Optimal operating strategy for wells with downhole water sink completions to control water production and improve performance

Downhole water sink (DWS) technology is an alternative to conventional limited-entry completions to control water production in wells with bottom water drive. DWS wells comprise two completions: the bottom completion produces water and keeps the top completion open to oil inflow. The system performance depends on careful manipulation of the top and bottom rates to maximize oil productivity and produce oil-free water from the bottom completion. Conventional nodal analysis cannot provide a solution for DWS wells because the critical rates for water coning change with water drainage rate. A reservoir simulator is used to model two-phase flow to the dual completions. Suites of related simulations are created and managed using algorithms to generate inflow performance relationships and build accompanying tubing performance models. A nodal analysis approach for dual completed wells is proposed. The approach identifies the operational range of top and bottom rates with water coning at the top completion and oil-free water production at the bottom completion subject to a range of practical operational constraints such as maximum drawdown. Because the operational range changes in time, optimization methods must evaluate the dynamic performance and maximize the well\u27s discounted revenue by appropriately scheduling the best top and bottom production rates. New successive nodal analysis and stepwise optimization methods evaluate the best performance for a given moment and time increment. This localized strategy is compared with two algorithms that optimize the entire production schedule globally rather than sequentially - a conjugate gradient method (CGM) and a hybrid CGM-polytope method. Operating strategy can be optimized to maximize oil production early in wells\u27 life using water drainage. Hybrid optimization (global search) finds the best solutions, but demands considerable computation. Stepwise (localized) optimization technique perform nearly as well for rate scheduling, final recovery, well life, and cumulative water production, and these methods are significantly more efficient computationally compared to the hybrid method. All the optimization methods analyzed in this study (static, stepwise, and global strategies) suggest that better well productivity can be achieved by maintaining low water saturation around the producing completion with DWS completions

Search for Flavour Changing Neutral Currents through Single Top-Quark Production at √s= 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

Flavour changing neutral current processes are highly suppressed in the Standard Model due to the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism. However, many extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of these processes with higher branching fractions, where some are within the reach of the current particle accelerators. In this thesis, an experimental search for flavour changing neutral currents during single top-quark production in proton–proton collisions at the LHC is presented. The main search process involves the interaction of an up- or charm–quark with a gluon, producing a single top quark, which then decays into a W boson and a b quark. The W boson then decays leptonically. The data collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 from the 8 TeV centre-of-mass energy collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1 are used. The signal- and background-like events are classifed using neural networks. As no sign of signal is observed, an upper limit on the production cross-section multiplied by the t → Wb branching fraction is set. The observed 95 % CL limit is σqg→ t × B (t → Wb)ugt/Λ -3 TeV-1 and κcgt/Λ -3 TeV-1 and on the branching fractions B(t → ug) -5 and B(t → cg) -5

Evaluation of the facial nerve and internal auditory canal cross-sectional areas on three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition magnetic resonance imaging in Bell’s palsy

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the facial nerve (FN) and internal auditory canal (IAC) on three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define possible structural differences in cases of Bell’s palsy (BP). Materials and methods: Fifty-six patients presenting with BP were included in this study. The measurements of the diameters and the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the FNs and IACs obtained on 3D-FIESTA MRI both on the affected and unaffected sides of all patients were compared. Results: A significant difference was found between affected and unaffected sides of the patients in terms of the mean CSA of the FN and IAC (P < 0.001). The CSAs of the FN were larger and the CSAs of the IAC were smaller on the affected sides than the equivalents on the unaffected sides of the patients, respectively. The difference in terms of the ratios of IAC CSA to FN CSA between affected and unaffected sides of the patients was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We have found that FN and IAC size differ on the affected sides of patients with BP. These anatomical differences may contribute to the risk for this disease

Türkiyede ki futbolcuların lig düzeylerine göre sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik inançlarının karşılaşırılması

