Effect of Glutaraldehyde Concentration Variation toward Properties and Performance of Composite Membrane (Chi-Mmt) for DMFC Application

Membrane CS/MMT-GA were synthesized by inversion phase method. In this study, CS as matrix, MMT as filler and GA as cross linking agent. CS-GA-MMT showed high performance as good candidate for DMFC. The best composition was obtained to CS/MMT-GA2 with highest proton conductivity and lower methanol permeability

EFFECTS OF SULFOSUCCINIC ACID TO THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR DMFC APPLICATION

Membrane is the main component of a fuel cell that serves as a separator between the cathode and anode as well as a proton conductor medium. In this research, chitosan (CS) had been used as matrix and montmorillonite(MMT)as filler. Prior to be used, the filler was modified by silane 10%, and sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) was used as cross linking agent. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of the addition of sulfosuccinic acid to the special properties of composite membrane. The optimum composition obtained was CS/MMT-Sil 10%/SSA 12%, which shows the highest proton conductivity and the lowest methanol permeability. The usage of combined CS, MMT and SSA could be considered as a promising polyelectrolyte membrane for DMFC applications

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Metanol Terhadap Sifat Permeabilitas Metanol Membran Komposit Kitosan/ Monmorillonit Termodifikasi Silan 10%

Membran komposit yang terdiri dari kitosan sebagai matriks dan monmorillonit sebagai telah berhasil dibuat. Kitosan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan membran memiliki derajat deasetilasi (DD) sebesar 70,225 %. Monmorillonit yang digunakan telah dimodifikasi dengan silan 10 %. Membran komposit tersebut dibuat untuk mengetahui sifat permeabilitas metanol pada lima variasi konsentrasi metanol yang digunakan. Konsentrasi metanol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 M. Sifat – sifat membran yang dikarakterisasi yaitu gugus fungsi, water uptake, dan methanol uptake, sedangkan uji kinerja membran dilakukan dengan pengukuran permeabilitas metanol. Nilai permeabilitas yang diperoleh semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi metanol yang digunakan. Permeabilitas metanol tertinggi yang diperoleh sebesar 4,7771 x 10-5 cm2/s pada konsentrasi 1 M dan 2 M, sedangkan nilai permeablitas metanol terendah sebesar 1,9108 x 10-5 cm2/s pada konsentrasi metanol 5 M

Metaphysics in the Epistemology : A Critical Analysis of Islamic and Western Philosophical tradition

Western epistemology was greatly influenced by Greek philosophical ideas. In the course of history, Epistemology has been dominated by patterns of thought that are rational, secular and free from religious values and beliefs. History shows that the Western Epistemology turned into a large school that became dominant: in the form of rationalism, empiricism, criticism, and intuition. Although it has various methods and approaches to acquire knowledge, in principle the building and its foundation have the same way of thinking that comes from a philosophy that upholds the mind and also relies on human sensory abilities. The West denies revelation as a source of knowledge and for Islam, revelation is the highest source of knowledge. Authentic revelation is the Qur'an and Hadith. The result of this paper shows Western epistemology has a foundation and roots that are based on philosophical thinking that is far from the touch of religious values. Western epistemology in its manifestations is then limited to the acquisition of knowledge about the visible world such as sensory nature and not touching on other realms. Western epistemology focuses more on reason and senses as the main source of science, dichotomization, anthropocentrism, opposition to the spiritual dimension, relentless uncertainty, secularization, desacralization, and empiricism. While tthe Islamic epistemology views both sensory and metaphysical objects and recognizes the three sources of knowledge at once namely senses, reason, intuition. Each of these sources has different levels of ability so they cannot be separated and must be used proportionally. The object of knowledge in Islam is not only empirical, but also metaphysical. The source of knowledge in Islam is also different from Western epistemology. If the West only recognizes the senses and ratios, then in the Muslim view, knowledge comes from God obtained through: the senses are healthy, khabar sadiq, and intuition

Effect of Calcium Carbonate as Filler at the Chitosan/Calcium Carbonate Composite Membrane

Chitosan; calcium carbonate; DMFC; thermal stability Membrane is the most important part of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) because of its function as a proton transfer. The purpose of this research was studying the effect of calcium carbonate filler to the performance of chitosan (CS)/Calcium Carbonate (CC) composite membrane using 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; and 0.10 g of CC. In this study, CS/CC membranes showed high performance for DMFC application. The best concentration of CS/CC was obtained with 0.06 g of CC based on proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and TGA measurements

MSOC Preview: Eagles And Blue Devils Set To Tangle On ACC Network Extra Tuesday Night

MSOC Preview: Eagles And Blue Devils Set To Tangle On ACC Network Extra Tuesday Night GS travels to Durham, N.C. to take on Duke in second nationally-televised game of seaso

Physical and Chemical Properties of Gelatin from Red Snapper Scales : Temperature Effects

The extent of applications in various fields makes the need for gelatin continue to increase in the global market. Fish gelatin is an alternative to mammalian gelatin and its use is more universal because it can be consumed by all religious followers. The high variability of fish gelatin properties is caused by the availability of many extraction methods to obtain it. This preliminary study was carried out to find the optimum range of gelatin extraction procedures using Red Snapper scales because it had not been widely studied, although it was reported that gelatin yield was not significantly different from the bone and skin part. The optimum condition of the extraction procedure was obtained by pre-treatment using 5 % CH3COOH with extraction temperature of 60 °C which produces 58.19% swelling of fish scales and yield of gelatin is 8.76% with the moisture quality of 6.68%, pH of 6.225, viscosity of 15.54 cP and the melting point of 60 °C. The functional groups of gelatin was also successfully confirmed by FT-IR spectra

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis Kalium Karbonat pada Proses Depolimerisasi Limbah Botol Plastik Polietilen Tereftalat (PET)

Proses depolimerisasi limbah botol plastik polietilen tereftalat (PET) berhasil dilakukan dengan melalui metode glikolisis dengan pereaksi etilen glikol dan katalis kalium karbonat. Glikolisis dilakukan selama 8 jam pada suhu 196°C. Katalis kalium karbonat divariasi melalui perbandingan mol PET:katalis. Perbandingan mol PET(unit berulang):katalis yang digunakan adalah sebesar 88:1, 78:1, 68:1, 58:1, 48:1, 38:1, 28:1 dan 18:1. Hasil PET yang berhasil terkonversi maksimal menjadi bis(hidroksietil) terftalat (BHET) dilaporkan pada perbandingan mol PET:katalis 28:1 yaitu sebesar 55,95%. BHET dari perbandingan mol 28:1 tersebut diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR untuk mengkonfirmasi gugus-gugus OH–, C-O dan C=O. Titik leleh BHET sebesar 109,98°C didapatkan melalui analisis DSC/TGA