Demographic data of included groups from studies identified from the literature review.

Demographic data of included groups from studies identified from the literature review.</p

Table representing tissue origin, basic preparation and storage represented in the literature.

Table representing tissue origin, basic preparation and storage represented in the literature.</p

PRISMA flowchart of systematic review process.

Systematic review process, including databases, keywords, number of papers retrieved, inclusion and exclusion criteria and results from backwards and forwards searching [37].</p

Diagram demonstrating the general agreement of innervation by mechanoreceptors I-V across the hip joint capsule.

(A) Anterior view of the left side, representing increased expression laterally and superior-laterally. (B) posterior view of the left side, showing increased expression laterally. Darker regions depict areas where the literature demonstrates greater agreement of higher density of innervation. Lighter areas are regions of general agreement of little to no innervation. D = distal, I = inferior, L = lateral, M = medial, P = proximal, S = superior. ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine, AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine.</p

Quality analysis of papers included in this review, using a modified quality assessment tool for histological observational studies, adapted from Knijn et al. (2015) and Manterola and Otzen (2017) [38, 39].

Quality analysis of papers included in this review, using a modified quality assessment tool for histological observational studies, adapted from Knijn et al. (2015) and Manterola and Otzen (2017) [38, 39].</p

Comparison of studies representing the immunohistochemical marker types, tissue type and nerve tissue structures noted in literature.

Comparison of studies representing the immunohistochemical marker types, tissue type and nerve tissue structures noted in literature.</p

Table representing details of the immunological markers for nerve tissue used in the current literature.

Table representing details of the immunological markers for nerve tissue used in the current literature.</p

Simulation of proximal bone defects by performing an ETO.

(A) Removal of the femoral head. (B) First ETO saw cut in distal direction following the linea aspera. (C) Completion of the ETO in proximal direction and removal of the 120° window including the majority of the greater trochanter.</p

Fig 8 -

(A) The Prototype implants withstood a higher torsional moment to failure (p = 0.039). The Median is shown in black, the mean in red. (B) Torsional stability increased with maximum impaction forces (not significant, p = 0.326).</p

Fig 10 -

(A) Cortical bone volume removed during cavity reaming. The median is shown in black, the mean in red. (B) The torsional stability increased with bone volume removed (p 2 = 0.848).</p