Two-dimensional N=2\mathcal{N}=2 Super-Yang-Mills Theory

Supersymmetry is one of the possible scenarios for physics beyond the standard model. The building blocks of this scenario are supersymmetric gauge theories. In our work we study the $\mathcal{N}=1$ Super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with gauge group SU(2) dimensionally reduced to two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ SYM theory. In our lattice formulation we break supersymmetry and chiral symmetry explicitly while preserving R symmetry. By fine tuning the bar-mass of the fermions in the Lagrangian we construct a supersymmetric continuum theory. To this aim we carefully investigate mass spectra and Ward identities, which both show a clear signal of supersymmetry restoration in the continuum limit.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, talk presented at the 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 18-24 June 2017, Granada, Spai

A Morphology--Cosmology Connection for X--Ray Clusters

We employ N--body/$3D$ gas dynamic simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters to determine whether cluster X--ray morphologies can be used as cosmological constraints. Confirming the analytic expectations of Richstone, Loeb, \& Turner, we demonstrate that cluster evolution is sensitive to the cosmological model in which the clusters form. We further show that evolutionary differences are echoed in the gross morphological features of the cluster X--ray emission. We examine current--epoch X--ray images of models originating from the same initial density fields evolved in three different cosmologies: (i) an unbiased, low density universe with \Omega_o \se 0.2; (ii) an unbiased universe dominated by vacuum energy with \Omega_o \se 0.2 and \lambda_o \se 0.8 and (iii) a biased Einstein--deSitter model (\Omega \se 1, $\sigma_8=0.59$). Using measures of X--ray morphology such as the axial ratio and centroid shifting, we demonstrate that clusters evolved in the two low $\Omega_o$ models are much more regular, spherically symmetric, and centrally condensed than clusters evolved in the Einstein--deSitter model. This morphology--cosmology connection, along with the availability of a large body of cluster X--ray observations, makes cluster X--ray morphology both a powerful and a practical cosmological discriminant.Comment: (uuencoded, compressed postscript, 9 pages including figures), CFA-370

The Problem of Interracial Marriage and the Church

The title and subject of this thesis is defined largely by its scope. In this paper we are thinking of interracial marriage almost exclusively in terms of Negro-white relationships. Unless otherwise qualified such terms as intermarriage, race mixture, amalgamation, miscegenation, and others, should always be taken in that sense

On the Landau-gauge adjoint quark propagator

Quarks in the adjoint representation have been a subject of study for both conceptual and practical purposes. Conceptually, their differences when it comes to confining and chiral symmetry properties has long been suspected to hold important information on the relation of these two distinguished properties of QCD-like gauge theories. Practically, they have been studied as both a possibility to access finite density quark systems as well as candidate theories for technicolor in beyond-the-standard-model settings. The most elementary object describing such particles is their propagator, though it being gauge-dependent. Its properties in the minimal Landau gauge are investigated here both in the quenched and unquenched case for a range of lattice parameters using the Wilson formulation for the gauge group SU(2). It is found that the propagator shows pronounced differences to the case of fundamental quarks, especially towards the chiral limit.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, 3 table

Spread Trading in Brent Crude Futures - A stochastic approach to intraday calendar spread trading

In this thesis, we propose an intradaily spread trading strategy based on a stochastic process model. We go on to examine whether this strategy can be profitably applied in Brent Crude oil futures markets over the Jan-2015 to Apr-2018 period. For this purpose, tick-by-tick trading data of 63 unique Brent Crude oil futures contracts are used to construct intradaily data sets with 5-minute resolution. By considering the 9 most liquid futures contracts and by constructing 18 different calendar spreads for trading, we perform a thorough backtest of the intradaily trading strategy. Under optimistic assumptions, our strategy achieves a maximum Sharpe ratio of 4.3. Under conservative assumptions, however, Sharpe ratios are negative for all parameter choices. We conclude that intraday spread trading in Brent Crude futures based on the stochastic process model put forward in this thesis is not profitable. Although we show that such strategies may be highly profitable under optimistic assumptions, we emphasize that results are very sensitive to small changes in bid-ask spreads and the timing of trade execution. As these model parameters are difficult to estimate correctly without order book data, we conclude that a cautious approach should be taken when implementing these parameters in a backtest

Duplication of Serial Set publications in the American State Papers: an annotated inventory

Includes bibliographical references (page 22).Article and Appendixes: Foreign Relations, Indian Affairs, Commerce & Navigation, Post Office, and Miscellaneous tables.The American State Papers collection of Congressional and Executive Branch publications, which in total number more than 6,300 documents, not only covers the fourteen Congresses before the initiation of the Congressional Serial Set in Dec. 1817 but for the final three-fifths of the collection overlaps chronologically with the first two decades of the Serial Set. Over 2,650 of the American State Papers publications reprint, with some occasional minor alterations and a few major ones, Reports and Documents originally published in the Serial Set. This paper provides for the first time an annotated list of all those duplicated publications

