Analysis of Epidemiological Surveillance Activity of the COVID-19 at Surabaya Airport Indonesia on January 2020

The Surabaya Port Health Office (PHO) Class I is tasked with the disease prevention by detection, response and protection at entrance gates for the sea- and airports and over the state cross-border posts regarding Public Health Emergency of International Concern situation of COVID-19. This analysis aims to assess activities of early warning alert and response system to COVID-19 at Juanda International Airport on January 2020 and provides recommendations to enhance the system in the future. The method used includes interviewing four informants, studying of documents and directing field-observation by following regular activities of PHO representatives, who supervise, inspect General Declarations, distribute, and collect the Health Alert Card (HAC) and monitor body temperature of travelers. The analysis uses a system approach (input, process, output) and a 4M model with modification by adding time, technology and information variables. Activities in the early warning alert and response system of COVID-19 are in accordance with the Preparedness Guidelines by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The outputs of reported activities have been classified as appropriate. The HAC form is lacking as a source of COVID-19 surveillance with regards to address information, which often being misinterpreted by travelers. It is necessary to add additional questions regarding the destination address of travelers in Indonesia, and to educate on how to fill in a HAC correctly through a completed example form; communication and direction from Surabaya PHO Class I operatives are also necessary so that the effectiveness of HAC can be maximized

Post Hypertension and Stroke: A Case Control Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes  (p=0.015 ; OR=5,7), and unhealthy diet (p= 0,00; OR = 5,7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly influence stroke are smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet.Conclusion of this study was smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet are factors that influence the incidence of stroke. Maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining a diet, and not smoking are precautions should be taken in order to prevent stroke

TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN EAST JAVA FROM 2014 TO 2017

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a major public health problem marked by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to first line anti TB drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid simultaneously. A patient confirmed as having MDR TB can transmit this form of TB to other individuals. Therefore, treatment success is the main target when addressing MDR TB. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of MDR TB patients in East Java Province from 2014 to 2017. Method: This is a quantitative-descriptive study using the secondary data of drug resistant TB patients sourced from the e-TB Manager website in the East Java Province Health Office. Results: The results show that the average MDR TB patients was 47 years old, 57.44% were male, 37.52% had a negative HIV status, 44.87% were relapse patients, 71.95% had undergone two or less previous treatments, and 69.24% had sputum culture conversion. The treatment outcomes included 161 patients (31.14%) confirmed as cured, 27 patients (5.22%) completing treatment, 174 patients (33.65%) defaulting, two patients (0.38%) confirmed as having failed treatment, and 59 patients (11.41%) dying during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low and the number of defaults was high. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be support from those closest to the patient and health workers who will maintain and increase the patient's motivation to complete the treatment

Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)

COPD mengacu pada serangkaian gangguan di mana aliran udara terbatas karena kelainan saluran napas atau alveolar dan di mana gejala pernapasan bertahan dari waktu ke waktu. Penyakit ini hasil dari kontak yang terlalu lama dengan zat beracun. Ketika peradangan terus-menerus hadir, saluran udara menyempit, mengurangi recoil paru. Berkurangnya partisipasi dalam aktivitas sehari-hari dikaitkan dengan kualitas hidup yang lebih rendah bagi penderita COPD, dan kondisi yang disebutkan di atas dapat berkontribusi pada hal ini. Para peneliti di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga ingin mengetahui seberapa besar dampak merokok terhadap kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian analitik observasional cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel berturut-turut digunakan untuk memilih 90 peserta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari rekam medis, sedangkan data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada pasien di Klinik Paru RSUA. Dalam penelitian ini, kebiasaan merokok partisipan dijadikan sebagai variabel bebas. Sementara kualitas hidup menjadi fokus penelitian ini yang merupakan variabel dependen. Uji chi-square dilakukan pada data. Di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga, pasien dengan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih buruk secara signifikan jika mereka merokok (p=0,023). Oleh karena itu, kecenderungan seseorang untuk merokok berpotensi berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup mereka jika mereka menderita PPOK. Oleh karena itu diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan kepada pasien PPOK terkait dengan akibat perilaku merokok kepada kualitas hidup

Ownership of mother and children's health book and complete basic immunization status in slums and poor population

Background: The percentage of complete immunization in urban areas is higher than rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between ownership of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books with Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in slums and poor areas. Design and Methods: A rapid survey was conducted in selected slums and poor groups based on medical records from Public Health Center. Informants were mothers with a sample of 325 infants aged 12 to 23 months. Results: The lowest coverage of CBI for slum and poor residents is Pasuruan, which is 55.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between ownership of MCH books and the complete coverage of basic immunization in Malang (P=0.000; PR=3.682); Pasuruan (P=0.002; PR=1.854); Sidoarjo (P=0.000; PR=4.042); Surabaya (P=0.000; PR=2.425). Conclusions: It is recommended that the government should improve access to complete immunization programs in slums and poor population

Analisis Faktor Risiko Modifikasi Penyakit Jantung Koroner Di RSU Haji Surabaya Tahun 2019

