Understanding mental health content on social media and it’s effect towards suicidal ideation

The study “Understanding Mental Health Content on Social Media and Its Effect Towards Suicidal Ideation” aims to detail the recognition of suicidal intent through social media, with focus on the improvement and part of the machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP). This review underscores the critical need for effective strategies to identify and support individuals with suicidal ideation, exploiting technological innovations in ML and DL to further suicide prevention efforts. The study details the application of these technologies in analyzing vast amounts of unstructured social media data to detect linguistic patterns, keywords, phrases, tones, and contextual cues associated with suicidal thoughts. It explores various ML and DL models like SVMs, CNNs, LSTM, neural networks, and their effectiveness in interpreting complex data patterns and emotional nuances within text data. The review discusses the potential of these technologies to serve as a life-saving tool by identifying at-risk individuals through their digital traces. Furthermore, it evaluates the real-world effectiveness, limitations, and ethical considerations of employing these technologies for suicide prevention, stressing the importance of responsible development and usage. The study aims to fill critical knowledge gaps by analyzing recent studies, methodologies, tools, and techniques in this field. It highlights the importance of synthesizing current literature to inform practical tools and suicide prevention efforts, guiding innovation in reliable, ethical systems for early intervention. This research synthesis evaluates the intersection of technology and mental health, advocating for the ethical and responsible application of ML, DL, and NLP to offer life-saving potential worldwide while addressing challenges like generalizability, biases, privacy, and the need for further research to ensure these technologies do not exacerbate existing inequities and harms

Deep Fusion Model for Brain Tumor Classification Using Fine-Grained Gradient Preservation

Brain tumors are one of the most common diseases that lead to early death if not diagnosed at an early stage. Traditional diagnostic approaches are extremely time-consuming and prone to errors. In this context, computer vision-based approaches have emerged as an effective tool for accurate brain tumor classification. While some of the existing solutions demonstrate noteworthy accuracy, the models become infeasible to deploy in areas where computational resources are limited. This research addresses the need for accurate and fast classification of brain tumors with a priority of deploying the model in technologically underdeveloped regions. The research presents a novel architecture for precise brain tumor classification fusing pretrained ResNet152V2 and modified VGG16 models. The proposed architecture undergoes a diligent fine-tuning process that ensures fine gradients are preserved in deep neural networks, which are essential for effective brain tumor classification. The proposed solution incorporates various image processing techniques to improve image quality and achieves an astounding accuracy of 98.36% and 98.04% in Figshare and Kaggle datasets respectively. This architecture stands out for having a streamlined profile, with only 2.8 million trainable parameters. We have leveraged 8-bit quantization to produce a model of size 73.881 MB, significantly reducing it from the previous size of 289.45 MB, ensuring smooth deployment in edge devices even in resource-constrained areas. Additionally, the use of Grad-CAM improves the interpretability of the model, offering insightful information regarding its decision-making process. Owing to its high discriminative ability, this model can be a reliable option for accurate brain tumor classification

Heart disease prediction using case based reasoning (CBR)

This study provides an overview of heart disease prediction using an intelligent system. Predicting disease accurately is crucial in the medical field, but traditional methods relying solely on a doctor's experience often lack precision. To address this limitation, intelligent systems are applied as an alternative to traditional approaches. While various intelligent system methods exist, this study focuses on three: Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). A comparison of these techniques in terms of accuracy was conducted, and ultimately, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) was selected for heart disease prediction. In the prediction phase, the heart disease dataset underwent data pre-processing to clean the data and data splitting to separate it into training and testing sets. The chosen intelligent system was then employed to predict heart disease outcomes based on the processed data. The experiment concluded with Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) achieving a notable accuracy rate of 97.95% in predicting heart disease. The findings also revealed that the probability of heart disease was 57.76% for males and 42.24% for females. Further analysis from related studies suggests that factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption are significant contributors to heart disease, particularly among males

COVID-19 fake news detection model on social media data using machine learning techniques

Social media sites like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have become indispensable parts of the daily routine. These social media sites are powerful instruments for spreading the news, photographs, and other sorts of information. However, since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, many articles and headlines concerning the COVID-19 epidemic have surfaced on social media. Social media is frequently used to disseminate fraudulent material or information. This disinformation may confuse consumers, perhaps causing worry. It is hard to counter the widespread dissemination of disinformation. As a result, it is critical to develop a model for recognizing fake news in the news stream. The dataset, which would be a synthesis of COVID-19-related news from numerous social media and news sources, is utilized for categorization in this work. Markers are retrieved from unstructured textual data gathered from a variety of sources. Then, to eliminate the computational burden of analyzing all of the features in the dataset, feature selection is done. Finally, to categorize the COVID -19 related dataset, multiple cutting-edge machine-learning algorithms were trained. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) are the machine learning models presented. Finally, numerous measures are used to evaluate these algorithms such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The Decision Tress algorithm reported the highest accuracy of 100% compared to the Support Vector Machine 98.7% and Naïve Bayes 96.3%