The Lonesome Place

Edited by Beatriz Ribeir

Two-dimensional N = (2, 2) super Yang-Mills theory on the lattice

Supersymmetry is one of the possible scenarios for physics beyond the standard model. By introducing a symmetry between bosons and fermions, it might be able to solve several theoretical problems while providing dark matter candidates. As all supersymmetric extensions of the standard model are based on strongly coupled gauge theories, we need non-perturbative methods, to fully investigate them. In this thesis we use lattice calculations, to investigate the two-dimensional N = (2, 2) super Yang-Mills theory, which we derive by a dimensional reduction of the four-dimensional N = 1 super Yang-Mills theory. Unfortunately our lattice formulation breaks supersymmetry explicitly. Thus we devote the first part of the thesis to present the lattice theory and analyze it thoroughly. First we have to discretize Majorana fermions, which leads to a real but not necessarily positive fermion determinant. Second, the classical potential of the scalar fields posses flat directions. Both problems could thwart our lattice simulations. Fortunately, as we demonstrate, both of them are absent in our simulations. At last, we show that the lattice theory posses only one relevant operator, the scalar mass, whose value in the continuum limit is known. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the numerical results. Introducing an additional fine-tuning of the fermion mass, we can reduce the influence of supersymmetry violating terms. Calculating lattice Ward identities, we show the restoration of supersymmetry in the chiral and continuum limit. Finally we calculate the lowlying bound states and extrapolate their masses to the continuum limit. We find two super-multiplets, as predicted from low energy effective theories. The first is the Farrar-Gabadadze-Schwetz super-multiplet which decouples from the theory. The second is the Veneziano-Yankielowicz super-multiplet which becomes massless in the chiral limit. We are further able to estimate the masses of the excited mesons of the latter. They are of the same size as the mass of the gluino-glueball.Supersymmetry ist ein mögliches Konzept, das Physik jenseits des Standardmodells beschreiben könnte. Durch die Einführung einer Symmetrie zwischen Bosonen und Fermionen werden einige theoretische Probleme gelöst und Kandidaten für die Dunkle Materie eingeführt. Da alle supersymmetrischen Erweiterungen des Standardmodells auf stark gekoppelten Eichtheorien beruhen, benötigen wir nichtperturbative Methoden, um sie vollständig zu untersuchen. In dieser Doktorarbeit nutzen wir Gitterrechnungen um die zweidimensionale N = (2, 2) superymmetrische Yang-Mills Theorie zu untersuchen. Wir erhalten dieses Model durch eine dimensionale Reduktion der vierdimensionalen N = 1 supersymmetrischen Yang-Mills Theorie. Unglücklicherweise bricht unser Gitterformalismus die Supersymmetry explizit. Daher nutzen wir den ersten Teil der Doktorarbeit, um unsere Gittertheorie vorzustellen und sorgfältig zu untersuchen. Zuerst müssen wir Majorana Fermionen diskretisieren. Dies führt zu einer reellen aber nicht notwendigerweise positiven Fermionendeterminante. Weiterhin besitzt das klassische Potential der Skalarfelder flache Richtungen. Beide Probleme könnten unsere Simulation unmöglich machen. Glücklicherweise können wir zeigen, dass beide in unserer Simulation abwesend sind. Zum Schluß zeigen wir, dass die Gittertheorie nur einen relevanten Operator, die skalare Masse, besitzt, deren Wert für den Kontinuumslimes bekannt ist. Im zweiten Teil der Doktorarbeit präsentieren wir die numerischen Resultate. Durch die Einführung und Feinabstimmung eines zusätzlichen Parameters, die Fermionenmasse, können wir den Einfluss von Operatoren, die Supersymmetrie brechen, reduzieren. Durch die Berechnung von Gitterwardidentitäten können wir die Wiederherstellung der Supersymmetrie im chiralen und Kontinuumslimes zeigen. Zum Schluß bestimmen wir das Spektrum der leichten Bindungszustände. Wir finden zwei Supermultiplets. Das Erste ist das Farrar-Gabadadze-Schwetz Supermultiplet, welches von der Theorie entkoppelt. Das Zweite ist das Veneziano-Yankielowicz Supermultiplet, welches im chiralen Limes masselos ist. Zusätzlich können wir auch die Massen der angeregten Zustände für das Letztere bestimmen. Sie sind von der gleichen Größenordnung wie die Masse des Gluino-Glueballs

LKP : Penyutradaraan dalam Pembuatan Video Company Profile Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Sutradara adalah orang yang bertugas mengarahkan sebuah film atau video sesuai dengan script atau naskah yang telah disusun bersama. Seorang sutradara juga berperan dalam membimbing kru teknisi dan para pemeran film dalam merealisasikan kreativitas yang dimilikinya. Sutradara bertanggung jawab atas aspek-aspek kreatif pembuatan film, baik interpretatif maupun teknis. Ia menduduki posisi tertinggi dari segi artistik dan memimpin pembuatan film tentang "bagaimana yang harus tampak" oleh penonton. Selain mengatur laku di depan kamera dan mengarahkan akting serta dialog, sutradara juga mengontrol posisi gerak kamera bersama dengan penata fotografi atau DOP, suara, pencahayaan, dan hal-hal lain yang menyumbang kepada hasil akhir sebuah film. Selain itu sutradara juga turut terlibat dalam proses pembuatan film mulai dari pra-produksi, produksi, hingga pasca-produksi. Video profil merupakan sebuah media elektronik untuk menyampaikan informasi yang sangat efektif dalam memperkenalkan suatu perusahaan atau lembaga melalui media visual. Maka semua informasi dapat dengan mudah dicerna oleh semua kalangan masyarakat melalui Video Profil tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu ilmu untuk mempelajari penyutradaraan untuk menjadi seorang sutradara yang baik dalam konteks perfilman ataupun videographer dalam sebuah video pendek. Di Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur yaitu sebuah sekolah yang berada di tengah ibu kota negara maju yaitu Kuala Lumpur, peran videographer dibutuhkan dan dicari untuk membuat video profil sekolah yang akan digunakan sebagai promosi sekolah. Oleh karena itu penulis melakukan kerja praktik di Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur. Sehingga dalam penulisan laporan Kerja Praktik ini diambillah judul " Penyutradaraan Dalam Pembuatan Video Company Profile Sekolah Indonesia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia