Bleeding through… compositional processes in the integration of Middle Eastern and Western art music

This thesis consists of a portfolio of 10 compositions accompanied by a written commentary with audio and video recordings of my works. These compositions span a wide variety of instrumentations from large orchestral works to solo instrumental works, of both Western and Eastern traditions, as well as vocal and live art installation pieces. Throughout the commentary I explore the continuum of how Eastern traditional idioms and Western art music play a role in the creation of my musical language. This includes an overview of the history of bi-cultural integration and an exploration of the motivations for integrating musics, both in my own work and that of other composers. I explore particular parameters within my works, focusing on the spectrums between composition and improvisation, the concepts of translation and transcription and collaborative practice with Western classical and musicians of Eastern traditional music. Additionally, I examine how my application of Eastern musical parameters and techniques are filtered through four of my other interests and influences: namely, my development of a gestural and timbral language which stems from an engagement with my approach to pitch and harmony

Crystal Engineering with 2‑Aminopurine and 2,6-Diaminopurine Derivatives: Dimers, Metallaquartets, and Halide-Bridged Clusters

Design, synthesis, and single crystal structure elucidation of modified purine ligands 2-(2-amino-9<i>H</i>-purin-9-yl) acetic acid (<b>L1</b>) and 2-(2,6-diamino-9<i>H</i>-purin-9-yl) acetic acid (<b>L2</b>) and their interaction with certain d¹⁰ transition metal ions is described. Copper complex <b>1 </b>(C₂₈H₃₄Cu₂N₂₂O₁₉) afforded a two-dimensional polymeric structure composed of metallaquartets, while corresponding silver complex <b>2 </b>(C₁₄H₂₀AgN₁₀O₈) was formed as a discrete dimer. Complexes <b>3 </b>(C₁₄H₂₄CdN₁₀O₁₀) and <b>5 </b>(C₁₄H₂₂CdN₁₂O₈), cadmium complexes of <b>L1</b> and <b>L2</b>, respectively, afforded different coordinating modes, where <b>3</b> resulted in a two-dimensional (2D) polymeric structure consisting of metallaquartets and <b>5</b> as a discrete dimeric structure, with an octahedral coordination geometry. Complex <b>4 (</b>C₁₄H₁₃Cl₁₃Hg₆N₁₀O₈) afforded a unique hexanuclear, 2D polymeric structure, supported by mercury-chloride bridges, presenting as interconnected dimeric, trimeric, and hexameric mercury halide (μ_2double, μ_3triple, and μ_6six) clusters. The potential of halide ions as bridges is interesting. We have also studied the fluorescence properties of ligand <b>L1</b> and <b>L2</b> along with complexes <b>1</b>–<b>5</b>

Crystal Engineering with 2‑Aminopurine Containing a Carboxylic Acid Pendant

This article reports synthesis, design, and luminescent properties of a series of structurally interesting coordination frameworks prepared from a modified purine ligand, 3-(2-amino-9<i>H</i>-purin-9-yl) propanoic acid (<b>L</b>). Corresponding transition metal complexes reported in this study were unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography to reveal an array of diverse crystallographic signatures reflecting crystal design around varying coordination geometries of a central metal ion. While silver complex <b>1</b> [C₁₆H₁₈Ag₂N₁₀O₅] affords formation of coordination framework with embedded dimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric metallacycles, corresponding copper complexation results in a discrete dimer <b>2</b> [C₃₂H₄₆Cl₂Cu₂N₂₀O₁₄]. Changing the counteranion from strongly coordinating chloride ion to weakly coordinating perchlorate anion resulted in the formation of a 1D coordination polymer <b>3</b> [C₁₈H₂₆Cl₂CuN₁₀O₁₄]. Cobalt complexes <b>4</b> [C₁₆H₃₂CoN₁₀O₁₂] and <b>5</b> [C₁₆H₃₀CoN₁₂O₁₆] yielded 2D grid-type assembly and a discrete dimer, respectively. Change in pH offered an interesting effect on the structural outcome of cadmium complexes: acidic and neutral conditions lead to the formation of 1D coordination polymer <b>6</b> [C₈H₁₂CdCl₂N₆O₆] and <b>7</b> [C₁₆H₂₄Cd₂N₁₂O₁₄], while basic conditions yielded an unusual porous metal organic framework <b>8</b> [C₉H₁₅CdN₅O_5.5]

Data_Sheet_2_Life Within a Contaminated Niche: Comparative Genomic Analyses of an Integrative Conjugative Element ICEnahCSV86 and Two Genomic Islands From Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T Suggest Probable Role in Colonization and Adaptation.xls