Latar Belakang: Pola penyakit saat ini mengalami transisi epidemiologi dibuktikannya dari perkembangan penyakit tidak menular yaitu penyakit jantung. Penyakit jantung khususnya jantung koroner ini termasuk penyakit yang menduduki tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas nomor satu di dunia. Menurut World Health Organisation diperkirakan angka kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner meningkat hingga 23,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko modifikasi terhadap penyakit jantung koroner yaitu hipertensi, diabetes melitus, aktivitas fisik, dan perilaku merokok di RSU Haji Surabaya tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case-control. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu pasien PJK atau tidak PJK di RSU Haji Surabaya. Kriteria inklusinya pasien terdiagnosis PJK atau tidak di ruang rawat jalan/inap/khusus RSU Haji Surbaya, serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini 200 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling.Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel hipertensi memiliki hubungan terhadap penyakit jantung koroner (p-value = 0,00, p<0,05), variabel diabetes melitus memiliki hubungan terhadap penyakit jantung koroner (p-value= 0,00, p<0,05). Nilai OR pada hasil penelitian variabel hipertensi dan diabetes melitus tidak dapat dihitung. Variabel aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p-value = 0,017; OR = 0,184; 95%CI=0,039-0,861) dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Sedangkan hasil yang tidak beruhubungan yaitu pada variabel perilaku merokok (p-value = 0,250; OR=1,463; 95%CI=0,764-2,802) terhadap penyakit jantung koroner. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Sedangkan perilaku merokok tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner

Development of a Mobile App for Smoking Cessation: a Qualitative Study

Smoking is a public health concern in Indonesia. A challenge facing Indonesian healthcare system is that the use rate of in-person smoking cessation counseling is low due to smokers’ concerns about their privacy. This challenge has limited the ability of Indonesian health researchers and policy makers to develop and implement evidence-based practices to prevent smoking. The development of digital technologies in Indonesia has offered various opportunities to address this issue. Mobile devices are ubiquitous in Indonesia and have the potential to deliver counseling services for smokers. This study was part of the Mobile Application System for Smoking Cessation program and aimed to investigate the culturally-tailored features of mobile apps to prevent smoking in Indonesia. Data were collected through structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among Indonesian policy makers and experts from universities and NGOs. We also reviewed relevant documents recommended by participants. We found that to develop a culturally-tailored mobile app for smoking cessation in Indonesia, it is important to understand smokers’ characteristics, smoking status, smoking behavior, and level of motivation to quitting smoking. We also found that following the World Health Organization’s 5A (Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange) and 5R (Relevance, Risk, Reward, Roadblocks, Repetition) strategies is a key to improve the feasibility and acceptability of a smoking-cessation mobile app. App-based interventions need to be integrated with the practices performed by counselors and health workers and should be easily accessed by smokers

Analysis of Monitoring and Evaluation System Development of Smoke-Free Area in Indonesia

The World Health Organization Bulletin data show that Indonesia\u27s compliance score for non-smokers\u27 protection efforts was 0.1 in 2016. This research aims to analyze the need for data, information, and indicators to support the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of Smoke Free Area (SFA) in Indonesia through system analysis. This is an operational research study using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and document methods. The research series at early stage in the development of an evaluation and monitoring system, utilizing a system develop-ment cycle approach. Data is collected by the SFA task force and the community based on system components. The results of this study show that the entity responsible for conducting the monitoring and evaluation of SFA is the Task Force and community. The new potential data and information that has not been existed in the previous system are community as the potential data source of monitoring SFA, strategic data for SFA including the existence of self-service machines for selling cigarettes, and socialization of SFA regulation, monitoring and evaluation as a strategic activity to improve the result of SFA regulation, institution status of SFA and changes in smoking behavior. The information generated by the monitoring and evaluation system includes the SFA status of the institutions which is used for decision making to support the SFA program and the tobacco control program. Continuous monitoring and evaluation are important to ensure policy effectiveness, identify components for improvement or expansion of policies, and increase stakeholder and public support to strengthen or develop SFA policies

Aplikasi Web SIKESMAS (Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat)

Sikesmas merupakan sistem informasi sistem kesehatan masyarakat yang menampilkan data yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan masyarakat yang melibatkan interaksi antara Dinas Kesehatan, Puskesmas, Posyandu, Posbindu, Sekolah dan Keluarga. Sistem Sikesmas ini meliputi Data Statistik Vital, Data Kelahiran, Tumbuh Kembang, Anak Usia Sekolah, Data Perilaku, Kecelakaan, Maternal, Data Kematian Dan Laporan

Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Passive Smokers

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications of other diseases. The modifiable risk factors for T2DM are overweight, physical activity, hypertension, unhealthy diet, and smoking. This study aimed to analyze determinants of T2DM incidence in passive smokers among various factors. This study was conducted at Hospital X in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from September 2019 to April 2020. The variables were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Case samples were T2DM patients and passive smokers, while control samples were non-T2DM patients and passive smokers, with 52 respondents per group, of 104 total respondents. Variables statistically significant related to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers were age >45 years, level of education (not attaining primary school), lack of physical activity, and hypertension. While, the variables having no relation were sex, occupation, sedentary lifestyles, income, and genetics. The multivariate analysis showed that age was a major factor contributing to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers at Hospital X Surabaya. In brief, age is the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers