Diabetic Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Amplas Primary Health Care in Medan City

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most complicated complications of diabetes patients with Type 2 diabetes. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy based on Clinical Neurological Examination (CNE) and the factors that influence the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 DM patients at Amplas Primary Health Care (PHC) in Medan City. METHODS: The research design was descriptive-analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The study population was all Type 2 DM patients who came to Amplas PHC with a total sample of 53 people using the consecutive sampling. The research data source is primary data, namely the assessment of diabetic neuropathy using the Clinical Neurological Examination (CNE) criteria. Data were processed using SPSS and analysis using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The results showed the majority of Type 2 DM patients had mild neuropathy as many as 24 people (45.3%). The Chi-square test results showed there was a relationship between age and duration of diabetes with the incidence of diabetic neuropathy in Type 2 DM patients at Amplas Primary Health Care. CONCLUSION: Education and early detection with proper management can prevent more severe complications so that the quality of life of patients can be maintained better

Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Penderita Tuberculosis dengan Multidrug Resistant (TB-MDR)

This study aims to determine the relationship of family support to medication adherence in MDR-TB patients. This research method is descriptive correlation with cross sectional research design. The research sampling technique is total sampling. The results showed that adherence to taking medication in MDR-TB patients was more commonly found in good family support, namely as many as 23 respondents (92.6%), the results of the chi-square test obtained a p-value = 0.000 meaning there was a relationship between family support medication adherence in MDR-TB patients. In conclusion, there is a relationship between family support and medication adherence in MDR TB patients.   Keywords: Family Support, Medication Compliance, MDR-TB

Model Promosi Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Melalui Program Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA)

This study aims to identify an effective health promotion model in efforts to prevent stunting through the Maternal and Child Health program at the Tembilahan Health Center, Riau Province. This research is a quantitative research using Quasi Experiments with a pre and post-test control group design approach. The research sample was 102 women of childbearing age, namely 34 people in each group who were taken using the consecutive sampling technique. Data collection using a questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using paired t-test statistics. The results showed that there were differences in the increase in knowledge in the treatment group p=0.000 (p<0.05) and there were differences in attitudes in the treatment group and the control group p=0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, a health promotion model that is effective in providing increased knowledge is a health promotion model of lectures and leaflet media and a health promotion model that is effective in providing attitude changes is a health promotion model of lectures and video media.   Keywords: Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Stunting

RELATIONSHIP OF ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS WITH ADHERENCE IN TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN MEDAN, INDONESIA

  Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of attitudes and perceptions about tuberculosis (TB) with adherence to the treatment of TB patients in Medan.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design. The target population was all patients who admitted to seven primary health centers (PHCs) in Medan. Samples were new TB patients aged >18 years old, with the result of acid-fast bacilli (+) (n=100). Assessment of behavioral adherence, attitudes, and perceptions of treatment were done based on treatment behavior instruments that had been validated and analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that 55% of the patients adhered to their medication. There was a relationship between attitude and adherence of TB treatment (p<0.05). However, there is no wrong perception correlation with treatment adherence (p>0.05). A good attitude increased 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1624; 8549) times for adherence to TB treatment.Conclusions: The positive attitude of the TB patients improved TB treatment behavior. Structured education provided by doctors and TB officers in PHC should be done to improve the knowledge and attitude of TB patients

Risk Factors Associated with Premature Hair Greying of Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Many researchers have been indicated that premature hair greying (PHG) may be associated with the multifactorial problem include genetic, trace elements deficiencies and some medical problems such as metabolic disorders. However, the risk factors for premature hair greying are not well known for young adult. AIM: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hair greying in young adult. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study recruited 100 respondents of a college student at the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) with the inclusion criteria: male, less than 25 years old with hair greying and not have skin pigmentation disorders. The questionnaires about greying of hair status, family history of greying and history of family disease were collected by self-report. RESULTS: The age of participants in this study was 20.09 ± 2.01 years (mean ± SD). The mean onset of PHG was 15.23 ± 3.52 years (range: 9 – 22 years). The family history of PHG was 39% with paternal in 262%; maternal in 10%% and both parents in 3%. There was a significant difference between several grey hairs with a family history of PHG P = 0.045. The family history with metabolic disorders; hypertension was 29%, obesity was 25%, and diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 15%. Limitations: Owing to the use of questionnaires, the possibility of recall bias exists. The young female was not evaluated in this study. CONCLUSION: The family history of PHG and onset of greying are important risk factors associated with PHG of a young adult

The Difference in Effect of Arabica Coffee Gayo Beans and Leaf (Coffea Arabica Gayo) Extract on Decreasing Blood Sugar Levels in Healthy Mice

BACKGROUND: High incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) and increased incidence of complications from DM as well as the use of less effective antidiabetic drugs and high financing to treat demands alternative therapy. AIM: This study was conducted to determine the difference in the effect of Arabica coffee gayo bean and leaf extract on blood sugar levels in healthy mice before and after the intervention of extract and fasting and postprandial blood glucose level after consumption of glucose. METHODS: This research is an experimental research study. The study used experimental animals which were divided into 8 groups which are the control group (Aquadest), group given Acarbose, the group given the Arabica coffee gayo bean extract with dosage of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg in healthy mice, the group given the Arabica coffee gayo leaf extract with dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg and 120 mg in healthy mice. RESULTS: The results of the study obtained are before and after the intervention of extract showed the difference of p= 0.523 and after consumption of glucose the fasting and postprandial result showed the difference of p = 0.005. CONCLUSION: The use of Arabica coffee gayo bean and leaf extract showed a high decrease in blood glucose levels (BGL) compared to the control group

The Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Blood Lead Levels and Short-term Memory of Chronically Exposed Children: A Clinical Trial Study

AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in supplementation group before treatment was 2.1 μg/dL and after treatment was 0.01 μg/dL (p < 0.01); difference between median in BLLs after treatment in supplementation group was 2.090 μg/dL (p = 0.004). Score memory picture in the supplementation group before treatment was 61.4 ± 24.83 and after treatment was 76.21 ± 15.97 (p<0.01). Score memory digital span in the supplementation group before treatment was 5 (3–7) and after treatment was 7 (5–7) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Three months of oral calcium supplementation 400 mg twice daily for high-risk chronic lead poisoning children reduced BLLs significantly and improved their short-term memory

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC WITH KNOWLEDGE OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN MEDAN CITY

 Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between personal characteristics with knowledge of antibiotics usage in Medan.Methods: This research is an analytic research with cross-sectional approach. The data collection process was conducted in November 2013. The study population is the people residing in the district of Medan Johor; subjects are 336 people which enrolled by consecutive sampling technique. The data were obtained by interview using questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was done using Chi-square statistical test using SPSS program.Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge of the Johor subdistrict community on the antibiotic usage was in the good category (79.5%). The statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between education level with knowledge of antibiotic usage (p<0.05). There was no relationship between sex and age with knowledge of antibiotic usage.Conclusion: Knowledge is the main factor and has an important role which every patient should have so that they can take antibiotics appropriately. To increase the public's knowledge about the proper use of antibiotics, it is desirable that the role of physicians give a role in communicating them to the patients so that the use of antibiotics can be done appropriately