Anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramen in ancient skulls: a cone beam computed tomography study in an Anatolian population

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical features of lingual foramina and their bony canals in Anatolian ancient mandibles (9–10th century) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight ancient dry mandibles were scanned with CBCT. Lingual foramina were grouped into midline, paramedian, posterior foramina and combination of these groups. Midline group was also classified according to internal surface of the mandible (gonial tubercles [GTs]). The incidence, vertical distance and diameter of lingual foramina were measured according to age groups and gender. Results: The incidence of the lingual foramen was 96.6%. Midline of the symphysis had the highest incidence (34.4%) of foramina (p < 0.05), followed by both midline and paramedian type (32.8%; p < 0.05). Classification in terms of GT represented class 3 as the most encountered group (28.6%). Number of foramina observed in the mandibles ranged from 0 to 6 with the incidence of 3.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The male and < 35 years groups presented larger measurement values in midline region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mandibular lingual foramina and bony canals are frequently present in ancient mandibles. When compared with modern subjects, similar findings are observed according to published literatures. CBCT is also proved to be an effective imaging modality in the detection of lingual foramina and canals in anthropological studies

The Hoyle and associated excited states from the viewpoint of pocket resonances in alpha + 8Be reactions

We examine the production of the Hoyle and associated excited states from the viewpoint of pocket resonances in the reaction of an $\alpha$-particle on a ground state prolate $^8$Be nucleus within the optical model coupled-channel framework. The predicted reaction cross sections, as a function of the center-of-mass energy $E_{\rm cm}$, show prominent resonances, including the Hoyle resonance. The positions and widths of these resonances are sensitive to the target deformation ($\beta_2$ parameter) and the parity of the nuclear surface potential $-$ deeper for the even-parity $L$ partial waves relative to those for the odd-parity $L$ partial waves at the surface region because of the Bose-Einstein exchange of the $\alpha$-bosons. Decomposing the reaction cross sections to different partial waves, we find that the resonance energies and widths reasonably agree with the available experimental data and previous hyperspherical calculations for the $0_2^+$ (Hoyle state), $0_3^+$, $1_1^-$ and $3_1^-$ states of $^{12}$C, except for the narrow theoretical width of the $2_2^+$ state. Analyzing the wavefunctions and the resonance widths, we identify the narrow and sharp $0_2^+$, $3_1^-$ and $2_2^+$ resonances as pocket resonances -- resonances which occur below the potential barrier, while the broad $0_3^+$ and $1_1^-$ resonances as above-the-barrier resonances. For astrophysical applications, we also evaluate the astrophysical $S(E_{\rm cm})$-factor for $E_{\rm cm}$ $<$ 1.0 MeV, for the fusion of $\alpha$+$^8$Be into the $^{12}$C$(2^+)$ state based on our estimated $s$-wave $\alpha$+$^8$Be reaction cross section and the associated $\gamma$- and $\alpha$-decay widths for the decay of $^{12}$C excited states in the potential pocket.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Assessment of paranasal sinus parameters according to ancient skulls’ gender and age by using cone-beam computed tomography

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether paranasal sinus dimensions and volume can be useful to identify gender and age estimation for ancient skulls using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.  Materials and methods: CBCT scans of 32 ancient skulls of approximately 1000 years of age were included in this retrospective study. The gender and age estimation of the skulls were made by an independent anthropologist, which was considered as the gold standard. Paranasal sinuses’ dimensions (width and height) and volumes of each sinus were measured from the CBCT data set that was linked to the three-dimensional rendering software (Anatomage, Invivo 5.2). All measurements were performed by an independent observer. Intra-observer analysis was made. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare paranasal sinus parameters in terms of age estimation and gender (p &lt; 0.05).  Results: The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference between measurements (p &lt; 0.05). The measurements were found to be highly reprodu- cible. The mean volumes of frontal and sphenoid sinus were found to be higher in males. The distance from anterior-posterior wall of sphenoid sinus in axial sec- tions is larger in males (p &gt; 0.05). The frontal sinus width and volume increased statistically with age above 60 years of age (p &gt; 0.05).  Conclusions: The paranasal volume and dimensions’ measurements from CBCT data can be a promising technique to determine gender and age of ancient skulls because of its lower voxel sizes and higher resolution.

Diagnosis and management of carotid body tumor: a report of seven cases

Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055WOS: 000314377200038Paragangliomas are rare asymptomatic painless tumors, originating from paraganglionic bodies of autonomous nerve system of the embriological neural crest and increasing gradually. Despite their gradual developing nature, it is critical to reach early diagnosis and tailor surgical plan for carotid body tumors due to their potential of being malignant and local aggressive development, as well as invasion or pressure on the adjacent vascular and neural tissues. in this article, we present seven cases who were admitted with the complaints of pain and swelling in the neck and were diagnosed with carotid body tumor based on the further investigations and were surgically treated in the light of literature review and different surgical modalities were discussed

The impact of Ki-67 index, squamous differentiation, and several clinicopathologic parameters on the recurrence of low and intermediate-risk endometrial cancer

Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) represents approximately 75-80% of endometrial carcinoma cases. Three hundred and thirty-six patients with EEC followed-up in the authors’ medical center between 2010 and 2018 were included in our study. Two hundred and seventy-two low and intermediate EEC patients were identified using the European Society for Medical Oncology criteria and confirmed by histopathological examination. Recurrence was reported in 17 of these patients. The study group consisted of patients with relapse. A control group of 51 patients was formed at a ratio of 3:1 according to age, stage, and grade, similar to that in the study group. Of the 17 patients with recurrent disease, 13 patients (76.5%) were Stage 1A, and 4 patients (23.5%) were Stage 1B. No significant difference was found in age, stage, and grade between the case and control groups (p > 0.05). Body mass index, parity, tumor size, lower uterine segment involvement, SqD, and Ki-67 index with p<0.25 in the univariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Ki-67 was statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.018); however, there was no statistical significance in SqD and other parameters. Our data suggest that the Ki-67 index rather than SqD needs to be assessed for recurrence in patients with low- and intermediate-risk EEC

Experimental study on a spark ignition engine fueled by CH4/H-2 (70/30) and LPG

In the present study, a single-cylinder four-stroke SI engine was operated with LPG (C4H10/C3H8, 70:30), hydrogen and methane mixture (H-2/CH4, 30:70). Experiments were conducted at excess air ratio between 0.8 and 1.5. Spark timing was varied from 14 to 35 degrees CA BTDC under a constant load of 6 Nm at 1400 rpm. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved