Three-component reactions of phosphorus ylides, thiophenols, and acetyl chloride for the synthesis of (β-thioacrylates)

<p>The facile synthesis of β-thioacrylates has been realized via direct three-component reactions of thiophenols, Wittig reagents, and acetyl chloride. Under transition metal-free conditions, a class of β-thioacrylates have been synthesized with fair to excellent yields via cascade C=C double bond and C(sp<a href="#cit0002" target="_blank">²</a>)-S bond formation.</p

Synthesis of γ‑Thiapyrones by Diels–Alder/Retro-Diels–Alder Reaction of α‑Pyrones with 5‑<i>H</i>‑1,2,3-Thiadiazoles

The efficient synthesis of γ-thiapyrones by a base-mediated Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder reaction of α-pyrones with 5-H-1,2,3-thiadiazoles is reported herein. Thioketenes in situ generated from thiadiazoles as electron-poor dienophile and electron-rich 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones as dienes are conjunctively transformed into a series of γ-thiapyrones with broad functional group compatibility in good to excellent yields (35 examples, 67% average yield)

An efficient and practical synthesis of functionalized pyridines via recyclable copper-catalyzed three-component tandem cyclization

An efficient heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed three-component tandem cyclization of ketoxime acetates, aldehydes, and activated methylene compounds has been developed that proceeds smoothly in DMSO at 120 °C by using an 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl-modified MCM-41-bound copper(I) bromide [MCM-41-2N-CuBr] as the catalyst, delivering a variety of polysubstituted pyridines in good to high yields. The heterogenized copper(I) catalyst can be readily obtained via a simple preparative procedure from commercially available and inexpensive reagents, and reused more than seven times without any apparent drop in its catalytic efficiency. </p

Supplementary_Materials – Supplemental material for Circulating tumor DNA as prognostic markers for late stage NSCLC with bone metastasis

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials for Circulating tumor DNA as prognostic markers for late stage NSCLC with bone metastasis by Jiguang Jia, Bin Huang, Zhengling Zhuang, Sen Chen in The International Journal of Biological Markers</p

Co₃O₄‑Modified TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays via Atomic Layer Deposition for Improved Visible-Light Photoelectrochemical Performance

Composite Co₃O₄/TiO₂ nanotube arrays (NTs) were fabricated via atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Co₃O₄ thin film onto well-aligned anodized TiO₂ NTs. The microscopic morphology, composition, and interfacial plane of the composite structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the ultrathin Co₃O₄ film uniformly coat onto the inner wall of the high aspect ratio (>100:1) TiO₂ NTs with film thickness precisely controlled by the number of ALD deposition cycles. The composite structure with ∼4 nm Co₃O₄ coating revealed optimal photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in the visible-light range (λ > 420 nm). The photocurrent density reaches as high as 90.4 μA/cm², which is ∼14 times that of the pristine TiO₂ NTs and 3 times that of the impregnation method. The enhanced PEC performance could be attributed to the finely controlled Co₃O₄ coating layer that enhances the visible-light absorption, maintains large specific surface area to the electrolyte interface, and facilitates the charge transfer

Infarct volume 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in each group.

<p>Infarction volume was determined as a percentage of the contralateral hemisphere. Values were expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6-8 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB-Con or Non-DB-5HD+Sev; † <i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con or Ins-DB-Sev vs. DB-Con, §<i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con vs. Ins-DB-Sev.</p

Neurological deficit scores (A) and motor coordination (B) 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in each group.

<p>Values were expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6-8 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB-Con or Non-DB-5HD+Sev; † <i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con or Ins-DB-Sev vs. DB-Con, §<i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con vs. Ins-DB-Sev.</p

Representative laser confocal images (A) and Quantitative comparison of Kir6.2 (B) and SUR1 (C) fluorescence in the brain cortex from non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with or without insulin.

<p>Scale bar, 200 µm. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=3 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB; † <i>P</i><0.05 vs. DB.</p

Representative RT-PCR product bands (A) and quantitative comparison of mRNA expression for brain mitoK_ATP channel subunits Kir6.2 (B) and SUR1 (C) from non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with or without insulin.

<p>Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=6 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB; † <i>P</i><0.05 vs. DB.</p

Efficient and Sustainable Regeneration of Bifunctional Ionic Liquid for Rare Earth Separation

An effective and sustainable strategy of regeneration is important for the industrial application of functionalized ionic liquid in hydrometallurgy. The transformations of [tri-<i>n</i>-octylmethyl­ammonium]­[bis-sec-octylphenoxyl acetate] ([N₁₈₈₈]­[SOPAA]) and [trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium]­[sec-octylphenoxy acetate] ([P_6,6,6,14]­[SOPAA]) under acidic and alkaline conditions were investigated. This paper developed a novel approach for sustainable stripping and efficient regeneration of acid–base coupling bifunctional ionic liquid (ABC-BIL) for rare earth element (REE) separation. After the stripping using deionized water, both NaOH and Na₂C₂O₄ were indicated to be effective for the regeneration of organic phase containing [N₁₈₈₈]­[SOPAA]. In order to recycle REE, the precipitates of REE­(OH)₃ and REE₂(C₂O₄)₃ were analyzed, and a sedimentation–calcination strategy was proposed. The investigation of sedimentation–calcination also offered a promising method for the preparation of REE nanomaterial