The Representation Of The United States In Mainstream English Newspapers Of Pakistan: An Analysis Of Political Cartoons (1991-2013)

Realism has always been a driving force behind the foreign policies of the United States across the world. Therefore, the US interests in geo-strategic position of Pakistan always determine the fluctuating nature of the Pakistan-United States relations. Based on this ‗interest specific‘ relationship, the representation of the United States has become an interesting dimension of Pakistani political cartoonists. Realisme sentiasa menjadi daya penggerak kepada dasar-dasar Amerika Syarikat di seluruh dunia. Kecederungan Amerika Syarikat dalam kedudukan geo- strategik Pakistan telah mencorakkan turun naiknya perhubungan di antara Pakistan dan Amerika Syarikat (Pak-US). Berdasarkan kepada kecederungan perhubungan tertentu ini dalam pembinaan imej di Amerika Syarikat, ia telah menjadi dimensi tarikan kepada kartunis politik di Pakistan

Climate Change Journalism in Pakistan: Ethical Deliberations

In the 21st century, research on climate journalism has received exponential growth globally. However, the media’s ethical role in covering climate change has not sufficiently been explored enough. In this chapter, we provide a broad overview of climate change journalism in Pakistan, the role of stakeholders that are directly involved in this crisis, and further highlighted the need to follow the UNESCO-led ethical principles and deliberations by the local climate journalism. We conclude that though a great deal of attention has been paid by the local scholars and scientists to highlight different dimensions of climate emergency, however, the findings of such research has been scant in the climate and environmental journalism practices of the country. Finally, we proposed that being as an important stakeholder, the local mass media should not only adopt UNESCO’s climate ethics but also persuade all other stakeholders to adhere to its guidelines and, eventually, influence the environmental policymaking process

Coverage Of Civil Military Issues And Social Responsibility Of Pakistani Media

Since the inception of Pakistan, the nation is gripped in political crises. Number of martial laws and rifts between civil and military leadership during democratic eras kept Pakistan under extraordinary political crises. During the two democratic regimes of Pakistan Peoples Party and Pakistan Muslim League (N) from 2008 to 2018, one more player came into the political scene of Pakistan due to the arrival of private electronic media. This study explores, assesses and recommends the required role of media in the civil military conflicts from 2008 to 2018. For this purpose ten experts were thoroughly interviewed and thematic analysis was applied to fetch the results. Findings revealed that it's the social responsibility of state institutions to legislate the new laws in order to specifically draw lines and enforce the current laws. Similarly in order to end monopoly of media houses, cross-media ownership should be banned and income generation models of Pakistani media should be revisited, so that socio-economic issues of the country are not ignored at the cost of the coverage of Civil Military issues and other popular content

Phytochemical Screening and Medicinal Properties of Caralluma Fimbriata and Moringa Oleifera

The research was intended to evaluate the medicinal properties of Caralluma fimbriata and Moringa oleifera, as these plants are well known for their therapeutic activities. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical components of these plants was used to identify the existence of potentially useful therapeutic compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were assessed and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using the DPPH assay and the protein denaturation inhibition assay, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests were utilized to determine the plant extract\u27s effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of medicinally beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the extract. The plant extracts were found to exhibit exceptional antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) and a fungal strain (Aspergillus niger). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities shown by both plants were also highly significant. Thus, in future Caralluma fimbriata and Moringa oleifera extracts might be used as herbal medicines against different ailments

Promotion of Hinduism in Children through Cartoons in Pakistan

This study is an effort to explore the promotion of Hinduism in children through cartoons in Pakistan which are based on Hindu religious topics and dub in Hindi language. Objective of the study is to probe the planned agenda of Indian media and to aware parents about the harmful effects of such productions. Social Cognitive theory is used, the methodology is survey method and questionnaire is used as tool of data collection. Sample drawn for the study is 200 of which 100 are children and 100 are parents. The results of the study reveal that children are quick learner and they copy the same which they observe in cartoons such as words of Hindi language hence, Indian cultural and religious values have started to evolve rapidly in Pakistani culture.Key words: Indian & Pakistani culture, Cartoon effects, Hindi Religion & language, Social learning behavior.Résumé Cette étude est un effort pour explorer la promotion de l’hindouisme chez les enfants à travers le dessin au Pakistan, qui sont fondés sur des thèmes religieux hindous et dub dans la langue hindi. Objectif de l’étude est de sonder l’ordre du jour prévu de médias indiens et à sensibiliser les parents sur les effets nocifs de ces productions. La théorie sociale cognitive est utilisée, la méthode est la méthode d’enquête et le questionnaire est utilisé comme outil de collecte de données. Echantillon tiré de l’étude est de 200 dont 100 sont des enfants et 100 sont des parents. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent que les enfants sont apprend vite et ils copient les mêmes qu’ils observent dans les dessins animés tels que les mots de la langue hindi par conséquent, les valeurs culturelles et religieuses indiennes ont commencé à évoluer rapidement dans la culture pakistanaise.Mots clés: Culture indienne et pakistanaise, Effets de bande dessinée, La religion Hindi et la langue, Le comportement de l’apprentissage social

Political Satire & ‘Brazen Censorship’: Cartooning, Pakistan-US-India Political Ties & Government Backlash

Popular discourses assume that in the world of political cartooning, nothing is too sensitive and too outrageous; they can intimidate and instigate the powerful stakeholder of a country. Political cartoonists have capacity to criticize and comment on serious political matters and raise voices of general public but it is only possible if their political system provide freedom to them to play withtheir pens and brushes. This study primarily aims at drawing the attention to the point that how the dynamics of free speech and freedom to political cartooning in Pakistan have been changed with the same patterns of depiction of the United States-Pakistan-India relationships in different political eras and state foreign policies of the county. Therefore, political cartoons from three highest circulated newspapers (The News, Dawn and Nation) were selected from post-Cold war (January 1991) to March 2020. Political cartoons only related to Pakistan-United States-India political ties were analyzed under the Barthes’ model for Semiotic

Frequency and associated factors for care giving among elderly patients visiting a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To study frequency and associated factors for care giving among elderly Patients visiting a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Community Health Centre (CHC), Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan from September to November 2009. All individuals, visiting the CHC and aged 65 years or above were interviewed after taking written informed consent. Results: A total of 400 elderly completed the interview. Majority were females, 65-69 years age, More than half of the individuals ie: 227 (85%) had received Care Giver experience for assistance and among these 195(72%) had care provided by an immediate family member. A large proportion of them stated that their Care Givers managed to provide less than four hours in a day for care giving. Around 37% showed substantial improvement in their relationship with the care givers. About 70% of the respondents stated that the care provided by the Care Giver improved their quality of life. Conclusion: Elderly care is provided by majority of the family members resulting in increased satisfaction level, however small number still not satisfied due to unfulfilled need of these older people. This demands that efforts should be made to strengthen the family support by increasing awareness regarding elderly care and arranging support system by the government

The Weight of Words and Limit to Freedom of Expression: A Journalists’ Perspective in Pakistan

Freedom of Expression is one of the most widely protected and debated constitutional right. It can be traced in almost all parts of the world. When it comes to guarding basic rights and especially with respect to freedom of expression it is also protected in Pakistan‟s constitution. The Article 19 of Constitution of Pakistan defends the right to freedom of expression of its citizens but freedom of expression is still not being a cherished idea in Pakistan. Therefore. this study is designed to understand the factors influencing the freedom of expressions in Pakistani media. This study also aims to investigate the role of pressure groups in cribbing media freedom of expression. To fulfill the purpose of the study, survey method is used, 100 Lahore based Journalists who are working in electronic media are selected through simple random sampling. The responses of the journalists are analyzed under agenda setting theory. This study concludes that Pakistan media is not working freely. Journalists in Pakistan agree that they face restrictions from pressure groups. According to them, Military and political groups are the strongest pressure group that influence the freedom of expression in Pakistani journalists. As this research points out the impact of pressure groups on media content and also indicates that how media content is mold according to the perception of pressure groups.&nbsp

Trace Out the Improvement Level and Awareness of Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) among General People and Educational Institute of Developed and Developing Countries

One of the most prevalent hormonal problems which affect women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It consists of several fundamentals, including reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular ones, and has effects on the patient\u27s health throughout the duration of their life. Limited data is available on PCOS in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of our study is to trace out the prevalence of PCOS in developed countries like America and China as well as developing countries like Pakistan. The study was done in the above mention developed and developing countries through the interviews of people by online questionnaire. This survey research was completed in April 2023 to July 2023. 560 responses were collected during the studied duration. We have seen that the females of 24 year age have maximum effects of PCOS. According to this survey 74.4 % unmarried females are affected by PCOS. According to our finding 71.8 % affected females were reported in developing countries and 28.2 % females are reported in developed countries. Our survey also shows that irregular menstrual cycle, hair loss and hair thinning, weight gain or difficulty in weight loss, acne or oily skin, excessive hair growth are the some common symptoms of PCOS. Hormonal birth control, insulin sensitizing medication, Anti-androgen medication, fertility treatment, life style changes like diet, exercise and surgery are the some treatments that were received for PCOS by affected females. We recommended that more awareness is required in both developed and developing countries through TV, Radio, Newspapers and social media plate forms