Comparative genomic and functional analyses revealed the presence of three genomic islands (GIs, >50 Kb size): ICEnahCSV86, Pseudomonas bharatica genomic island-1 (PBGI-1), and PBGI-2 in the preferentially aromatic-degrading soil bacterium, Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T. Site-specific genomic integration at or near specific transfer RNAs (tRNAs), near-syntenic structural modules, and phylogenetic relatedness indicated their evolutionary lineage to the type-4 secretion system (T4SS) ICEclc family, thus predicting these elements to be integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). These GIs were found to be present as a single copy in the genome and the encoded phenotypic traits were found to be stable, even in the absence of selection pressure. ICEnahCSV86 harbors naphthalene catabolic (nah-sal) cluster, while PBGI-1 harbors Co-Zn-Cd (czc) efflux genes as cargo modules, whereas PBGI-2 was attributed to as a mixed-function element. The ICEnahCSV86 has been reported to be conjugatively transferred (frequency of 7 × 10–8/donor cell) to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CSV89. Genome-wide comparative analyses of aromatic-degrading bacteria revealed nah-sal clusters from several Pseudomonas spp. as part of probable ICEs, syntenic to conjugatively transferable ICEnahCSV86 of strain CSV86T, suggesting it to be a prototypical element for naphthalene degradation. It was observed that the plasmids harboring nah-sal clusters were phylogenetically incongruent with predicted ICEs, suggesting genetic divergence of naphthalene metabolic clusters in the Pseudomonas population. Gene synteny, divergence estimates, and codon-based Z-test indicated that ICEnahCSV86 is probably derived from PBGI-2, while multiple recombination events masked the ancestral lineage of PBGI-1. Diversifying selection pressure (dN-dS = 2.27–4.31) imposed by aromatics and heavy metals implied the modular exchange-fusion of various cargo clusters through events like recombination, rearrangement, domain reshuffling, and active site optimization, thus allowing the strain to evolve, adapt, and maximize the metabolic efficiency in a contaminated niche. The promoters (Pnah and Psal) of naphthalene cargo modules (nah, sal) on ICEnahCSV86 were proved to be efficient for heterologous protein expression in Escherichia coli. GI-based genomic plasticity expands the metabolic spectrum and versatility of CSV86T, rendering efficient adaptation to the contaminated niche. Such isolate(s) are of utmost importance for their application in bioremediation and are the probable ideal host(s) for metabolic engineering.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Life Within a Contaminated Niche: Comparative Genomic Analyses of an Integrative Conjugative Element ICEnahCSV86 and Two Genomic Islands From Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T Suggest Probable Role in Colonization and Adaptation.docx

Comparative genomic and functional analyses revealed the presence of three genomic islands (GIs, >50 Kb size): ICEnahCSV86, Pseudomonas bharatica genomic island-1 (PBGI-1), and PBGI-2 in the preferentially aromatic-degrading soil bacterium, Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T. Site-specific genomic integration at or near specific transfer RNAs (tRNAs), near-syntenic structural modules, and phylogenetic relatedness indicated their evolutionary lineage to the type-4 secretion system (T4SS) ICEclc family, thus predicting these elements to be integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). These GIs were found to be present as a single copy in the genome and the encoded phenotypic traits were found to be stable, even in the absence of selection pressure. ICEnahCSV86 harbors naphthalene catabolic (nah-sal) cluster, while PBGI-1 harbors Co-Zn-Cd (czc) efflux genes as cargo modules, whereas PBGI-2 was attributed to as a mixed-function element. The ICEnahCSV86 has been reported to be conjugatively transferred (frequency of 7 × 10–8/donor cell) to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CSV89. Genome-wide comparative analyses of aromatic-degrading bacteria revealed nah-sal clusters from several Pseudomonas spp. as part of probable ICEs, syntenic to conjugatively transferable ICEnahCSV86 of strain CSV86T, suggesting it to be a prototypical element for naphthalene degradation. It was observed that the plasmids harboring nah-sal clusters were phylogenetically incongruent with predicted ICEs, suggesting genetic divergence of naphthalene metabolic clusters in the Pseudomonas population. Gene synteny, divergence estimates, and codon-based Z-test indicated that ICEnahCSV86 is probably derived from PBGI-2, while multiple recombination events masked the ancestral lineage of PBGI-1. Diversifying selection pressure (dN-dS = 2.27–4.31) imposed by aromatics and heavy metals implied the modular exchange-fusion of various cargo clusters through events like recombination, rearrangement, domain reshuffling, and active site optimization, thus allowing the strain to evolve, adapt, and maximize the metabolic efficiency in a contaminated niche. The promoters (Pnah and Psal) of naphthalene cargo modules (nah, sal) on ICEnahCSV86 were proved to be efficient for heterologous protein expression in Escherichia coli. GI-based genomic plasticity expands the metabolic spectrum and versatility of CSV86T, rendering efficient adaptation to the contaminated niche. Such isolate(s) are of utmost importance for their application in bioremediation and are the probable ideal host(s) for metabolic engineering.</p

Polymeric, Molecular and Ionic Organotin Complexes Containing Hypoxanthine, Adenine and 2‑Aminopurine. Synthesis and Supramolecular Structures

