Table1_Remdesivir in treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A renewed review of clinical trials.XLSX

Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread across the world almost through 2.5 years. As of 16 June 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide has reached 542.62 million, and the death toll has risen to 6.33 million. With the increasing number of deaths, it is urgent to find effective treatment drugs. Remdesivir, an investigational broad-spectrum antiviral drug produced by Gilead has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo. This review is aimed to analyze the feasibility of remdesivir in COVID-19 and put forward the shortcomings of present clinical studies. We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science up until 24 May 2022, using several specific terms such as “remdesivir” or “GS-5734” and “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” and retrieved basic researches and clinical studies of remdesivir in COVID-19. In this review, we summarized and reviewed the mechanism of remdesivir in SARS-COV-2, clinical trials of using remdesivir in COVID-19, analyzed the efficacy and safety of remdesivir, and judged whether the drug was effective for the treatment of COVID-19. In different clinical trials, remdesivir showed a mixed result in the treatment of COVID-19. It seemed that remdesivir shortened the time to recovery and had an acceptable safety profile. However, more clinical trials are needed to test the efficacy and safety of remdesivir.</p

Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of different bathing methods on physiological indexes and behavioral status of preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Meta-analysis of body temperature in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S2. Meta-analysis of body temperature in sponge bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S3. Meta-analysis of respiratory rate in sponge bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S4. Meta-analysis of respiratory rate in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S5. Meta-analysis of blood oxygen saturation in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S6. Meta-analysis of blood oxygen saturation in sponge bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S7. Meta-analysis of heart rate in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S8. Meta-analysis of heart rate in sponge bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S9. Meta-analysis of crying duration in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S10. Meta-analysis of stress score in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath. Fig. S11. Meta-analysis of pain score in swaddle bath vs conventional tub bath

Policy Interactions and Underperforming Emission Trading Markets in China

Emission trading is considered to be cost-effective environmental economic instrument for pollution control. However, the ex post analysis of emission trading program found that cost savings have been smaller and the trades fewer than might have been expected at the outset of the program. Besides policy design issues, pre-existing environmental regulations were considered to have a significant impact on the performance of the emission trading market in China. Taking the Jiangsu sulfur dioxide (SO₂) market as a case study, this research examined the impact of policy interactions on the performance of the emission trading market. The results showed that cost savings associated with the Jiangsu SO₂ emission trading market in the absence of any policy interactions were CNY 549 million or 12.5% of total pollution control costs. However, policy interactions generally had significant impacts on the emission trading system; the lone exception was current pollution levy system. When the model accounted for all four kinds of policy interactions, the total pollution control cost savings from the emission trading market fell to CNY 39.7 million or 1.36% of total pollution control costs. The impact of policy interactions would reduce 92.8% of cost savings brought by emission trading program

Study on the bond properties between basalt fiber-reinforced spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete and BFRP bars

Microstructural characterization of spontaneous combustion coal gangue (SCCG), the hydration products and mechanism of spontaneous combustion coal gangue concrete (SCCGC) were discerned through microscopic analysis. The bond performance was assessed employing a central pull-out test on samples variably substituted with SCCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and augmented with basalt fiber (BF) (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%). The failure mode and bonding mechanism were also revealed by this test. The bond-slip curves were fitted by various bond-slip constitutive models and a suitable model was found for each section. As indicated by the results, SCCGC possessed a lower carbon content and higher Al and Si element contents. These elements would undergo secondary hydration reactions with CH, which could enhance the strength of the ITZ and the compactness of the bond interface between BFRP bars and concrete. The failure modes were splitting and pull-out. An inverse correlation was observed between bond strength and the increment in SCCG aggregate substitution, ranging from a decline of 2.6% to 23.1%. As the BF content increased, the bond strength and peak slip increased by 3.9% ∼ 19.7% and 4.0% ∼ 14.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the reinforcing effect of BF on bond strength increased from 3.9% ∼ 10.3% to 8.8% ∼ 19.7% as the SCCG replacement rate increased, which was noticeable. The Malvar model and the Continuous Curve model were the best fitting models for the ascending and descending sections of bond-slip curves, respectively, while the residual stage was well fitted by the Hao Qingduo model.</p

Additional file 1 of Assessing the effects of tempol on renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a high-salt diet combined with 5/6 nephrectomy rat model: utilizing oxidized albumin as a biomarker

Supplementary Material

Carbon Nitride Quantum Dot-Based Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Efficient Dye Removal

Nanofiltration (NF) has been widely studied as a promising approach for dye wastewater treatment. However, low water permeance and membrane fouling are still major challenges that most current NF membranes face. Herein, we developed a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane incorporating graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) via a facile interfacial polymerization method. The introduction of CNQDs not only results in a thin and loose PA active layer that facilitates rapid water transport but also provides additional water channels via their triangular nanopores. As a result, the TFN membrane exhibits a significant increase in permeation flux (210%) while maintaining a high rejection of methyl blue (96%) compared to the pristine thin-film composite membrane. Moreover, the newly developed membrane demonstrates excellent antifouling properties for bovine serum albumin, humic acid, and lysozyme due to the synergistic effects of enhanced surface hydrophilicity and reduced surface roughness resulting from the CNQD incorporation. These findings highlight the great potential of CNQDs in designing TFN membranes with a high separation performance and antifouling properties for efficient dye removal

Hybrid Domain Meta-Learning Network for Face Forgery Detection and Localization in Deepfakes

Hybrid Domain Meta-Learning Network for Face Forgery Detection and Localization in Deepfake

Cobratoxin Alleviates Cancer-Induced Bone Pain in Rats via Inhibiting CaMKII Signaling Pathway after Acting on M4 Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is a common pain in clinics, which can reduce the quality of life and increase the mortality of patients, but the treatment of CIBP is limited. This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of α-cobratoxin on CIBP and further to explore the molecular target and potential signal pathway. As shown by the mechanical allodynia test in a CIBP rat model, administration of α-cobratoxin produced significant analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, and the analgesic effects were blocked by pretreatment with an intrathecal injection of M4 mAChR-siRNA or intraperitoneal injection of tropicamide, an antagonist of M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording showed that α-cobratoxin can decrease the spontaneous firing and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents of SDH neurons in CIBP rats. In primary lumber SDH neurons, intracellular calcium measurement revealed that α-cobratoxin decreased intracellular calcium concentration, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor and CaMKII/CREB were co-expressed. In the CIBP model and primary SDH neurons, Western blot showed that the levels of p-CaMKII and p-CREB were increased by α-cobratoxin and the effect of α-cobratoxin was antagonized by M4 mAChR-siRNA. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that α-cobratoxin downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines through M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor in SDH. These results suggest that α-cobratoxin may activate M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptor, triggering the inhibition of SDH neuronal excitability via CaMKII signaling pathway, thereby resulting in antagonistic effects in the CIBP rat model

Impact of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on TG content in liver of rats with type 2 diabetes

<div><p>Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the content of triglyceride (TG), as well as on the gene and protein expressions of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) so as to provide theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates TG. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=25), with different treatments and detected the gene and protein expressions of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, and LPL in the liver tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Meanwhile, the content of TG in the liver tissue was detected by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, LPL gene and protein in the liver of VitD intervention group was significantly higher than that in T2DM group (P <0.05), while the TG content was significantly lower than that in T2DM group (P <0.05). Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D3 can decrease the content of TG in the liver, and its mechanism may be achieved by upregulating the expressions of AdipoR2, p38MAPK, and LPL in the liver.</p></div