Power requirements for the first lunar outpost (FLO)

NASA's Exploration Program Office is currently developing a preliminary reference mission description that lays the framework from which the nation can return to the Moon by the end of the decade. The First Lunar Outpost is the initial phase of establishing a permanent presence on the Moon and the next step of sending humans to Mars. Many systems required for missions to Mars will be verified on the Moon, while still accomplishing valuable lunar science and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Some of FLO's major accomplishments will be long duration habitation, extended surface roving (both piloted and teleoperated) and a suite of science experiments, including lunar resources extraction. Of equal challenge will be to provide long life, reliable power sources to meet the needs of a lunar mission

High-resolution Core-level Spectroscopies Of Molecular Silicon Compounds Using Monochromatized Synchrotron Radiation

High-resolution core-level photoabsorption, photoelectron and photoionization mass spectra of numerous substituted silane molecules have been measured in the gas phase around the Si 2p ionization edges using monochromatized synchrotron radiation. Photoabsorption spectra were also measured around the Si 2s ionization edges and the Cl 2p ionization edges of the chlorine-containing molecules. Multiple-scattering X{dollar}\alpha{dollar} calculations were performed to aid in the assignment of the peaks observed in the photoabsorption spectra. The chemical series approach, where the effects of small systematic chemical changes in the composition of the molecule under study on the observed spectra provide useful aids for assignments, has been used throughout this work.;Photoabsorption spectra of the core electronic levels are reported for three series of silicon molecules, the fluoromethylsilane compounds: Si(CH{dollar}\sb3{dollar}){dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm x{rcub}{dollar}F{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm 4-x{rcub}{dollar}, the chloromethylsilane compounds: Si(CH{dollar}\sb3{dollar}){dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm x{rcub}{dollar}Cl{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm 4-x{rcub}{dollar}, and the chlorosilane compounds: SiH{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm x{rcub}{dollar}Cl{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm 4-x{rcub}{dollar}, x = 0-4. Theoretical results from MS-X{dollar}\alpha{dollar} calculations along with trends observed in the experimental spectra facilitate the identification and assignment of numerous features in the spectra. Below the ionization edges, the observed peaks are assigned to result from electronic transitions of the core electrons into virtual molecular orbitals and Rydberg orbitals. Above the ionization edges, peaks in the photoabsorption cross sections are assigned to transitions into a variety of quasibound states in the continuum: virtual molecular orbitals and Rydberg orbitals. Above the ionization edges, peaks in the photoabsorption cross sections are assigned to transitions into a variety of quasibound states in the continuum: virtual molecular orbitals supported by the shape of the molecular potential, shape resonances, and delayed-onsets resulting from centrifugal barriers to the exiting electron.;Using a newly constructed photoelectron spectrometer, Si 2p photoelectron spectra of eleven substituted silane molecules were measured with unprecedented experimental resolution. The spectra exhibit vibrational broadening, and for silane, tetrafluorosilane and ethylsilane, individual vibrational bands are resolved on the Si 2p photoelectron lines. Very high experimental resolution is required to resolve individual vibrational bands. Extensive use is made of the equivalent-cores approximation to aid in the interpretation of the observed vibrational structure. Chemical effects on the lifetimes of the Si 2p core holes are also investigated. Total ion yield spectra, total electron yield spectra, photoionized mass spectra and mass-resolved photoion yield spectra of the fluoromethylsilane compounds, Si(CH{dollar}\sb3{dollar}){dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm x{rcub}{dollar}F{dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm 4-x{rcub}{dollar}; x = 0-4, measured using photon energies around the Si 2p core ionization edges are also reported. In the fragmentation patterns observed following irradiation of the sample with monochromatized synchrotron radiation, the methyl groups are found to be more labile than the fluorine atoms at photon energies below and above the Si 2p ionization edges. Partial ion yields of the SiF{dollar}\sp-{dollar} and SiMe{dollar}\sp+{dollar} fragment ions are seen to exhibit specific enhancement at the Si 2{dollar}p\to\sigma{dollar}* resonances below the ionization edge

Ground-Based and Space-Based Laser Beam Power Applications

A space power system based on laser beam power is sized to reduce mass, increase operational capabilities, and reduce complexity. The advantages of laser systems over solar-based systems are compared as a function of application. Power produced from the conversion of a laser beam that has been generated on the Earth's surface and beamed into cislunar space resulted in decreased round-trip time for Earth satellite electric propulsion tugs and a substantial landed mass savings for a lunar surface mission. The mass of a space-based laser system (generator in space and receiver near user) that beams down to an extraterrestrial airplane, orbiting spacecraft, surface outpost, or rover is calculated and compared to a solar system. In general, the advantage of low mass for these space-based laser systems is limited to high solar eclipse time missions at distances inside Jupiter. The power system mass is less in a continuously moving Mars rover or surface outpost using space-based laser technology than in a comparable solar-based power system, but only during dust storm conditions. Even at large distances for the Sun, the user-site portion of a space-based laser power system (e.g., the laser receiver component) is substantially less massive than a solar-based system with requisite on-board electrochemical energy storage

Space transfer with ground-based laser/electric propulsion

A new method of providing power to space vehicles consists of using ground-based lasers to beam power to photovoltaic receivers in space. This can be used as a power source for electrically propelled orbital transfer vehicles

Reconstruction of the time-dependent electronic wave packet arising from molecular autoionization

Autoionizing resonances are paradigmatic examples of two-path wave interferences between direct photoionization, which takes a few attoseconds, and ionization via quasi-bound states, which takes much longer. Time-resolving the evolution of these interferences has been a long-standing goal, achieved recently in the helium atom owing to progress in attosecond technologies. However, already for the hydrogen molecule, similar time imaging has remained beyond reach due to the complex interplay between fast nuclear and electronic motions. We show how vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra of H2 allow one to reconstruct the associated subfemtosecond autoionization dynamics by using the ultrafast nuclear dynamics as an internal clock, thus forgoing ultrashort pulses. Our procedure should be general for autoionization dynamics in molecules containing light nuclei, which are ubiquitous in chemistry and biologyThis work was supported by European Research Council advanced grant 290853-XCHEM within the seventh framework program of the European Union. We also acknowledge the financial support from MINECO projects FIS2013-42002-R and FIS2016-77889-R, and the European COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action XLIC CM1204, and the computer time from the Centro de Computación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Marenostrum Supercomputer Center. A.P. acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). F.M. acknowledges support from the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, grant SEV-2016-0686) and the “María de Maeztu” Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2014-0377). S.E.C. acknowledges funding from the Helmoltz Recognition Award. The Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source project (GINOP-2.3.6-15-2015-00001) was financed by the European Union and cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fun

Comparisons of selected laser beam power missions to conventionally powered missions

Earth-based laser sites beaming laser power to space assets have shown benefits over competing power system concepts for specific missions. Missions analyzed in this report that show benefits of laser beam power are low Earth orbit (LEO) to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) transfer, LEO to low lunar orbit (LLO) cargo missions, and lunar-base power. Both laser- and solar-powered orbit-transfer vehicles (OTV's) make a 'tug' concept viable, which substantially reduces cumulative initial mass to LEO in comparison to chemical propulsion concepts. Lunar cargo missions utilizing laser electric propulsion from Earth-orbit to LLO show substantial mass saving to LEO over chemical propulsion systems. Lunar-base power system options were compared on a landed-mass basis. Photovoltaics with regenerative fuel cells, reactor-based systems, and laser-based systems were sized to meet a generic lunar-base power profile. A laser-based system begins to show landed mass benefits over reactor-based systems when proposed production facilities on the Moon require power levels greater than approximately 300 kWe. Benefit/cost ratios of laser power systems for an OTV, both to GEO and LLO, and for a lunar base were calculated to be greater than 1

Tricuspid Valve Replacement in a Patient with a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker: Current Guidelines and Recommendations for Perioperative Management