The reaction of L1H [L1H = 3-(N9-hypoxanthyl)­propanoic acid] with Me3SnCl or (n-Bu3Sn)2O afforded the 1D coordination polymers [Me3Sn­(L1)]n (1) and [n-Bu3Sn­(L1)]n (2), respectively. A similar reaction between L2H [3-{N9-(2-amino­purinyl)}­propanoic acid] with (Ph3Sn)2O in a 2:1 ratio afforded a dimer [(L2)­(Ph3Sn)­L2­{Ph3Sn­(H2O)}]·​3CH3OH·​3H2O (3). The reactions of 2-(N9-adeninyl)­acetic acid (L3H) and 3-(N9-adeninyl)­propanoic acid (L4H) with (Ph3Sn)2O in a 2:1 ratio afforded insoluble intractable products, which, upon addition of dilute HCl in methanol, afforded [{Ph2SnCl3­(H2O)}­(HL3Me)2Cl]·​H2O (4) and [(Ph2SnCl4)­(HL4Me)2] (5). Complexes 1–5 show an extensive supramolecular organization in the solid state as a result of several intermolecular interactions, prominent among which are the interactions between the nucleobases

Polymeric, Molecular and Ionic Organotin Complexes Containing Hypoxanthine, Adenine and 2‑Aminopurine. Synthesis and Supramolecular Structures

The reaction of L1H [L1H = 3-(N9-hypoxanthyl)­propanoic acid] with Me₃SnCl or (<i>n</i>-Bu₃Sn)₂O afforded the 1D coordination polymers [Me₃Sn­(L1)]<i>_n</i> (<b>1</b>) and [<i>n</i>-Bu₃Sn­(L1)]<i>_n</i> (<b>2</b>), respectively. A similar reaction between L2H [3-{N9-(2-amino­purinyl)}­propanoic acid] with (Ph₃Sn)₂O in a 2:1 ratio afforded a dimer [(L2)­(Ph₃Sn)­L2­{Ph₃Sn­(H₂O)}]·​3CH₃OH·​3H₂O (<b>3</b>). The reactions of 2-(N9-adeninyl)­acetic acid (L3H) and 3-(N9-adeninyl)­propanoic acid (L4H) with (Ph₃Sn)₂O in a 2:1 ratio afforded insoluble intractable products, which, upon addition of dilute HCl in methanol, afforded [{Ph₂SnCl₃­(H₂O)}­(HL3Me)₂Cl]·​H₂O (<b>4</b>) and [(Ph₂SnCl₄)­(HL4Me)₂] (<b>5</b>). Complexes <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> show an extensive supramolecular organization in the solid state as a result of several intermolecular interactions, prominent among which are the interactions between the nucleobases

Taxonomy and physiology of <i>Pseudoxanthomonas arseniciresistens</i> sp. nov., an arsenate and nitrate-reducing novel <i>gammaproteobacterium</i> from arsenic contaminated groundwater, India - Fig 2

<p><b>Growth and reductive use of different electron acceptors (NO</b>_<b>3</b>^<b>-</b><b>, NO</b>_<b>2</b>^<b>-</b><b>, As</b>^<b>5+</b><b>, Fe</b>^<b>3+</b><b>) by strain KAs 5-3</b>^<b>T</b><b>in the presence of various sugar and hydrocarbon sources as principal carbon substrates</b>: a) glucose, b) lactate, c) dodecane, and d) pentadecane.</p

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of As and other heavy metals tested for strain KAs 5-3^T and reference type strains.

<p><b>Strains:</b> 1, KAs 5-3^T; 2, <i>P</i>. <i>mexicana</i> AMX 26B^T; 3, <i>P</i>. <i>japonensis</i> 12-3^T; 4, <i>P</i>. <i>indica</i> P15^T; 5, <i>P</i>. <i>daejeonensis</i> TR6-08^T; 6, <i>P</i>. <i>suwonensis</i> 4M1^T; 7, <i>P</i>. <i>wuyuanensis</i> XC21-1^T; 8, <i>P</i>. <i>putridarboris</i> WD12^T; 9, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> NCIM 2931^T; 10, <i>C</i>. <i>metallidurans</i> DSM 2839^T.</p

Phenotypic characteristics that differentiate strain KAs 5-3^T from phylogenetically related type strains of <i>Pseudoxanthomonas</i> species.

Strains: 1, KAs 5-3T; 2, P. mexicana AMX 26BT; 3, P. japonensis 12-3T; 4, P. indica P15T; 5, P. daejeonensis TR6-08T; 6, P. suwonensis 4M1T; 7, P. wuyuanensis XC21-1T, 8, P. putridarboris WD12T. +; Positive, -; Negative, W; Weak, and ND; No data available. GW; groundwater, HCHD; hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite, SAS; saline-alkali soil, RT; rotten tree.</p