A: Volume measurement of iodine deposition in patients with a (residual tumor) and without a residual tumor (no residual tumor) in the arterial (art) and venous (ven) phases represented as the mean + standard error of the mean (SEM).

The volume of iodine depositions did not differ significantly (ns = not significant) between the arterial and venous phases of patients with a residual tumor (arterial volume: 12.28 ml ± 3.06; venous volume: 12.25 ml ± 2.99) and those without a residual tumor (arterial volume: 8.44 ml ± 1.85; venous volume: 8.13 ml ± 1.79).</p

Baseline characteristics of all patients.

Baseline characteristics of all patients.</p

Comparison of enhancement scores relative to non-contrast densities (mean+SEM).

Relative enhancement scores (enhancement score / non-contrast density) in patients with three-phasic computed tomographies (n = 25) did not lead to a better differentiation between patients with and without a residual tumor (-0.09 ± 0.02, n = 14 and -0.01 ± 0.02, n = 11; p < 0.05).</p

Example measurement.

Measurement of the density and area of iodine depositions using a polygon ROI in Syngo.via. The polygon ROI was plotted around the iodine depositions of HCC, previously treated with cTACE in a superselective manner.</p

Measuring the density of iodine depositions: Detecting an invisible residual tumor after conventional transarterial chemoembolization - Fig 6

A: ROC curve of enhancement scores of patients with and without a residual tumor; B: ROC curve of relative enhancement scores (enhancement score / non-contrast density) of patients with and without a residual tumor. The differentiation between patients with and without a residual tumor was slightly better using enhancement scores (area under the curve = 0.80; p p < 0.05).</p

Measuring the density of iodine depositions: Detecting an invisible residual tumor after conventional transarterial chemoembolization - Fig 5

A: Computed tomography in the arterial phase of a patient with a hidden residual tumor; B: DSA of the same patient unveiling the hidden residual tumor. Measuring the density of iodine depositions in this patient, an enhancement score of 17.50 clearly revealed a hidden residual tumor beyond the iodine depositions that was diagnosed afterward in the DSA.</p

Enhancement scores (mean + SEM) of patients with and without a residual tumor.

The enhancement score of patients without a residual tumor (-13.97 ± 2.88) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared to patients with a residual tumor (1.41 ± 3.59).</p

Graphical illustration of Pearson’s product moment correlation of SUV_max vs. ADC _aver.

<p>The scatter plot demonstrates a weak negative correlation between SUV_max and ADC_aver (R = −0.24), which is statistically not significant (p = 0.179).</p

Patient with a biopsy proven prostate cancer of the right transitional zone (Gleason score 3+4 = 7).

<p>Images from simultaneous [¹⁸F] choline PET/MRI. A) T2-weighted image showing an ill-defined hypo-intense lesion of the right transitional zone. B) Diffusion-weighted image at a b-value of 1000 displaying a hyper-intense signal within the lesion indicating restricted water diffusion. C) ADC map with a corresponding hypo-intensity of the lesion. D) PET image showing a focal uptake of (18F) choline of the lesion. E) Fused MRI/PET image.</p

Patient with a biopsy proven prostate cancer (Gleason score 3+4 = 7) of the left peripheral and transitional zone. Images from simultaneous [¹⁸F] choline PET/MRI.

<p>A) T2-weighted image displaying a large hypo-intense lesion of the left peripheral and transitional zone. B) Diffusion-weighted image (b = 1000) showing a hyper-intense signal of the lesion. C) Corresponding ADC map with a hypo-intense delineation of the lesion. D) PET image indicating of focal choline uptake of the lesion. E) Fused MRI/PET image.</p