Robust Construction of Supersmall Zwitterionic Micelles Based on Hyperbranched Polycarbonates Mediates High Tumor Accumulation

Despite the numerous advantages of nanomedicines, their therapeutic efficacy is hampered by biological barriers, including fast in vivo clearance, poor tumor accumulation, inefficient penetration, and cellular uptake. Herein, cross-linked supersmall micelles based on zwitterionic hyperbranched polycarbonates can overcome these challenges for efficiently targeted drug delivery. Biodegradable acryloyl/zwitterion-functionalized hyperbranched polycarbonates are synthesized by a one-pot sequential reaction of Michael-type addition and ring-opening polymerization, followed by controlled modification with carboxybetaine thiol. Cross-linked supersmall zwitterionic micelles (X-CBMs) are readily prepared by straightforward self-assembly and UV cross-linking. X-CBMs exhibit prolonged blood circulation because of their cross-linked structure and zwitterion decoration, which resist protein corona formation and facilitate escaping RES recognition. Combined with the advantage of supersmall size (7.0 nm), X-CBMs mediate high tumor accumulation and deep penetration, which significantly enhance the targeted antitumor outcome against the 4T1 tumor model by administration of the paclitaxel (PTX) formulation (X-CBM@PTX)

Petrogenesis and timing of emplacement of porphyritic monzonite, dolerite, and basalt associated with the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit, Western Junggar, NW China: implications for early Carboniferous tectonic setting and Cu–Au mineralization prospectivity

<p>The Kuoerzhenkuola epithermal Au deposit is located in the northern part of the West Junggar region of NW China and is underlain by a recently discovered porphyritic monzonite intrusion that contains Cu–Au mineralization. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of this intrusion yielded an age of 350 ± 4.7 Ma. The porphyritic monzonite is calc-alkaline and is characterized by high concentrations of Sr (583–892 ppm), significant depletions in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE; e.g. Yb = 0.96–2.57 ppm) and Y (10.4–23.3 ppm), and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element variation diagram patterns with positive Sr and Ba and negative Nb and Ti anomalies, all of which indicate that this intrusion is compositionally similar to adakites elsewhere. The composition of the porphyritic monzonite is indicative of the derivation from magmas generated by the melting of young subducted slab material. The area also contains Nb-enriched basalts that are enriched in sodium (Na₂O/K₂O = 1.20–3.90) and have higher Nb, Zr, TiO₂, and P₂O₅ concentrations and Nb/La and Nb/U ratios than typical arc basalts. The juxtaposition of adakitic rocks, Nb-enriched basalts, and dolerites in this region suggests that the oceanic crust of the expansive oceans within the West Junggar underwent early Carboniferous subduction. Magnetite is widespread throughout the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit, as evidenced by the volcanic breccias cemented by late hydrothermal magnetite and pyrite. In addition, the zoned potassic, quartz-sericite alteration, and propylitic and kaolin alteration in the deeper parts of the porphyritic monzonite are similar to those found in porphyry Cu–Au deposits. These findings, coupled with the mineralogy and geochemistry of the alteration associated with the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit, suggest that the mineralization in this area is not purely epithermal, with the geology and geochemistry of the porphyritic monzonite in this area suggesting that a porphyry Cu–Au deposit is probably located beneath the Kuoerzhenkuola Au deposit.</p

Genesis of late carboniferous granitoid intrusions in the Dayinsu area, West Junggar, Northwest China: evidence of an arc setting for the western CAOB

<p>The Dayinsu area is located in the northern part of the West Junggar district near the border between China and Kazakhstan and is an important component of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Dayinsu area hosts numerous granitoid plutons in Devonian–Carboniferous volcano–sedimentary strata. The older Laodayinsu and Kubei (345–330 Ma) plutons are located in the west with the younger Bayimuzha and Qianfeng (330–325 Ma) plutons in the east. The whole-rock SiO₂ contents of the four granitoid plutons range from 52.22 to 68.42 wt.% and total alkaline contents (K₂O + Na₂O) range from 4.94 to 9.16 wt.%. The granites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements with depletions in Nb, Ta, Ce, Pr, P, and Ti. The plutons are metaluminous with I-type signatures. The geochemistry of the intrusions suggests that they formed in a subduction zone setting, and subsequently underwent fractional crystallization during emplacement, with higher degrees of fractionation in the eastern sector than in the west. Similarities in the geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the granitoid plutons in Dayinsu to those in the Tabei district (west to Dayinsu area) suggest that both districts are part of the Carboniferous Tarbagatay Mountain intrusive event. The early Carboniferous (345–324 Ma) granitoid intrusions in the Tarbagatay Mountain likely formed in an island arc subduction setting during the evolution of the CAOB.</p

sj-doc-1-tct-10.1177_15330338241249692 - Supplemental material for piR-1919609 Is an Ideal Potential Target for Reversing Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-tct-10.1177_15330338241249692 for piR-1919609 Is an Ideal Potential Target for Reversing Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer by Ying Yan, MD, Dan Tian, MD, Bingbing Zhao, PhD, Zhuang Li, PhD, Zhijiong Huang, PhD, Kuina Li, MD, Xiaoqi Chen, MD, Lu Zhou, MD, Yanying Feng, MD, and Zhijun Yang, PhD in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment</p