Relationships of crop-to-wild gene flow between field experiments (empty circles) and model-based simulation (solid curves) in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>, <i>O</i>. <i>rufipogon</i>) at various spatial distances.

<p>(A) Field experiment data from the site in Guangzhou. (B) Field experiment data from the site in Sanya [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149563#pone.0149563.ref041" target="_blank">41</a>]. Logarithmic coordinate axes (y-axis) were applied to indicate the gene flow frequencies.</p

The illustration of relative pollen release height between a pollen donor and recipient under the consideration of updraft pollen grains.

<p>The left panel indicates the relative pollen release height of monoclinous plants and the right panel indicates the relative pollen release height of diclinous plants.</p

Relationships of crop-to-crop gene flow between field experiments (empty circles) and model-based simulation (solid curves) in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) at various spatial distances.

<p>(A) Field experiment data collected in 2000. (B) Field experiment data collected in 2001 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149563#pone.0149563.ref042" target="_blank">42</a>]. Logarithmic coordinate axes (y-axis) were applied to indicate the gene flow frequencies.</p

Detail information of the five sets of gene flow data from experimental fields used for the validation of the modified model.

<p>Detail information of the five sets of gene flow data from experimental fields used for the validation of the modified model.</p

Relationships of crop-to-crop gene flow between field experiments (empty circles) and model-based simulation (solid curves) in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) at various spatial distances.

<p>A. Field experiment data collected in 2006. (B) field experiment data collected in 2007 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149563#pone.0149563.ref043" target="_blank">43</a>]. Logarithmic coordinate axes (y-axis) were applied to indicate the gene flow frequencies.</p

Relationships of canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>) to mustard (<i>B</i>. <i>juncea</i>) gene flow between field experiments (empty circles) and model-based simulation (solid curves) at various spatial distances.

<p>(A) Field experiment data collected at the site 1. (B) Field experiment data collected at the site 2 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149563#pone.0149563.ref045" target="_blank">45</a>]. Logarithmic coordinate axes (y-axis) were applied to indicate the gene flow frequencies.</p

Average values and standard errors (±) of insect damage and fitness-related traits in weedy rice parent, transgene-positive, and transgene-negative crop-weed hybrid progeny (F₄) in pure planting under natural (above) vs. low (below) insect pressure.

<p>Different letters following the average values in the same rows indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple range tests after Bonferroni correction (N = 4 plots).</p

The average number of filled seeds per plant produced by weedy rice parent, transgene-positive (W), and transgene-negative (TP) hybrid progeny under natural vs.

<p><b>low insect pressure in mixed cultivation.</b> The comparison was made between transgene-positive and transgene-negative, transgene-positive and weedy rice parent, or transgene-negative and weedy rice parent, based on the paired <i>t</i>-tests. Bars represent standard error. Levels of significance: P<0.05.</p

Insect index (%) calculated based on the ratio of blasted tillers and folded leaves on weedy parent (above) and transgene-negative hybrid progeny (below) in different cultivation modes (pure <i>vs.</i> mixed) under natural or low insect pressure.

<p>The comparison was made among pure and mixed planting under natural insect and low insect pressure. Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple range tests after Bonferroni correction. “Pure” indicates pure planting, “Mixed” indicates mixed planting. Bars represent standard error. Levels of significance: P<0.05.</p

The average number of filled seeds per plant produced by weedy rice parent (W), transgene-positive (TP), and transgene-negative (TN) hybrid progeny under natural vs. low insect pressure in pure cultivation.

<p>The comparison was made among weedy rice parent, transgene-positive, and transgene-negative hybrid progeny. Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple range tests after Bonferroni correction. Bars represent standard error. Levels of significance: P<0.05.</p