Prospectus, April 30, 1980

STUDENT GOV\u27T ELECTIONS TODAY, TOMORROW; Week in Review: World, Nation; Skyrocket interest rates force insurance borrowing; PC student heads to DC; Parkland Teacher Aide Program hosts Recognition Banquet Wed.; Illinois future can be as bright as ever; Arbor Day celebrated last Friday; Dental students to be capped; Males can survive; Women\u27s Program offers workshops; Community colleges can contribute; Open house of woods; Westerners celebrate different May Day; StuGo sponsors spring activities featuring balloons, kites, jazz; Letters to the Editor: Philemon lauded, Faculty thieves; One parent families are discussed; Cheap trick...; and Ted Nugent rock Assembly Hall; Classifieds; Dates to live by; Sports in Review: Baseball, Basketball, Hockey; Garden workshop concludes; Journ instructor gets textbook published; Forum presented Wed.; Track ready for state; Umpires clinic scheduled; Lucy coin sends Cobras to state; Cobras rounding out for sectional; New track gets workout; Parkland Baseball Statisticshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1028/thumbnail.jp

Crustacean Zooplankton Density and Biomass in Wisconsin Waters of Lake Superior 2001-2008

Crustacean zooplankton play an important role in the Great Lakes’ aquatic food chains by serving as food for many species of larval fish and for adult planktivores including rainbow smelt, chubs, and ciscoes. Dramatic changes in the density and composition of the zooplankton communities of the lower Great Lakes have been observed since the 1960s. These changes have been linked to the effects of cultural eutrophication and the introduction of exotic species, including dreissenid mussels. Variations in zooplankton biomass have already led to changes in the production of many species of forage fish in Lakes Michigan and Lake Huron. Scientists are concerned that similar changes may occur in the other Great Lakes, including Lake Superior.WI DN

Characteristics of the Duluth-Superior Harbor and Lake Superior

The twin ports of Superior, Wisconsin and Duluth, Minnesota were founded at the head of the world's greatest continuous mass of freshwater. The Laurentian Great Lakes contain about 20% of the world's freshwater resources. Half of that water is contained in the largest and most pristine of these lakes - Lake Superior. The tremendous size and purity of this water body make it one of the world's unique aquatic ecosystems. In addition to this resource, the Superior-Duluth harbor is protected by the largest natural inland sand bar in the world. Minnesota and Wisconsin Points, with a com­ bined length of over 9 miles, serve to protect what has become one of the largest and busiest ports in the world. The estuary itself contains over 11,500 acres of water and is fed by many small tributaries and two major river systems, the Nemadji and the St. Louis. The St. Louis River is the largest U.S. tributary to Lake Superior (See Figure 1)

CROSS CHANNEL HOLE AND BUNGE SLIP FISH ASSESSMENT

The Northwest Regional Planning Commission, the City of Superior and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources are with financial assistance from the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program, preparing a plan for long term disposal of materials dredged from the Superior harbor. Two of the potential disposal sites, Interstate hole and Bunge slip, are located within the Duluth-Superior harbor. An environmental assessment of the effects of dredge spoil deposition must be completed before these sites can be utilized as disposal areas. The University of Wisconsin - Superior's Center for Lake Superior Environmental studies was contracted to perform an assessment of the fish populations at the two proposed disposal sites. This assessment included an examina­tion of the utilization of the sites by both resident and transient fish populations in the harbor system

Biological Data from GLNPO's Great Lakes Open Water Surveillance Program 2001-2006

