Distance Dependence of Fluorescence Enhancement in Au Nanoparticle@Mesoporous Silica@Europium Complex

In this paper, a core–shell structure of Au_nanoparticle@mSiO₂ with controllable thickness of silica was synthesized by a modified one-pot process and then europium complex of PABI-Eu was grafted on the surface of Au_nanoparticle@mSiO₂ nanostructure to successfully construct the resulting Au_nanoparticle@mSiO₂@PABI-Eu nanocomposite. The spectroscopic result revealed that the emission intensity of the Au_nanoparticle@mSiO₂@PABI-Eu nanocomposite is highly dependent on the thickness of silica. The enhancement factor of 4.20 is achieved at 30 nm thickness of silica between Au nanoparticle and PABI-Eu complex

Syntheses and Structures of Mononuclear, Dinuclear and Polynuclear Silver(I) Complexes of 2‑Pyrazole-Substituted 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands

A series of mononuclear, dinuclear and polynuclear silver­(I) complexes (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) bearing 2-pyrazole-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>, ^<b>F</b><b>L</b>^<b>1</b>, <b>L</b>^<b>2</b>) have been synthesized and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Reaction of <b>L</b>^<b>1</b> (<b>L</b>¹ = 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline) with AgClO₄ or AgBF₄ afforded two dinuclear silver­(I) complexes [Ag₂(<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>)₂(CH₃CN)₂]­(ClO₄)₂ (<b>1</b>) and [Ag₂(<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>)₂(CH₃CN)₂]­(BF₄)₂ (<b>2</b>), in which two [Ag<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>(CH₃CN)]⁺ units are linked by Ag···Ag interaction (Ag···Ag separation: 3.208(2) and 3.248(1) Å, respectively). A one-dimensional polymer {[Ag<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>]­(BF₄)}_∞ (<b>3</b>) consisting of an infinite ···Ag···Ag···Ag··· chain (Ag···Ag separation: 3.059(1) Å), as well as a dinuclear complex [Ag₂(ClO₄)₂(<b>L</b>^<b>1</b>)₂] (<b>4</b>) in which the perchlorate anions instead of solvents are involved in the metal coordination, have also been obtained. The mononuclear complex [Ag­(^<b>F</b><b>L</b>^<b>1</b>)₂]­(BF₄) (<b>5</b>) was synthesized from ^<b>F</b><b>L</b>^<b>1</b> (^<b>F</b><b>L</b>^<b>1</b> = 2-(3,5-bis­(trifluoromethyl)­pyrazol-1-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline) and AgBF₄, while the dinuclear [Ag₂(BF₄)₂(<b>L</b>^<b>2</b>)₂] (<b>6</b>) was isolated from <b>L</b>^<b>2</b> (<b>L</b>^<b>2</b> = 2-[<i>N</i>-(3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole)]-1,10-phenanthroline). The photoluminescence properties of the ligands and complexes <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> have been studied both in the solid state and in solution

Sequence length distribution of transcripts and unigenes assembled from Illumina reads for the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.

<p>The x-axis indicates length interval of transcripts and unigenes, and the y-axis indicates number of transcripts and unigenes for each size.</p

The unigenes related to both biomineralization and melanin biosynthesis in the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.

<p>The unigenes related to both biomineralization and melanin biosynthesis in the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.</p

Homometallic Silver(I) Complexes of a Heterotopic NHC-Bridged Bis-Bipyridine Ligand

By varying the metal to ligand ratio, stepwise formation of a series of homonuclear silver­(I) complexes of a carbene-bridged bis-bipyridine ligand (L) was achieved. In the mononuclear 1:2 complex [AgL₂]Br (<b>1</b>) only the carbene carbon is involved in the metal coordination, while both of the 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) arms are free. When the amount of silver­(I) ion was increased, isomorphous 2:2 dinuclear complexes with different counteranions, [Ag₂L₂]­X₂ (X = Br^– (<b>2a</b>), PF₆^– (<b>2b</b>), BPh₄^– (<b>2c</b>)), were synthesized from the ligand LX, in which the carbene carbon and one of the bpy units participate in the coordination with silver­(I) ions. Further addition of Ag^I salt afforded the one-dimensional coordination polymer {[Ag₃L₂]­(PF₆)₃·4CH₃CN}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), wherein the hanging bipyridine units also coordinate with Ag^I and thus all the coordination sites of the ligand are employed. The results reveal the preference of Ag^I ion for the carbene carbon donor rather than the bpy units. The synthesis, structures, and interconversion of the complexes and the counteranion effects on the structures are reported, and the luminescent properties of the ligand LX and the silver complexes have also been studied

Characterization of the Mantle Transcriptome of Yesso Scallop (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>): Identification of Genes Potentially Involved in Biomineralization and Pigmentation

<div><p>The Yesso scallop <i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i> is an economically important marine bivalve species in aquaculture and fishery in Asian countries. However, limited genomic resources are available for this scallop, which hampers investigations into molecular mechanisms underlying their unique biological characteristics, such as shell formation and pigmentation. Mantle is the special tissue of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i> that secretes biomineralization proteins inducing shell deposition as well as pigmentation on the shells. However, a current deficiency of transcriptome information limits insight into mechanisms of shell formation and pigmentation in this species. In this study, the transcriptome of the mantle of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i> was deeply sequenced and characterized using Illumina RNA-seq technology. A total of 86,521 unique transcripts are assembled from 55,884,122 reads that passed quality filters, and annotated, using Gene Ontology classification. A total of 259 pathways are identified in the mantle transcriptome, including the calcium signaling and melanogenesis pathways. A total of 237 unigenes that are homologous to 102 reported biomineralization genes are identified, and 121 unigenes that are homologous to 93 known proteins related to melanin biosynthesis are found. Twenty-three annotated unigenes, which are mainly homologous to calmodulin and related proteins, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, adenylate/guanylate cyclase, and tyrosinase family are potentially involved in both biomineralization and melanin biosynthesis. It is suggested that these genes are probably not limited in function to induce shell deposition by calcium metabolism, but may also be involved in pigmentation of the shells of the scallop. This potentially supports the idea that there might be a link between calcium metabolism and melanin biosynthesis, which was previously found in vertebrates. The findings presented here will notably advance the understanding of the sophisticated processes of shell formation as well as shell pigmentation in <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i> and other bivalve species, and also provide new evidence on gene expression for the understanding of pigmentation and biomineralization not only in invertebrates but also probably in vertebrates.</p></div

E-value and similarity distribution of unigenes with annotation to Nr (NCBI non-redundant protein sequences) database.

<p>(A) E-value distribution of annotated unigenes; (B) Similarity distribution of annotated unigenes.</p

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) assignment of unigenes in the mantle transcriptome of <i>P. yessoensis</i>.

<p>A, Cellular Processes; B, Enviromental Information Processing; C, Genetic Information Processing; D, Metabolism; E, Organismal Systems.</p

Statistics of de novo assembly for the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.

<p>Statistics of de novo assembly for the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.</p

GO (Gene Ontology) categorization (Biological process, Cellular component and Molecular function) of unigenes in the mantle transcriptome of <i>P</i>. <i>yessoensis</i>.

<p>Each annotated sequence is assigned at least one GO term.</p