Das Problem der Intersubjektivität: Soziologische Missverständnisse der husserlschen Phänomenologie

Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass und wie die Rezeption der husserlschen Phänomenologie in der Soziologie im Wesentlichen von Schütz und Habermas geprägt wird. In dieser Rezeptionslinie geht es in erster Linie um den Nachweis, dass Husserl mit der transzendentalen Konstitution der Intersubjektivität im Rahmen seiner sog. fünften Cartesianischen Meditation gescheitert sei. Dabei ist es fraglich, ob dieser husserlsche Text überhaupt sinnvoll mit diesem Anspruch belastet werden kann bzw. sollte. Geht man stattdessen unter Rückgriff auf die philosophische Diskussion (besonders Held und Zahavi) hinter die soziologische Rezeption zurück, lässt sich mit Husserl eine auch für die empirische Forschung in der Soziologie vielversprechende Analysemöglichkeit direkter Fremderfahrung erschließen, auf die der Blick bislang versperrt war. Ihr konkreter Nutzen für die empirische Forschung als auch ihre Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe werden im Fazit aufgezeigt. This article shows that and how the reception of Husserl’s phenomenology in sociology is essentially shaped by Schutz and Habermas. This line of reception is primarily concerned with proving that Husserl failed with the transcendental constitution of intersubjectivity within the framework of his so-called fifth Cartesian meditation. It is questionable whether this Husserlian text can or should be meaningfully burdened with this claim at all. Instead, if one goes back behind the sociological reception with recourse to the philosophical discussion (especially Held and Zahavi), Husserl opens up a promising perspective to analyse forms of direct experience of the other for empirical research in sociology and to which the view has so far been blocked. Its concrete use for empirical research as well as its need for further development are pointed out in the conclusion

Intrinsic stress in thin metallic multilayers

The ePD™ process (embedded PVD for Design Parts) by Oerlikon Balzers com-bines a magnetron sputtering metallization process with a UV (Ultraviolet) lacquer painting, to replace electroplating as a metallization process for decorative interiors and exterior car parts. Since most sputtered films exhibit residual stress, understanding the origin of this stress is very important. High residual stresses in the ePD™ systems can have a detrimental effect on its appearance due to the emergence of cracks, as well as on the loss of adhesion to the substrate. In this thesis the residual stress and film structure of chromium (Cr) and zirconi-um (Zr) are studied as a function of (1) sputtering time, (2) target current, (3) sputtering pressure, (4) substrate rotation and (5) interrupted deposition. Additionally, existing models are tested which allow to predict the residual stress and therefore to deposit a stress designed layer stack. Lastly, the connection of UV lacquer thickness and residual stress is investigated. Glass substrates have been coated in a research batch coater and afterward ana-lyzed. The residual stress was determined by means of substrate curvature method as well as by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The latter was also used to evaluate the phase, tex-ture and crystalline size. The development of the film surface morphology and film structure was investigated with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, Young’s modulus and hardness of the PVD films were determined. The experiments revealed a strong connection of residual stress, texture, phase, surface morphology and film structure with the thickness of both materials. Tensile stress was observed for Cr, which also showed a rotationally random oriented (110)-out of plane fiber texture for thinner films and a single crystal-like structure for thicker films. Zirconium, always exhibiting compressive stress, showed an amorphous structure for the thin films which changes to a more crystalline structure with an increasing film thickness or by increasing the sputtering pressure. Raising the target power lead to an increase in tensile stress for Cr and an increase in compressive stress for Zr. Increasing the sputtering pressure decreased the tensile stress in Cr and increased the compressive stress for Zr. The interruption of the deposition process caused a change in the observed stress for only the thick Zr films. The existing theoretical models were able to explain the observed results and allowed to predict the overall residual stress in a Cr-Zr-Cr layer stack. The results suggest that it is possible to tailor and predict the residual stresses in PVD single films and layer stacks if the connection between process parameters and film structure evolution as well as the stress generating mechanism are known

CAD2Real: Deep learning with domain randomization of CAD data for 3D pose estimation of electronic control unit housings

Electronic control units (ECUs) are essential for many automobile components, e.g. engine, anti-lock braking system (ABS), steering and airbags. For some products, the 3D pose of each single ECU needs to be determined during series production. Deep learning approaches can not easily be applied to this problem, because labeled training data is not available in sufficient numbers. Thus, we train state-of-the-art artificial neural networks (ANNs) on purely synthetic training data, which is automatically created from a single CAD file. By randomizing parameters during rendering of training images, we enable inference on RGB images of a real sample part. In contrast to classic image processing approaches, this data-driven approach poses only few requirements regarding the measurement setup and transfers to related use cases with little development effort

CAD2Real: Deep learning with domain randomization of CAD data for 3D pose estimation of electronic control unit housings

