The resurgence of the Selk'nam. Dynamics of ethnoheterogenesis, ethnicity, and legal recognition in the Tierra del Fuego

This article has two central objectives, on the one hand, to analyze the process by which the Selk'nam population was declared extinct on the island of Tierra del Fuego, putting special emphasis on the process of colonization and the consequences this brought, especially the process of assimilation and ethnocide. Subsequently, a theoretical review is made of the concepts of ethnicity and ethnogenesis as processes through which the resurgence of groups of individuals who currently recognize themselves as members of the indigenous Selk'nam group can be explained. In this sense, the concept of Ethnoheterogenesis is linked as a model through which the current processes of self-recognition of individuals with ethnic groups can be explained. To conclude the article focuses the discussion on recognizing those cultural aspects present today, the action of ethnic groups, and the need for legal and symbolic recognition of the current existence of Selk'nam ethnic groups.Este artículo tiene dos objetivos centrales, por una parte, analizar el proceso mediante el cual se declaró la extinción de la población selk’nam en la isla de Tierra del Fuego, poniendo énfasis al proceso de colonización y las consecuencias que trajo esto, especialmente el proceso de asimilación y etnocidio. Posteriormente, se hace una revisión teórica sobre los conceptos de etnicidad y etnogénesis como procesos mediante los cual se puede explicar el resurgimiento de grupos de individuos que se autorreconocen actualmente como miembros del grupo indígena selk’nam. En ese sentido, se vincula el concepto de Ethnoheterogénesis como un modelo mediante el cual se puede explicar los procesos actuales de autorreconocimiento de individuos con grupos étnicos. Para finalizar, se centra la discusión en reconocer aquellos aspectos culturales presentes en la actualidad, la acción de colectividades etnopolíticas y la necesidad de un reconocimiento jurídico y simbólico de la existencia actual de grupos étnicos selk’nam.This article has two central objectives, on the one hand, to analyze the process by which the Selk'nam population was declared extinct on the island of Tierra del Fuego, putting special emphasis on the process of colonization and the consequences this brought, especially the process of assimilation and ethnocide. Subsequently, a theoretical review is made of the concepts of ethnicity and ethnogenesis as processes through which the resurgence of groups of individuals who currently recognize themselves as members of the indigenous Selk'nam group can be explained. In this sense, the concept of Ethnoheterogenesis is linked as a model through which the current processes of self-recognition of individuals with ethnic groups can be explained. To conclude the article focuses the discussion on recognizing those cultural aspects present today, the action of ethnic groups, and the need for legal and symbolic recognition of the current existence of Selk'nam ethnic groups

¿Es crossfit un deporte de alto riesgo? estudio ergonómico de la postura corporal de las personas que realizan crossfit en la ciudad de Quito

Since crossfit started in the year of 1995, the number of athletes that practice it has been increased exponentially, and the number of injures have increased (Glassman, 2005). The objective of this investigation is to analyze and quantify the postural risks of the athletes and determine the risk’s factors that may be responsible for the injuries. The present investigation also includes a RULA analysis of 109 people, where 47% of the people who practices crossfit in Quito had been injured. Likewise, the data has been analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression with the objective of predict the result of the quantity of injuries in function of the independent variables (Fernández & Sánchez, 2015), therefore, the flexibility of the hip and toes is significant to the quantity of injuries. Finally, this investigation includes recommendations to avoid injuries in crossfit and also limitations of the investigation.Desde que Crossfit inició en el año de 1995, el número de deportistas que lo practican se ha elevado exponencialmente, y cada vez son más personas las que se ven afectadas por lesiones músculo esqueléticas (Glassman, 2005). Al ser un deporte relativamente nuevo no existen mayores aportes en el tema y por tal motivo, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar y cuantificar los riesgos de la postura corporal de las personas que practican este deporte y determinar los factores de riesgo que pueden afectar a que el deportista se lesione. El presente estudio incluye un análisis RULA a un total de 109 personas, en el cual se encontró que el 47% de personas que practican crossfit en Quito se han lesionado. Asimismo, se analizaron los datos mediante regresión logística multivariable, con el objetivo predecir el resultado la cantidad de lesiones en función de las variables independientes (Fernández & Sánchez, 2015), de esta manera, se determinó que la flexibilidad de tronco, cadera y piernas es significativa frente a las lesiones de los participantes. Adicionalmente, este estudio incluye diversas recomendaciones para evitar lesiones en la práctica de crossfit así como también limitaciones del estudio.

Actividad e indicación quirúrgica en una Unidad de Alta resolución de Tiroides y puesta en marcha del Comité Multidisciplinar de Patología de Tiroides. Incidentaloma tiroideo.

El hallazgo de un nódulo tiroideo se ha convertido en uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta endocrinológica. La implantación de las unidades de alta resolución de tiroides (UART) puede ser la solución para este problema sanitario. Por ello, la importancia en este estudio reside en conocer los factores de riesgo relacionados con el cáncer de tiroides en nuestro medio, evaluar la actividad e indicación quirúrgica de una UART, así como los incidentalomas encontrados en esta. Nuestro médodo consiste en un estudio observacional de base hospitalaria en el total de pacientes remitidos a la UART durante los años 2015 y 2016; así como en aquellos pacientes remitidos al CT para evaluación de cirugía por cualquier causa. Del total de pacientes evaluados se remitieron para valoración quirúrgica un total de 241 pacientes. Las variables que establecieron relación con malignidad y obtuvieron significación estadística en nuestro estudio fueron la presencia de microcalcificaciones, halo desdibujado e hipofunción tiroidea. Al comparar los carcinomas de tiroides frente a los incidentalomas solamente se observó diferencia significativa en el tamaño del tumor principal (p<0.01). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la puesta en marcha de este tipo de unidades es una alternativa viable y coste efectiva a la hora de diagnosticar la patología tiroidea maligna.Grado en Medicin

Aerodynamic scaling of cylindircal structures through surface roughness modification

[ES] El flujo alrededor de un cilindro circular y la fuerza de arrastre sobre el mismo han sido motivo de estudio durante mucho tiempo, ya que muchos investigadores han estudiado el efecto de la rugosidad de la superficie de los cilindros en el pasado. Esto es debido a la gran cantidad de dificultades que son encontradas a la hora de simular flujos de Re supercriticos sobre la superficie de los cilindros a velocidades relativamente bajas en un túnel de viento de capa límite. La simulación de los efectos del vientos a escala real sobre las superficies de los cilindros en los modelos a escala se hace difícil debido a la diferencia del Re entre la escala del modelo y las estructuras a escala real. Este estudio intenta controlar el flujo, así como el punto de separación alrededor de un cilindro circular a través de la aplicación de la rugosidad de la superficie artificial a través del exterior del cilindro. Con el fin de hacer eso, rugosidades definidas en patrones dentados y diferentes tipos de asperezas en papel de lija serán testados en la superficie de los cilindros , que fueron sujeots a prueba frente a flujos laminares en un BLWT. Al mismo tiempo, este estudio tiene como un objetivo principal para tratar de simular las condiciones de flujos de super-críticos con las velocidades de viento sub-crítico más bajas a fin de aplicar estos resultados, en caso de que eran óptimas, en el proyecto de un prototipo real de una torre eólica.[EN] The flow around a circular cylinder and the drag force on it have been studied for a long time, as many researchers have studied the effect of surface roughness on cylinders in the past. This is because of a lot of difficulties are found when trying to simulate super critical Re flow effects over cylinder surfaces at relatively low wind speeds in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Simulating the effects of full scale winds over cylinder surfaces on scale models is made difficult due to the contrast in Re between the model scale and full scale structures. This study attempts to control the flow as well as the separation point around a circular cylinder through the implementation of artificial surface roughness across the exterior of the cylinder. In order to do that, roughness indented patterns and several roughnesses with sandpaper will be tested at the circular cylinders surface, which were subjected to wind laminar flows in a BLWT. At the same time, this study has as a main target to try to simulate super-critical flows conditions with the lowest sub-critical wind velocities so as to apply these results, in case they were optimal, to the project of a real wind tower prototype.Bravo López, FJ. (2016). Aerodynamic scaling of cylindircal structures through surface roughness modification. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/144644TFG

Detecting symptoms of low performance using production rules

This is an electronic version of the paper presented at the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM'09), held in Cordoba (Spain) on 2009E-Learning systems offer students innovative and attractive ways of learning through augmentation or substitution of traditional lectures and exercises with online learning material. Such material can be accessed at any time from anywhere using different devices, and can be personalized according to the individual student’s needs, goals and knowledge. However, authoring and evaluation of this material remains a complex a task. While many researchers focus on the authoring support, not much has been done to facilitate the evaluation of e-Learning applications, which requires processing of the vast quantity of data generated by students. We address this problem by proposing an approach for detecting potential symptoms of low performance in e-Learning courses. It supports two main steps: generating the production rules of C4.5 algorithm and filtering the most representative rules, which could indicate low performance of students. In addition, the approach has been evaluated on the log files of student activity with two versions of a Web-based quiz system.This work has been funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Education through the HADA project TIN2007-64718

Effects of service experience on customer responses to the hotel chain

This paper analyses customer experience in a hotel and its impact on the customer attitudes to both the individual hotel and the hotel chain. Specifically, the study focuses on the effects on emotions, satisfaction, attitude to hotel chain, intention to return, skepticism to negative information and WOM. In order to test the hypotheses, an empirical study was carried out in a sample of 300 individuals. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling, and results show that customer experiences in an individual hotel determine not only their responses to the hotel but also their responses to the hotel chain. Among all the considered outcomes, the stronger effects are found on WO

The use of a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) as a technique for cadmium determination in cacao crop soils

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal naturally occurring in the earth’s crust or due to anthropogenic activity. The presence of this metal in cacao farm soils represents a significant issue as levels are now regulated in products derived from cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.). Several strategies have been proposed to measure cadmium levels; however, little is known regarding in situ nondestructive and time efficient techniques to analyze Cd contents in both cacao topsoils and subsoils, particularly nearby the root system. Therefore, this research aims to integrate the physical property of soil resistivity to Cd content in cacao soils. Cd hot spots are estimated from resistivity measurements using a two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) technique and correlated to Cd determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). To assess the dynamics of soil Cd content the correlation is discussed with other physical chemical parameters of soils (pH, organic matter, Ca, Fe, and P). The study was performed in 27 cacao farms in Colombia. A farm in Santander district proved to have the highest level of Cd using the correlated techniques (2.76 mg·kg−1 Cd and 1815 Ohm·m) followed by farms in Boyacá and Arauca districts (2.6 and 0.66 mg·kg−1 Cd, related to 1616 and 743 Ohm·m, respectively). A high correlation between 2D-ERT and Cd determination (R2 = 0.87) was found. The discussion regarding the soil parameters analyzed suggests that the 2D-ERT technique could be used as a preliminary approach to explore Cd distribution in cacao soils.Cacao-Theobroma caca

Bienestar social e impuesto sobre la renta

This paper intends to generalize the SANDMO'S model on evasion and optimal taxation (Journal of Public Economics, 1981, Vol. 16) in two directions. First, by extending the frame of redistributive preferences to other social objectives apart from utilitarianism; second, allowing that non evaders may differamong them, according to the current literature on the subject, on account of the productive skill they possess in the labour market. Such changes, in addition to isolating the aspects of risk aversion from what is more properly concerned with the degree of concavity of the welfare function, enable a more detailed description of the way the factors influencing the taxpayer behaviour work.El presente artículo pretende ampliar el modelo original de SANDMO (Journal of Public Economics, 1981 , Vol. 16), relativo a evasión e imposición óptima, en dos direcciones. De un lado, haciendo extensivo el marco de preferencias redistributivas hacia otros objetivos sociales distintos del utilitarista; asimismo, permitiendo el que los sujetos no defraudadores puedan diferir entre sí, de acuerdo con la bibliografía más corriente sobre el tema, por razón de la capacidad productiva que posean en el mercado de trabajo. Dichas modificaciones, además de deslindar los aspectos de aversión al riesgo de lo que propiamente es el grado de concavidad de la función de bienestar, facilitan una más completa descripción del modo como operan los factores que inciden en la conducta del contribuyente

Hedging the unhedgeable

Bravo, J. M., & Díaz-Giménez, J. (2014). Is longevity an insurable risk? Hedging the unhedgeable. (pp. 1). (Papers Mi Jubilación; No. 9). Instituto BBVA de Pensiones.In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin said that "Nothing is certain but death and taxes". The 21st-century adaptation of this famous expression could be "nothing is certain but longevity and taxes." Longevity risk is a critical risk for institutions that provide life-long payments such as pension funds, annuity providers and public pension schemes. The amount of unfunded liabilities institutions face will be massive if their beneficiaries live considerably longer than expected. This paper addresses the problem of longevity risk and discusses the ways in which individuals, life assurers, annuity providers and pension plans can manage their exposure to this risk. We discuss whether the traditional insurance mechanism, involving risk transfer and pooling, can deal appropriately with longevity risk. We then review longevity risk management solutions, comprising both traditional insurance and reinsurance techniques and recently developed capital market instruments.publishersversionpublishe