Bu çalışmanın amacı, süper lig (N=48) ve ikinci lig de oynayan (N=53) futbolcuların sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik inançlarını incelemektir. Sporculara Sürekli Sportif Kendine Güven (TSCI), Durumluk Sportif Kendine Güven (SSCI) ve Öz Yeterlik (SES) ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Süper lig oyuncularının verilerine yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucu, durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri (r =.492), sürekli sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri (r =.493) ve durumluk sportif kendine güven ile sürekli sportif kendine güven düzeyleri (r = .766) arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Ayrıca ikinci lig oyuncularının durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri (r = .227) arasında anlamsız bir korelasyon, sürekli sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri (r = .271) ve durumluk sportif kendine güven ve öz yeterlik düzeyleri (r = .787) arasında ise anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Çok yönlü varyans analiz sonuçlarına gore, super lig ve ikinci lig oyuncularının öz yeterlik inançları arasında anlmı bir fark vardır (F(1,99) = 7.188, p = .009). Doğrulayıcı regresyon analizi sonucu, hem super lig hem de ikinci lig oyuncularında, sürekli sportif kendine güven düzeyi durumluk sportif kendine güven düzeyi ve öz yeterlik inancı için için önemli bir belrileyici olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, super lig ve ikinci lig oyunucuları benzer sportif kendine güven düzeylerine sahip iken öz yeterlik inanmçları açaısından ayrılmaktadırlar.The purpose of the present study was to examine the sport confidence and self-efficacy beliefs in football players participating in either super league (N = 48) or second league (N = 53). Athletes completed the Trait Sport Confidence Inventory (TSCI), State Sport Confidence Invetory (SSCI), and Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Pearson Moment Correlation results indicated a positive significant relationship between State Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacy levels (r = .492), Trait Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacty levels (r = .493) and State Sport Confidence and Trait Sport Confidence levels (r = .766) of the Super League players. Results also revealed a non-significant relationship between State Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacy levels (r = .227) and a postive significant relationship was found between Trait Sport Confidence and Self-Efficacty levels (r = .271) and State Sport Confidence and Trait Sport Confidence levels (r = .787) of the Second League players. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) analyses revealed significant differences between the Super League and Second League players' self-efficacy beliefs (F(1,99) = 7.188, p = .009). The linear regression results revealed that for both the Super League and Second League players, trait sport- confidence predicted state sport-confidence and self-efficacy. Finally, it was revealed that the super league and second league football players were similar with regard to sport confidence, whereas, they had different self-efficacy beliefs

Üçüncü Ur Hanedanlığı’nın Yıkılış Sürecinde Nüfus Baskısı, İklim Değişikliği ve Tahıl Kıtlığı

Mezopotamya’da kurulan ilk kent devletlerinden beri tahıllar, siyasi ve ekonomik süreci belirleyen en temel gıda maddeleridir. Doğal ve siyasi faktörlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan tahıl kıtlıkları devletlerin yıkılmasına yol açmıştır. MÖ 2200 dolaylarında başlayan 4,2 ka iklim olayı, Mezopotamya’nın coğrafi ve siyasi yapısını değişime uğratmıştır. Kuzey Mezopotamya’daki yerleşik ve göçebe toplumlar, aşırı kuraklıklar nedeniyle güneye göç etmiştir. Güney Mezopotamya’daki toplumlar ise nehir kaynaklarını bir süre daha kullanmaya devam etse de tarım arazileri, sürekli olarak nehir sularıyla sulanması sonucunda tuzlanmaya bağlı olarak çoraklaşmış ve bu durumda tahıl kıtlıkları meydana gelmiştir. Üçüncü Ur Hanedanlığı’nın kurulduğu dönemde bu kıtlıkların devam ettiği görülmektedir. Kıtlıklara önlem almak amacıyla tarım arazileri nadasa bırakılmış ve drenaj sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Ancak Amurru göçlerinin devam etmesi nedeniyle kentlerde ortaya çıkan nüfus baskısı, tarım topraklarında sürekli olarak ekim yapılmasını gerektirmiştir. Üçüncü Ur Hanedanlığı’nda yaşanan bu tahıl kıtlıklarıyla vergi sistemi bozulmuş, tayınlar arpa ile ödenememiş ve tapınaklara adak olarak sunular hayvanların sayısı azalmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra arpanın gümüş karşısında aşırı değerlenmesi neticesinde, arz-talep dengesi bozulmuş ve krallık ekonomik olarak çöküntüye uğramıştır. Bu gelişmelerin akabinde Elam saldırıları başlamış ve krallığa bağlı bazı kentler bağımsızlığını ilan etmiştir. Tüm bu olayların sonucunda Üçüncü Ur Hanedanlığı yıkılmıştır

Applicability Of Education To Better Their World Approach (Ebtw) In Science And Art Centers