The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Great Lakes National Program Office conducts annual assessments of the aquatic communities of the Great Lakes each spring and summer. This report summarizes the results of biological analyses of the 2001 through 2006 chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate samples that were conducted by the staff of the University of Wisconsin-Superior’s Lake Superior Research Institute. Lake Superior displayed the classic characteristics of a cold-water, oligotrophic lake, with spring chlorophyll concentrations averaging less than 1 ug/L. Chlorophyll levels increased slightly during the summer months. Spring phytoplankton biomass during this study period averaged only 33 mg/m³ with diatoms contributing 36% of the biomass. Phytoplankton biomass was slightly higher in the summer than in spring. Although diatoms were still the dominant taxa found in August, seasonal changes in species composition were noted. In 2004 the composition of the summer phytoplankton community changed dramatically due to increased density and biomass of cryptophytes, cyanophytes, and dinoflagellates. Lake Superior’s zooplankton community was dominated by the large cold-water calanoid copepods Limnocalanus macrurus, and Diaptomus sicilis. While the smaller cyclopoid copepod Diacyclops thomasi was commonly found, it added little to total biomass. Crustacean zooplankton density and biomass were generally greater in summer than in the spring. Few changes were noted in zooplankton species composition or biomass during the six-year study period. The benthic invertebrate community of Lake Superior was dominated by the amphipod Diporeia, which was generally found at densities of less than 1000/m² at the deeper offshore stations. Oligochaete worms, primarily Stylodrilus heringianus, and fingernail clams in the genus Pisidium were also found in moderate densities, especially at stations in the eastern basin of the lake.US EP

Implementing WI DNR's Lake Superior Nearshore Monitoring Plan

Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Biological Data from GLNPO's Great Lakes Open Water Surveillance Program 2001-2005

The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Great Lakes National Program Office conducts annual assessments of the aquatic communities of the Great Lakes each spring and summer. This report summarizes the results of biological analysis of the 2001 through 2005 chlorophyll, plankton and benthos samples that were conducted by the staff of the University of Wisconsin-Superior’s Lake Superior Research Institute. Lake Superior displayed the classic characteristics of a cold-water, oligotrophic lake, with spring chlorophyll concentrations averaging less than 1 ug/L. Chlorophyll levels increased slightly during the summer months. Spring phytoplankton biomass was only 33,000 ug/L3 and was dominated by centric diatoms. Phytoplankton biomass was slightly higher in the summer than in spring. Although diatoms were still the dominant taxa found in August, seasonal changes in species composition were noted. In 2004 the composition of the summer phytoplankton community changed dramatically due to increased density and biomass of cryptophytes, cyanophytes, and dinoflagellates. Lake Superior’s zooplankton community was dominated by the large cold-water calanoid copepods Limnocalanus macrurus, and Diaptomus sicilis. While the smaller cyclopoid copepod Diacyclops thomasi was commonly found, it added little to total biomass. Crustacean zooplankton density and biomass were generally greater in summer than in the spring. Few changes were noted in zooplankton species composition or biomass during the five-year study period. The benthic invertebrate community of Lake Superior was dominated by the amphipod Diporeia, which was generally found at densities of less than 1000/m2 at the deeper offshore stations. Densities at many of these stations were significantly lower in 2005 than in previous years. Oligochaete worms, primarily Stylodrilus heringianus, and fingernail clams in the genus Pisidium were also found in moderate densities, especially at stations in the eastern basin of the lake.US EP

FISH POPULATION CHANGES AND THE MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGE IN AN ACIDIFIED LAKE: ACIDIFICATION TO pH 5.5

The report describes fish research on Little Rock Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin during the period from April 1, 1985 through March 15, 1987. Fish research was initiated on Little Rock Lake during August 1983 as part of a larger research program designed to determine the potential effects of acid precipitation on lake ecosystems. Research focusing on water chemistry, nutrient cycling, zooplankton dynamics, macroinvertebrates and ground water was conducted concurrently with the fish research. The complement of projects was selected to measure system response and to define effect mechanisms. A project steering committee serves to stimulate development of appropriate research designs and interactions between the scientists involved. The fish research program was designed to complement the concurrent research in addition to achieving project specific objectives

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING WALLEYE OVA SURVIVAL IN THE LOWER FOX RIVER

The Fox River is a major tributary into Lake Michigan's Green Bay with an average discharge of 117 m3 sec-1 and an average gradient of 0.81 m km-1 in the last 62 km of the river (Epstein et al., 1974). Since the early l900's the river has been subjected to a high degree of urbanization and industrialization. The construction of power dams, locks and regularly maintained navigation channels coupled with the development of an industrial setting that includes 15 pulp and paper mills and 11 municipal sewage treatment plants makes the Fox River one of the most densely developed industrial river basins in the world (WDNR 1978)