Eksistensi Lembaga Bantuan Hukum sebagai Perwujudan Asas Equality Before The Law

This study discusses the existence of Legal Aid Institutions in providing legal assistance, and the implementation of the provision of legal assistance to the community so as to realize the principle of equality before the law. Research locus was conducted in South Sulawesi Province (LBH Makassar, PBHI) and in Gorontalo Province (LBH FSE Sultan Amai Gorontalo IAIN, LBH Ichsan, YLBHI). The results showed that the existence of Legal Aid Institutions can provide satisfaction and a positive response from the community who consider that when dealing with the law it must be expensive but with the existence of legal aid institutions the poor can get free legal services at no cost, but there are still many poor who do not yet know about the existence of facilities and containers provided by the State in terms of providing free legal assistance. The implementation of legal assistance which is the goal of legal aid agencies for the poor has been carried out well even though in the field implementation many obstacles have been encountered in maximizing legal aid services at the research sites

Torrefaction of Municipal Solid Waste in Malaysia

Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main issues towards sustainable development in Malaysia. Current practices for MSW disposal such as landfilling and incineration poses a serious problems on the environment and health. Therefore a significant efforts have been made to utilize MSW for energy source by employing gasification process. However, the MSW is characterized by its high moisture content and low high heating value (HHV) which lowering the energy efficiency. In order to overcome this problems, torrefaction can be used as pretreatment method to remove the moisture content and upgrading MSW properties. The objective of this work is to study the effects of torrefaction temperatures ranging from 240 to 330°C for residence time of 30 minutes on two types of MSW namely food waste and wood waste. The torrefied MSWs are characterized in terms of ultimate analysis, proximate analysis and HHV. The mass and energy yields are also performed for both MSW. Based on the torrefaction, it was found that both food waste and wood waste show an increment on the weight percentage of C contents and decrement on the weight percentage of H and O content which resulting into reduce O/C ratio as the temperature is increased. The HHV for both food waste and wood waste are also increased after torrefaction between 240 and 330°C. The mass yield and energy yield were found to decrease with an increase in the torrefaction temperature. This suggests that torrefaction can be used as an effective MSW pretreatment and the torrefied MSW is more suitable to be used as fuel in gasification process

Corporate sustainability priorities, elements and business areas

Corporate sustainability is one of the vital corporate agenda.Its pragmatic and profound impact on business strategy and operations could lead to achieving competitive advantage in the long run. This paper investigates the sustainability priority, elements and business areas among Malaysian public listed companies.Three sectors of industry namely; consumer, trading and industrial companies were selected and surveyed using mail survey method.Our findings show that majority of the companies put a high priority on sustainability initiatives.However, only a few companies claimed that they have a management council or special committee to manage sustainability efforts.This study also identifies energy usage, water usage, recycling, employee well-being and community involvement as the top five elements of sustainability. As for the business area’s priority in sustainability initiatives, the findings show that operations (processes) and customer use of products were ranked as the highest business areas’ priority, followed by facilities (building), supply chain (supplier product selection), distribution and logistics, product design and end of life product disposal/recovery.These results suggest that corporate leaders are well informed of the sustainability initiatives and opportunities across their entire value chai

Challenges in Attracting Local Workforce in Family Business

5Ds Enterprise, a family business, was established in 2002.The case focuses on the challenges faced by Mr Jack, the owner of 5Ds Enterprise in his effort to attract and retain the local workforce in his firm. Having a patriotic heart, Mr Jack was always inspired and felt motivated in supporting and contributing towards national well-being and development.Although his firm offered good employment with good pay, 5Ds failed to get hold of workers from the local people of his own nation.As a result, he had to rely on the foreign workforce.This case highlights various challenges in recruiting and retaining the local workforce.The case stimulates students or participants to critically analyse the types of workforce management strategies and exercises that would help Mr Jack to engage the local workforce into his firm.Moreover, the case provides a good opportunity for students to understand the potentials and challenges in managing a family business

Systematic Procedure for Generating Operational Policies to Achieve Target Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) in Batch Cooling Crystallization

Batch cooling crystallization is one of the important unit operations involving separation of solid-liquid phases. Usually the most common crystal product qualities are directly related to the crystal size distribution (CSD). However the main difficulty in batch crystallization is to obtain a uniform and reproducible CSD. Therefore supersaturation control can be applied to drive the process within the metastable zone and thereby enhance the control of the CSD. Although this approach has been shown to produce high quality crystals, the set point operating profiles for the supersaturation controller are usually chosen arbitrarily or by trial-and-error. Therefore there is a need for a systematic procedure to generate operational policy that guarantees the target CSD can be achieved. Furthermore, to predict the desired crystal morphology by means of model-based approaches, appropriate models covering the effects of the various operational parameters on the behavior of the crystals are necessary. That is, generic multi-dimensional model-based framework that covers a wide range of crystallization models and operational scenarios. The objectives of this work are to develop a systematic procedure for generating operational policies to achieve target CSD for batch cooling crystallization. In this procedure, an analytical CSD estimator will be employed to generate an operational policy. The estimator is based on the assumptions of constant supersaturation and an operation that is dominated by size dependent growth. The generated operational policy provides the supersaturation set point and by maintaining the operation at this point, a target CSD is achieved. Different operational policies that yield the same target CSD are then generated and compared with the CSD performance. All the operational policies generated by analytical CSD estimators are in this way validated with closed loop control. Here the generic multi-dimensional model-based framework for batch cooling crystallization has been developed and integrated with the monitoring and control procedure. Through this generic multi-dimensional model-based framework, a “specific” model can be generated and be used for closed loop control to verify the operation policies. Finally the performance between simulation models and analytical estimators will be compared and the best performance will be analyzed in term of CSD obtained, mean size diameter and total crystal mass. In this paper, the application of systematic procedure is illustrated for the potassium dichromate case study

Za’Ba, Melayu dan kolonialisme Inggeris / Noor Aziera Mohamad Rohana … [et al.]

Abad ke-19 mencatatkan sejarah kemunduran bagi kehidupan masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu akibat kedatangan penjajah Inggeris ke tanahair. Misi menguasai negara berikutan keperluan bahan mentah semasa menyebabkan rakyat di Tanah Melayu hidup mengikut corak yang dibawa sekaligus mengubah cara hidup yang gemilang sekitar abad ke-15 menjadi tamadun yang ketinggalan. Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk meneliti cabaran semasa masyarakat Melayu sekitar abad-19M. Kertas kerja ini juga bertujuan menganalisis usaha ZA‘BA dalam mengenalpasti masalah kemunduran masyarakat Melayu. Metode kajian yang digunakan ialah kajian kepustakaan (literature review) menerusi kaedah analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kedatangan Inggeris ke Tanah Melayu memberi kesan negatif kepada kehidupan masyarakat Melayu pelbagai aspek dari segi mental dan fizikal. Perubahan ini mendorong kepada kebangkitan seorang anak Melayu, iaitu ZA‘BA yang berusaha untuk mengenalpasti dan mengatasi permasalahan yang melanda kehidupan masyarakat