Static Cylindrically Symmetric Interior Solutions in f(R) Gravity

We investigate some exact static cylindrically symmetric solutions for a perfect fluid in the metric $f(R)$ theory of gravity. For this purpose, three different families of solutions are explored. We evaluate energy density, pressure, Ricci scalar and functional form of $f(R)$. It is interesting to mention here that two new exact solutions are found from the last approach, one is in particular form and the other is in the general form. The general form gives a complete description of a cylindrical star in $f(R)$ gravity.Comment: 10 pages, no figur

Epidemiological Characteristics of Poliomyelitis During the 21st Century (2000-2013)

Poliovirus is the pathogenic agent of paralytic poliomyelitis that belongs to the picornaviridae family. Poliomyelitis has an extended history dating over to the Egyptian eighteenth dynasty. It was recognized as distinct disease in the late nineteenth century when the world was ravaged by large number of outbreaks and epidemics in many countries. Paralytic Polio, the rarest but the most severe form of the disease, is characterized by acute flaccid paralysis of any or rarely both of the limbs. Increasing epidemics during the late 19th and 20th centuries lead to the initiation of a worldwide global effort for polio eradication in 1988, super headed by WHO and various other organizations. The launch of Global Polio Eradication Initiative together with the introduction of two polio vaccines resulted in 99% reduction of wild poliovirus cases worldwide while the total number of polio-endemic countries dropped from 24 countries in the year 2000 to only three countries in 2012; Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan. This review will focus on the general biology of poliovirus, some historic and geographic epidemiological aspects of poliomyelitis eradication during the year 2000-2012 and also on the major failing factors associated with the efficiency of the vaccines to eradicate polio in Pakistan

Photoluminescence Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles and Their Sorption and Desorption onto Microplastics.

Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) are sulfur analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) commonly found in environmental samples exposed to oil contamination. The determination of PASHs in complex samples is far more difficult than PAHs because of the sulfur atom in the heterocyclic ring, which increases the total number of possible isomeric compounds. Since their toxicological properties vary considerably from isomer to isomer, the unambiguous determination of specific isomers in environmental samples is crucial for ecotoxicological purposes and human safety. GC-MS has been the primary analytical technique for the determination of PASHs in environmental samples. Unfortunately, as the number of aromatic rings increases, the increasing number of possible isomers with similar retention times and nearly identical mass fragmentation patterns makes separation and identification difficult. Recent developments in our group have shown that the analysis of PASHs in complex environmental extracts is best accomplished with sample fractionation via normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and subsequent analysis of NPLC fractions via GC-MS. Specific PASHs are then identified on the bases of NPLC retention times, GC retention times and mass spectra. The first part of this dissertation investigates the analytical potential of low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of phenanthrothiophenes with molecular mass – 234 Da in NPLC fractions. Excitation and emission spectra recorded from n-alkane solutions at 77K and 4.2K showed strong phosphorescence from all the studied isomers at cryogenic temperatures. The analytical figures of merit obtained under steady state (fluorescence) and time-resolved (phosphorescence) conditions provided limits of detection at the parts-per-billion (ng mL-1) concentration levels. Processing 77K and 4.2K phosphorescence data with parallel factor analysis showed to be a robust approach that requires no further separation of NPLC fractions. The second part of this dissertation studies the adsorption of PASHs on microplastics (MPs); i.e., plastic particulates with dimensions ranging from 0.1 to 5000 µm. Once released into aquatic environments, PASHs have the potential to bioaccumulate and cause toxic effects in aquatic organisms. Since MPs can be accidently ingested by biota, the adsorption of PASHs on the surface of MPs might be a credible route by which PASHs enter the marine food web. To the extent of our literature search, there are no reports on the interaction of PASHs with MPs

Impact of Organizational Justice on Turnover Intentions: Moderating Role of Job Embeddedness

It is evident from the past research that employees who perceive the organizational policies as not just, the employees tend to leave the organizations and start their professional career in other organizations where they feel comfortable and organization policies as fair and just. Literature accords the moderate relationship of job embeddedness on turnover intentions. This study analyzed the moderate relationship of job embeddedness on turnover intentions and organizational justice in banking sector of Pakistan. Sample of study consists of 313 banking employees from different cadre. Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data. Results clearly indicate that job embeddedness do not moderate the relationship of turnover intentions and organizational justice. There is further need to explore the role of job embeddedness in other professional organizations. Implications for management and future directions are discussed

What is the effect of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support on Employee’s Level of Trust?

Aim - Past studies support the importance of organizational justice and its impact on employees' work attitudes. There are many factors that affect the employees’ work attitude but their perceptions about organizational justice and support are significant factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between Organizational justice and trust but there is a lack of research to measure the mediating role of perceived support. This study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust. Methodology - The sample of the study is 170 faculty members of public and private sector universities of Pakistan.  A cross-sectional design with a standardized questionnaire is used. Findings - Results indicate that distributive, procedural and interactional justice is direct antecedents of organizational and supervisory trust with the demonstration perceived organizational support as a partial mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Distributive justice is related to organizational trust both directly and indirectly through perceived organizational support and supervisory trust. Finally, interactional justice is a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support

ASSESSMENT OF LIFE SKILLS AMONG COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE-STUDENTS; IMPLICATION FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS ACADEMICS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

The literature indicates that life skills assessment and development is endemic throughout the globe. However, lacking are national studies that have researched life skills assessment at the college level. The present investigation aimed to assess the level of life skills among college undergraduate-students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Besides, the differences based on personal and demographic attributes in respect of life skills were also taken into consideration. A sample of (n=794) 5 % of the total population (15890) was selected and included in the survey. Life Skills Assessment Scale (LSAS) developed by (N.R. Prakash, S. Nirmala Devi, 2014) was used for collecting the required data. The gathered information was processed using (SPSS) version 24. Results of the study indicated that the overall nature of life skills among college students is moderate. The findings of the study indicated that the female-students reported less life skills compared to their counterparts’ male undergraduate-students (p .05). It is hoped that the results of this research will be more helpful for administrators, educators, curriculum designers and other social duties to improve teaching-learning and personality development for learners

Epidemiological Characteristics of Poliomyelitis during the 21st century (2000-2013)

Poliovirus is the pathogenic agent of paralytic poliomyelitis that belongs to the picornaviridae family. Poliomyelitis has an extended history dating over to the Egyptian eighteenth dynasty. It was recognized as distinct disease in the late nineteenth century when the world was ravaged by large number of outbreaks and epidemics in many countries. Paralytic Polio, the rarest but the most severe form of the disease, is characterized by acute flaccid paralysis of any or rarely both of the limbs. Increasing epidemics during the late 19th and 20th centuries lead to the initiation of a worldwide global effort for polio eradication in 1988, super headed by WHO and various other organizations. The launch of Global Polio Eradication Initiative together with the introduction of two polio vaccines resulted in 99% reduction of wild poliovirus cases worldwide while the total number of polio-endemic countries dropped from 24 countries in the year 2000 to only three countries in 2012; Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan. This review will focus on the general biology of poliovirus, some historic and geographic epidemiological aspects of poliomyelitis eradication during the year 2000-2012 and also on the major failing factors associated with the efficiency of the vaccines to eradicate polio in Pakistan

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVNESS ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GOVERONMENT LEVEL COMPANIES (GLCs): A MODERATING ROLE OF INCENTIVE SCHEMES

Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) is not a new strategy of fostering a firm’s performance and to increase customer satisfaction and market share, espoused by striving firms. However, studies on the effect of CE on the performance of GLCs are not common in literature, especially in the eastern world. The literature strongly indicates the requirement of more workable models of CE for GLCs in Pakistan, due to dearth in existing studies on the subject. Hence, the aim of this study is to gauge the impact of the most compelling element of CE on the operational performance of GLCs. This study has also been supplemented with the moderating role of incentive schemes in order to effectively gauge the motivational aspect in CE of GLCs. The analysis has been made through SMART PLS and structural equational modelling was used as the tool of analysis. Analysis indicated that innovation is perceived as one of the prime tools that may affect operational performance, although GLCs have different compensation structures and thus does not seem to be affecting the relationship of innovativeness and operational performance of GLCs

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Innovation

The study is an investigation of transformational leadership impact on organizational performance; the mediating role of organizational innovation. The study revealed that organizational innovation has mediated significant impact on organizational performance. The research found that transformational leadership and organizational performance has strong relationship. Therefore, it will help the managers to create such leadership style in the organizations. Pakistani organizations need an environment where leaders motivate and encourage the employees who are wishing to become more creative and effective in leading the successful organizations

IMPACT OF INNOVATIVNESS ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GOVERONMENT LEVEL COMPANIES (GLCs): A MODERATING ROLE OF INCENTIVE SCHEMES

Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) is not a new strategy of fostering a firm’s performance and to increase customer satisfaction and market share, espoused by striving firms. However, studies on the effect of CE on the performance of GLCs are not common in literature, especially in the eastern world. The literature strongly indicates the requirement of more workable models of CE for GLCs in Pakistan, due to dearth in existing studies on the subject. Hence, the aim of this study is to gauge the impact of the most compelling element of CE on the operational performance of GLCs. This study has also been supplemented with the moderating role of incentive schemes in order to effectively gauge the motivational aspect in CE of GLCs. The analysis has been made through SMART PLS and structural equational modelling was used as the tool of analysis. Analysis indicated that innovation is perceived as one of the prime tools that may affect operational performance, although GLCs have different compensation structures and thus does not seem to be affecting the relationship of innovativeness and operational performance of GLCs