The forgotten legacy: oil heritage sites in Iran

During the rapid process of deindustrialization in Iran, the term ‘industrial heritage’ has recently emerged as a new subject into public realm. In order to integrate the methodologies for the protection and adaptive reuse strategies, the ‘industrial heritage’ itself needs to be divided into various categories. UNESCO has begun inscribing increasing numbers of local industrial legacies such as railway, mines, factories, assembly plants, agricultural production and manufacturing production in its World Heritage List. However, in the process of their adaptive reuse the question of heritage meanings arises. Over the past century in Iran, powerful corporate and governmental actors have created a broad range of oil imaginaries that changed over time and in line with local cultures. Starting from 1920s and after the nationalization of oil industry in Iran, oil cities such as Abadan and Masjid Suleiman saw massive expansion to house labors and oil-industry specialists who had arrived from the United States, Europe, India, and the Persian Gulf states. This research aims to clarify how the oil industry, in close collaboration with national governments, has materially shaped the oil cities through oil-specific architecture like company headquarters, gas stations, retail and infrastructure buildings. The current legacy of oil industry continues to reshape the industry, society and politics as well. This research uses a critical and analytical problem-based approach to examine the current policies that build a new image and identity through adaptive reuse strategies to promote sustainable local development in Iran’s industrial heritage

Local Sustainability with Emphasis on CPTED Approach, The Case of Ab-kooh Neighborhood in Mash-had

AbstractUnsustainability of urban neighborhoods is problems due to regarding factors such as insecurity and lack of safety. CPTED tries to analyze, evaluate and improve safety and security, which enhances urban sustainability This study attempts to promote social sustainability for infill development in Ab-Kooh neighborhood, Mashhad, which is a brownfield. Ab-Kooh is selected as the most insecure district through the fuzzy TOPSIS model, based on CPTED principles that provide guidelines to solve insecurity. Moreover, it is assumed that the improvement of social justice could create an appropriate context for proper sustainability, including economic prosperity and ecological integrity in a brownfield setting

A Model Development for Children's Walking in Neighborhood

AbstractMotorized travel mode to school affects children's interaction with the environments in their journey that causes many consequences for them. With focus on children's and parents’ perception regarding environment, this paper addresses some factors that affect children's travel mode choice in their school journey in Iran. The method used in this study was analysis of collected data through questionnaire and interview. The results revealed the relations of three significant factors influencing children's walking mode choice in their school way. Identified factors can lead to design appropriate settings in their routes that can cause benefits for children and parents

Cooperation of ordinary citizens with urban management in the third wave of Covid-19 outbreak in Iran

In response to the Covid-19 outbreak, nations worldwide imposed various restrictions on their citizens in an attempt to stem its spread. One underlying aspect of the success of these policies is people\u27s adaptation to epidemics and their continuous cooperation with urban management to adhere to precautionary measures. Otherwise, the disease incidence and death rates in the countries will not decrease. The situation that has occurred in Iran since the beginning of September and a sudden rise has put this country at the top of the daily reported deaths of Covid-19 (in proportion to the population) in October and November. Thus, this study will focus on two important Iranian metropolises (Tehran and Karaj) to understand: 1) What is the level of citizens’ cooperation in complying with Covid-19-related precautionary measures? 2) How has the level of citizens\u27 precautionary behaviors changed compared to the early days of the outbreak? 3) Is there a correlative relationship between citizens\u27 personal and socioeconomic characteristics and their level of cooperation in this period? This cross-sectional study is based on online surveys (completion of 667 online questionnaires by ordinary citizens living in Tehran and Karaj). Findings show the participation of 30.3% in implementing all precautionary measures, with women, high-income groups, unemployed people, and those without a history of Covid-19 infection having a higher odds ratio than others. In terms of citizens\u27 behavior, 21% have reduced their level of cooperation in this area, which is correlated with their personal and socioeconomic characteristics (except their city of residence)

Defining urban green infrastructure role in analysis of climate resiliency in cities based on landscape ecology theories

Cities are exposed to the risk of climate change and as a result, are very vulnerable. In recent years, to face the challenges caused by the climate change, the notion of climate resilience and specifically, urban ecological resilience, has been studied. Climate resilience is in focus of this paper and a subcategory of urban ecological resilience, which is defined as the urban resilience to the climate change. Also, urban green infrastructure has an established role as one of the strategies for adapting to climate change and for developing and promoting climate resilience in cities. Given the theoretical gap existing in this field, this question arises: "How and based on which features of the green infrastructure can we assess and analyze the climate resilience in a city?” To answer this question, the landscape ecology principles and relationship between these principles and the green infrastructure in the cities were used. The relationship was developed in the Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran and was qualitatively tested using the aerial images, field surveys and preparation of basic and analytical GIS maps. Finally, the "effective factors in assessing the climate resilience in cities using the urban green infrastructures based on landscape ecology" were obtained

Regenerating the historical axes of Isfahan, using urban design dimensions to make places for people (The Case Study of Joibareh Neighbourhood)

AbstractUrban design in the old city of Isfahan is also looking to realize the principles governing the foundation of the city, so that the particular mode of its formation as an example for the referral patterns of urban design. The main objective of this study is considered making cherished public places, to achieve this important, after introduction of one of the historical axis of old Isfahan, began to understand the organization of environmental quality and it is analyzed. Finally strategies presented in order to maintaining, creation and strengthen the principles governing the formation of urban spaces in other axes

Digital Twin: A Step Towards Smart Cities in Urban Planning, Design and Management

The city of Tehran will face various challenges in the coming years due to population growth and increasing complexity, making the tasks of urban management more complex. Most of the tools and methods available in the field of urbanism are based on static approaches and involve a limited number of stakeholders in relevant decisions. In this regard, one of the main requirements to reach the smart city is to have a digital model of the city, which is discussed in the world as "Digital Twin". Digital transformation makes more parts of planning, decision-making, and design processes clearer and more understandable to the general public. An important approach to this transformation is the digital twins of Tehran. In this regard, the main purpose of this article is to focus on introducing the concept of digital twins as a necessity in the era of smart cities and also to implement a practical way to achieve this concept in Tehran.The main research tool of this article is CityEngine software. In this research, a part of Tehran has turned into a digital model that is in line with the concept of digital twins. To achieve this, procedural modelling algorithms have been used in the CityEngine software environment. Initially, a database of descriptive data was collected to generate Tehran digital twins. Then, descriptive data are modelled by programming in the CityEngine software environment. This digital twin of Tehran with different levels of detail, in the level of urban planning, urban design, and urban management, has been programmed as a smart code that with each change in the current data, existing models and reports from the city will change immediately and will be updated with new data