Inhibition of Src attenuates Ang II-induced MLC phosphorylation in mesenteric vessels.

<p>After last BP measurements (at day 14) in mice described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127891#pone.0127891.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>, the mice were euthanized, and their mesenteric vessels were isolated and subjected to Western blotting analyses for the phosphorylated Src and MLC. (<b>A</b>) Representative and (<b>B</b>) quantification of Western blotting analyses in mice treated with Vehicle (–), Ang II, SU6656, or Ang II+SU6656. The intensities of the phospho-protein bands were quantified densitometrically, normalized to the total proteins, and expressed as fold differences relative to the values in the Vehicle group (“SU6656[–] Ang II [–])”. n = 5/group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, Ang II vs. Vehicle; # p<0.05, Ang II+SU6656 vs. Ang II.</p

A novel mechanism by which Ang II induces smooth muscle contraction.

<p>Interactions between Ang II and AT1R triggers SFK phosphorylation, which in turn, via tyrosine kinase activity and currently-unknown enzymatic substrates, results in MLCK phosphorylation at Serine 19 and activation of smooth muscle contractile machinery.</p

Correlation of choroidal thickness and ametropiain young adolescence

<div><p>Choroid has been proposed to participate in the regulation of light refraction by changing its thickness. The present study aims to analyze the characteristics of choroidal thickness (CT), and its correlation with refractive error, axial length and age in young ametropia. A total of 51 subjects (102 eyes), aged from 5 to 18 years old (mean age 10.04 ±2.78 years), with ametropia were included in the study. Choroidal imaging was obtained by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) of spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). CT was horizontally measured at 5 locations in across fovea with 1mm interval. We found that the spherical equivalent refractive diopter was from -7.25D to 1.6D (mean, -1.61D±1.82D), the mean axial length was 24.14mm±1.14mm. The closer to the optic disc the thinner the choroid is. CT between fovea and disc showed better correlation with refractive error (p< 0,01), axial length (p<0.01) and age (P<0.05) than those temporal to fovea. Our results indicated that the choroid is least thick around the optic disc. Thickness between fovea and optic disc is significantly associated with refractive error, axial length and age in growing adolescences. This result may help us understand the function of choroid during ametropic progression.</p></div

Multiple regression of CT(sf and n1) with age and AL.

<p>Multiple regression of CT(sf and n1) with age and AL.</p

Correlation analysis between choroidal thickness of each point and Refractive Error (RE), Axial Length(AL) and age.

<p>Correlation analysis between choroidal thickness of each point and Refractive Error (RE), Axial Length(AL) and age.</p

Choroidal Thickness (CT) of each measurement location.

<p>Choroidal Thickness (CT) of each measurement location.</p

Linear regression analysis of axial length and refractive error.

<p>Refractive error showed significantly negative correlation with axial length (R² = 0.5616, F = 128.023 p = 0.000), linear equation: y = -0.472x + 23.382.</p

The scatter plot graphs showing significant correlation between Choroidal Thickness(CT) of N1 and three factors (refractive error, axial length and age).

<p><b>a</b>, CT of N1 negatively correlated with refractive error (diopter) (R² = 0.239, p = 0.000).<b>b</b>, CT of N1 positively correlated with axial length (R² = 0.180, p = 0.000).<b>c</b>, CT of N1 positively correlated with age (R² = 0.069, p = 0.007). N1 = 1mm nasal to fovea.</p

Codonopilate A, a Triterpenyl Ester as Main Autotoxin in Cultivated Soil of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> (Franch.) Nannf

Codonopilate A (<b>1</b>), a triterpenyl ester, was isolated from monocultivated soil of annual <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and identified as the main autotoxin. The yield ratio of codonopilate A in dried soil was calculated as 2.04 μg/g. Other two triterpenoids, taraxeryl acetate (<b>2</b>) and 24-methylenecycloartanol (<b>3</b>), were isolated and identified as well showing weaker autotoxity. This was the first time that the potential allelochemicals and autotoxins in the cultivated soil of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> were reported. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the autotoxins in the root tips of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> was considered as an important factor for the phytotoxic effect. This work systematically investigates the allelopathic and autotoxic effect of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i>, and the preliminary autotoxic action mode of the three autotoxins. These findings are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of autotoxicity and conducive to explore proper ways to degrade the autotoxins and eliminate the replanting problems of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i>

Total Synthesis of Trioxacarcins DC-45-A1, A, D, C, and C7″-<i>epi</i>-C and Full Structural Assignment of Trioxacarcin C

Trioxacarcins DC-45-A2, DC-45-A1, A, D, C7″-<i>epi</i>-C, and C have been synthesized through stereoselective strategies involving BF₃·Et₂O-catalyzed ketone–epoxide opening and gold-catalyzed glycosylation reactions, and the full structural assignment of trioxacacin C was deciphered via the syntheses of both of its C7″ epimers. The gathered knowledge sets the foundation for the design, synthesis, and biological evalution of analogues of these natural products as potential payloads for antibody–drug conjugates and other delivery systems for targeted and personalized cancer chemotherapy