Adaptive channel selection in IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH networks

Additional files 6: Table S5. Four conjugative transposon gene clusters in the Chryseobacterium indologenes J31 genome

Additional file 1 of Coexistence of blaIMP−4 and blaSFO−1 in an IncHI5B plasmid harbored by tigecycline-non-susceptible Klebsiella variicola strain

Supplementary Material

Quarterly sales volume and the proportion of antimicrobial agents sold in 2010–2012 in China.

<p>(A) The sales value of all drugs (blue bars) or antimicrobial agents (pink bars) in millions (M) of US dollars (USD) and the proportion of antimicrobial agents sold (green line). (B) The sales volume of all antimicrobial agents in minimal packaging units (green bars) and the percentage of fluoroquinolones (blue line) or cephalosporin sales (red line). Data were adapted from IMS Research.</p

Overall trends in prevalence of major antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Chinese tertiary hospitals in 2000–2011.

<p>The majority of the data were adapted from Mohnarin results, which mostly represent situations involving nosocomial infections in tertiary hospitals. The numbers in circles describe the chronology of major administrative interventions taken by the Chinese Ministry of Health. indicates the issue of “temporary rules for pharmaceutical affairs in healthcare institutions” (2002); indicates the issue of “guidance for the clinical use of antimicrobials” (2004); indicates the issue of “regulations for management of nosocomial infections' (2006); indicates the issue of recommendations for enhancing the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacterial infections (2008); and indicates the special campaign initiated in 2011. MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; ESBL (+) EC, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>; CPR-REC, ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>E. coli</i>; IMI-R PA, imipenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>; IMI-R AB, imipenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.</p

Cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles of the predominant fecal bacteria of 15 patients in follow-up samples.

<p>Clustering was performed using Dice’s coefficient and UPGMA. <b>(a)</b> Cluster analysis of the DGGE profiles from the different groups. The metric scale denotes the degree of similarity. <b>(b)</b> MDS analysis of the cluster shown in (a). The plot is an optimized 3D representation of the similarity matrix obtained from BioNumerics software, and the x-, y-, and z-axes separately represent three different dimensions: Dim 1, Dim 2, and Dim 3. The Euclidean distance between two points reflects similarity. <b>(c)</b> PCA of fecal microbiota based on the DGGE fingerprinting shown in (a). The plot is reoriented to maximize variation among lanes along the first three principal components (the contributions 11.5, 20.0 and 26.7, respectively) obtained from BioNumerics software.</p

DGGE profiles of the predominant intestinal bacteria in H7N9-infected patients.

<p><b>(a)</b> DGGE profiles of fecal bacteria in A, B and C groups. <b>(b)</b> Differences in the DGGE profiles of fecal samples taken at different time points from the same individual were apparent, particularly for patients D1, D2, D4, D5 and D7. This result suggests temporal instability in the predominant bacterial population in H7N9-infected patients with secondary infection.</p

Phylogenetic tree analysis of DGGE profiles.

<p>Phylogenetic tree of sequences constructed using the neighbor-joining method based on the DGGE profiles. The fragment sequences were named for their positions in the gels using the band-matching tool with BioNumerics software version 6.01 (Applied Math). Twenty-one band classes, indicated by black spots, displayed little variation in intensity in the follow-up samples. Seven band classes, indicated by black triangles, exhibited a increase in intensity in the follow-up samples. Six band classes, indicated by black squares, exhibited an decrease in the follow-up samples. The plot was generated using MEGA5.1 software.</p

The numbers of predominant bands were excised from the DGGE gels.

<p>Each band represents a bacterial clone. Band numbers (corresponding to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151976#pone.0151976.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a> band classes) indicated the position of bands excised for sequence analyses (e.g. ‘“20”‘ means band 20).</p

Intestinal microbial diversity comparison.

<p><b>(a)</b> Shannon’s diversity index comparison. <b>(b)</b> Shannon’s evenness index comparison. <b>(c)</b> Species richness comparison. Shannon’s diversity index and Shannon’s evenness index were lower in all infected groups compared to the control group. A decreased Shannon’s diversity, evenness and species richness in group D patients compared to patients in the A and C groups. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 <b>(d)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient C1. X axis, time of sampling. <b>(e)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient C3. <b>(f)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient C5. <b>(g)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient D3. After <i>B</i>. <i>subtilis</i> and <i>E</i>. <i>faecium</i> or <i>C</i>. <i>butyricum</i> administration, the fecal bacterial profiles of patients without antibiotics displayed a trend of increasing diversity and evenness. <b>(h)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient D5. <b>(i)</b> The changes in Shannon’s diversity and evenness in patient D7. The results showed that a trend toward increasing diversity and evenness in D3, D5 and D7 after antibiotic cessation.</p