Marc Prensky; çocukların hem yaşadıkları dünyayı hem de kendilerini daha iyi bir noktaya taşıyabilmelerini hedefleyen “Çocukların Dünyalarını Geliştirme Eğitimi” (ÇDGE) adında bir yaklaşım ortaya atmıştır. Bu yaklaşımın temel hedeflerinden biri; ilk ve orta öğretim seviyesinde öğrenim gören genç kuşağın, gerçek dünya problemlerinin farkına vararak, sahip oldukları becerilerle ve kendilerine rehberli0k edecek eğitmenlerin yardımıyla tespit ettikleri sorunlara çözüm üretmesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ÇDGE yaklaşımının üstün ve özel yetenekli öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde (BİLSEM) uygulanabilirliğinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında BİLSEM’de görev yapan öğretmenlerden oluşan toplam 13 katılımcının görüşleri alınmış ve STEM, Sosyal Bilimler ve Sanat dallarındaki toplam 6 derste gözlem yapılmıştır. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olarak hazırlanmış ve durum çalışması şeklinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre; BİLSEM’lerin, farklı düşünmeye katkı sağlayan, esnek müfredat anlayışı olan ve proje tabanlı öğrenme anlayışıyla öğrencilerin gelişimlerine katkı sağlayan kurumlar olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca ÇDGE’nin etkili düşünme, etkili eylem ve etkili ilişkiler başlıkları altındaki Problem Çözme, Yaratıcı Düşünme, Odaklanma, Gelişim, Maharet, Proje Yönetimi gibi becerilerin yapılan tüm gözlemlerde gerçekleştiği bulgularına ulaşılırken, Stres Kontrolü, Finansal Düşünme, Politika, Merhamet, Vatandaşlık ve Pazarlık gibi beceriler gözlemi yapılan derslerde gerçekleşmemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda öneriler getirilmiştir.Marc Prensky has developed an approach named “Education to Better Their World” that aims at bringing children to a better place both in the world they live in and themselves. With this approach, it is aimed that the young generation in the primary and the secondary education levels will be able to realize real world problems and provide solutions to the them with the help of the skills they have and the instructors who guide them. In this study, it is aimed to determine the applicability of the EBTW approach in Science and Art Centers (BILSEM) in Turkey where superior and talented students are taught. Within the scope of the research, a total of 13 participants, including teachers working at Science and Art Centers were interviewed in 2017-2018 and a total of 6 lessons including STEM, social sciences and art courses, were observed, social sciences and arts branches. This research is a qualitative study and it is designed as a case study. In the analysis of collected data, content analysis technique which is frequently used in qualitative research is used. According to the findings obtained in the research, it was found that Science and Art Centers were institutions contributing to the students’ personal development and thinking skills with project-based learning approach which has a flexible curriculum and understanding contributing to project knowledge and different thinking. The findings of the EBTW approach as effective thinking, effective action and effective relations under the headings of problem solving, creative thinking, focusing, development, dexterity and project management have been found to be actualized in all observations. In addition, Skills such as Stress Control, Financial Thinking, Policy, Compassion, Citizenship and Bargaining have not taken place in the observed courses. Some recommendations were made related to the findings

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Suprapatellar Fat Pad Impingement Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

Objective: Peripatellar fat pads are extrasynovial intracapsular fat tissues. Suprapatellar, perifemoral, and infrapatellar (Hoffa fat pad) fat pads are included in the peripatellar fat pad. This study aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome, describe their prevalence and pattern, and look into the relationship between their MRI and clinical signs. Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively analyzed 5,700 patients’ knee MRI data between December 2010 and December 2015. We documented the MRI findings that were associated with suprapatellar fad pad impingement syndrome. The correlations between age, osteoarthritis, chondromalacia, and the patellofemoral joint were evaluated using Pearson’s correlations. Results: In our study group, the prevalence of suprapatellar fat pad impingement was 5.3%. Of the patients 52% were men and 48% were women. Patients who were admitted to the clinic complained of non-specific pain in 80.3% of patients. Twenty-seven patients (8.9%) presented with isolated suprapatellar impingement syndrome; 185 (60.9%) showed an increase in intra-articular fluid; 4 (1.3%) had synovitis findings; 17 (5.6%) had medial collateral ligament tears; 107 (35.2%) had quadriceps femoris tendinitis; 8 (2.6%) had patellar tendinitis; 80 (26.3%) had a medial meniscus tear; 23 (7.6%) had Baker’s cyst; and 30 (9.9%) had soft-tissue edema. Medial meniscus degeneration was observed in 51 (16.8%) patients, Hoffa edema was observed in 31 (10.2%) patients, and anterior cruciate ligament tears in 3 (1%) patients. There were positive correlations between age and osteoarthritis (r=0.4660, p<0.05), between chondromalacia and the grade of the chondromalacia (r=0.5198, p<0.05), and between lateral subluxation and lateral tilt as opposed to the normal patellofemoral relationship (r=0.3171, p<0.05).in patients with suprapatellar fat pad impingement. Conclusion: The most common symptom of suprapatellar impingement, that is one of the major causes of anterior knee pain, is non-specific pain. The most common additional MRI findings are increased intra-articular fluid and quadriceps femoris tendinitis

The effect of 10 weeks of karate training on the development of motor skills in children who are new to karate

This study investigated the effect of a 10-week karate training program on the motor skill development of 5-7-year-old children new to karate with two different test batteries. A total of 28 participants were included in the study: 18 in the Karate group and 10 in the control group. The karate group was subjected to a fundamental karate training (kihon) program consisting of 90-minute sessions four days a week for ten weeks in addition to physical education classes at their schools. In contrast, the control group did not participate in any sportive activities except physical education classes in their schools. Data were collected using the Eurofit test battery and the TGMD-2 test. In the pre-post test comparison of the anthropometric measurements of the karate group, no significant difference was found in the control group. In contrast, a significant difference was obtained in height, body mass index, and body fat percentage. In the post-test analysis of the two independent groups, there were statistically significant differences in favor of the karate group regarding height and body fat percentage (p &lt; 0.005). In the pre-post analysis of the Eurofit test and the TGMD-2 for the karate group, all parameters showed statistically significant improvements (p &lt; 0.001), while the control group showed no statistical difference. After comparing the karate and control groups, the Eurofit Test and TGMD-2 post-test results showed significantly higher scores (statistically significant differences) in all parameters for the karate group. In conclusion, the study shows that the 10-week karate training program positively affected the motor development of the participating children