Leadless cardiac pacemakers were developed to reduce complications associated with conventional transvenous pacemakers. While this technology is still relatively new, devices are increasingly being implanted. The perioperative management of patients with these devices has been underreported; we thus seek to add to the limited body of knowledge of perioperative management of patients with leadless cardiac pacemakers. An elderly female patient with a Micra VR transcatheter pacing system leadless cardiac pacemaker placed for tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome with intermittent complete heart block was scheduled for elective tricuspid valve replacement for severe tricuspid regurgitation. Pacemaker interrogation was performed several hours prior to the scheduled surgery based on the electrophysiologist's availability; the device was kept in its programmed VVIR mode, and the base rate was increased from 60 to 80 beats per minute in anticipation of the upcoming surgery. Upon preoperative evaluation, the anesthesiologist asked that the electrophysiology team be placed on standby intraoperatively due to the concern that either oversensing in the setting of pacemaker dependence and/or undesirable tachycardia from rate-responsive pacing could occur. The surgeon used monopolar electrocautery for the duration of the cardiac surgery. Despite the patient having evidence of pacemaker dependence in the intensive care unit preoperatively, no electromagnetic interference leading to oversensing nor rate modulation was detected during intraoperative electrocardiographic and intraarterial invasive monitoring. Evidence-based guidelines regarding perioperative management specifically of leadless cardiac pacemakers do not exist. As these devices become more prevalent, further evaluation will be paramount to determine whether existing guidelines for perioperative management of conventional transvenous pacemakers apply

Dynamical effects in the vibrationally resolved C 2s-1 photoionization cross section ratios of Methane

The vibrationally resolved C 2s photoionization cross-section of methane was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. When compared to that of C 1s photoionization, a rather different pattern has been observed, suggesting a strong interplay between the electron diffraction and interference effects

A Walk Around Kitami

文：鈴木　衛 訳：ボゼック　クリストファー　ジョン 絵：鈴木　彩夏北見中心部　Central Kitami… …………………………………………………………………2 北見駅　JR Kitami Station………………………………………………………………………4 北見バスターミナル　Kitami Bus Terminal……………………………………………………5 パラボ　Parabo… ………………………………………………………………………………6 北見市役所　Kitami City Hall……………………………………………………………………7 北見市立中央図書館　Kitami City Public Central Library……………………………………8 北見芸術文化ホール（きた・アート21）　Kitami Art and Culture Hall (Kita∙Art21)…………8 オホーツク木のプラザ　Okhotsk Wood Plaza…………………………………………………8 野付牛公園　Notsukeushi Park……………………………………………………………… 10 ピアソン記念館　Pierson Memorial House… …………………………………………… 12 北見ハッカ記念館　Kitami Mint Memorial Museum……………………………………… 14 北見工業大学　Kitami Institute of Technology…………………………………………… 16 日本赤十字北海道看護大学　Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing… … 17 北見市中心街　Downtown Kitami… ……………………………………………………… 18 おんねゆ温泉　Onneyu Hot Spring………………………………………………………… 20 山の水族館　YAMA NO Aquarium… ……………………………………………………… 21 からくりハト時計塔「果夢林」　Kamurin Cuckoo Clock Tower… ……………………… 21 ワッカ原生花園　Wakka Wildflower Park………………………………………………… 22 ところ遺跡の森　Tokoro Forest of Remains… …………………………………………… 22 オジロワシ　White-Tailed Eagle… ………………………………………………………… 23 サロマ湖ホタテ漁　Lake Saroma Scallop Fishing………………………………………… 23 北見ぼんちまつり舞踊パレード　Kitami Bonchi Festival Dance Parade… …………… 24 北見厳寒焼き肉まつり　Kitami Mid-Winter Barbecue Festival… ……………………… 25 玉ねぎの収穫　Onion Harvest… …………………………………………………………… 26 きたみファミリーランド　Kitami Family Land……………………………………………… 28 北見市民スケートリンク　Kitami Municipal Skating Rink………………………………… 30 スキー　Skiing………………………………………………………………………………… 31 カーリング　Curling…………………………………………………………………………… 32 北見の夜空とアイスキャンドル　Evening Sky and Ice Candles in Kitami… …………… 34boo