Electronic control units (ECUs) are essential for many automobile components, e.g. engine, anti-lock braking system (ABS), steering and airbags. For some products, the 3D pose of each single ECU needs to be determined during series production. Deep learning approaches can not easily be applied to this problem, because labeled training data is not available in sufficient numbers. Thus, we train state-of-the-art artificial neural networks (ANNs) on purely synthetic training data, which is automatically created from a single CAD file. By randomizing parameters during rendering of training images, we enable inference on RGB images of a real sample part. In contrast to classic image processing approaches, this data-driven approach poses only few requirements regarding the measurement setup and transfers to related use cases with little development effort.Comment: Proc. 30. Workshop Computational Intelligence, Berlin, 202

Transition from gynaecomastia to lipomastia in pubertal boys

ObjectiveGynaecomastia is frequent in pubertal boys and is regarded as a self-limiting abnormality. However, longitudinal studies proving this hypothesis are scarce.DesignLongitudinal follow-up study (median 2.4, range 1.0-4.8 years).MethodsThe regression of breast diameter was analysed in 31 pubertal boys aged 11.7-16.1 (median 13.2) years with gynaecomastia. Furthermore, weight changes (as BMI-SDS) and pubertal stage, oestradiol [E2], oestriol, oestrone, androstenedione, testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone, gonadotropins, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 serum concentrations determined at first clinical presentation were related to breast diameter regression determined by palpation and disappearance of breast glandular tissue in ultrasound in follow-up to identify possible predictors of breast regression.ResultsDuring the observation period, the breast diameter decreased (in median -1 (interquartile range [IQR] -5 to +1) cm). At follow-up, 6% of boys had no breast enlargement any more, and 65% developed lipomastia. Gynaecomastia was still present in 29%. None of the analysed hormones was related significantly to breast diameter regression or disappearance of breast glandular tissue. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for observational period, as well as age and BMI-SDS at first presentation, changes in BMI-SDS (β-coefficient 6.0 ± 2.3, p = .015) but not the E2/T ratio or any other hormone determined at baseline was related to changes in breast diameter.ConclusionsBreast diameter regression seems not to be predictable by a hormone profile in pubertal boys with gynaecomastia. In pubertal boys presenting with gynaecomastia, conversion to lipomastia of smaller volume is common. The reduction of weight status was the best predictor of breast diameter regression

Mütter in Ost und West: Angleichung bei Erwerbstätigenquoten und Einstellungen, nicht bei Vollzeiterwerbstätigkeit

Bei der Organisation von Familien- und Erwerbsarbeit gab es vor der Wiedervereinigung große Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland. Seit der Wiedervereinigung haben sich die Erwerbstätigenquoten von Müttern mit betreuungsbedürftigen Kindern allerdings angeglichen. Dies ging einher mit einer steigenden Zustimmung zur Erwerbstätigkeit von Müttern, insbesondere in Westdeutschland. Nach wie vor gibt es allerdings Unterschiede bei der Arbeitszeit. Mütter in Ostdeutschland arbeiten deutlich häufiger in Vollzeit als Mütter in Westdeutschland. Bei Frauen jüngerer Kohorten ist die Zustimmung zur Vollzeiterwerbstätigkeit von Müttern mit Kleinkindern jedoch vor allem im Osten geringer als bei Frauen älterer Kohorten. Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob der weitere Ausbau der Tagesbetreuung in Kitas und Grundschulen hier zu einer Veränderung in den Einstellungen und damit auch in der Vollzeiterwerbstätigkeit von Müttern mit Kleinkindern führt

Visualization and thermodynamic encoding of single-molecule partition functions

Ensemble averaging of molecular states is fundamental for the experimental determination of thermodynamic quantities. A special case occurs for single-molecule investigations under equilibrium conditions, for which free energy, entropy and enthalpy at finite-temperatures are challenging to determine with ensemble-averaging alone. Here, we provide a method to access single-molecule thermodynamics, by confining an individual molecule to a nanoscopic pore of a two-dimensional metal-organic nanomesh, where we directly record finite-temperature time-averaged statistical weights using temperature-controlled scanning tunneling microscopy. The obtained patterns represent a real space equilibrium probability distribution. We associate this distribution with a partition function projection to assess spatially resolved thermodynamic quantities, by means of computational modeling. The presented molecular dynamics based Boltzmann weighting model is able to reproduce experimentally observed molecular states with high accuracy. By an in-silico customized energy landscape we demonstrate that distinct probability distributions can be encrypted at different temperatures. Such modulation provides means to encode and decode information into position-temperature space or to realize nanoscopic thermal probes.Comment: 20 Pages Main text, 5 Figures. 10 Pages Annexed tex