The Effect of 1,3-Diaryl-[1H]-pyrazole-4-acetamides on Glucose Utilization in ob/ob Mice

This article provides evidence of a new class of compounds, 1,3-diaryl-[1H]-pyrazole-4-acetamides, initially identified from their ability to increase glucose transport in an adipocyte and muscle cell line and ultimately demonstrating dramatic glucose lowering in ob/ob mice, a diabetic animal model. The lead compound, 1, possessed some behavioral-like effects which were removed by structural variation during the course of this investigation. Specifically, 11g (R1 = meta-CF3, Ar2 = 4‘biphenyl, R3 = diethylamide) illustrated the potency of this series with ED50 values for glucose lowering in ob/ob mice of 3.0 mg/kg/day. Concomitant with its effect on glucose lowering, 11g also caused a 50% reduction in insulin levels consistent with an agent that increases whole body insulin sensitivity. 11g showed favorable pharmacokinetic data with acceptable absorption, negligible metabolism, and good duration of action. 11g demonstrated no appreciable adipogenic effect through PPARγ agonism, a characteristic of the thiazolidinediones (TZD), and so represents a potentially new class of agents for the treatment of diabetes

Substituted Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-<i>b</i>]oxazol-5(6<i>H</i>)-ones and Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-5(6<i>H</i>)-ones as Hypoglycemic Agents

A series of substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazol-5(6H)-ones and tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazol-5(6H)-ones was synthesized from amino alcohols or amino thiols and keto acids. A pharmacological model based on the results obtained with these compounds led to the synthesis and evaluation of a series of isoxazoles and other monocyclic compounds. These were evaluated for their ability to enhance glucose utilization in cultured L6 myocytes. The in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy and potency of these compounds were evaluated in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), the ob/ob mouse. 25a(2S) (SDZ PGU 693) was selected for further pharmacological studies