Summary Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (SROC).

<p>(A) Overall group; (B) DSC group; (C) ASL group; (D) DCE group. AUC area under the curve.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of PWI for the differential diagnosis of HGGs from PCNSLs.

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis of PWI for the differential diagnosis of HGGs from PCNSLs.</p

The performance of MR perfusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of high-grade glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>It is always a great challenge to distinguish high-grade glioma (HGG) from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the performance of MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in differentiating HGG from PCNSL. The heterogeneity and threshold effect were evaluated, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were calculated. Fourteen studies with a total of 598 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that PWI had a high level of accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9415) for differentiating HGG from PCNSL by using the best parameter from each study. The dynamic susceptibility-contrast (DSC) technique might be an optimal index for distinguishing HGGs from PCNSLs (AUC = 0.9812). Furthermore, the DSC had the best sensitivity 0.963 (95%CI: 0.924, 0.986), whereas the arterial spin-labeling (ASL) displayed the best specificity 0.896 (95% CI: 0.781, 0.963) among those techniques. However, the variability of the optimal thresholds from the included studies suggests that further evaluation and standardization are needed before the techniques can be extensively clinically used.</p></div

Flow diagram of the study selection process.

Flow diagram of the study selection process.</p

Funnel plot of publication bias.

<p>(A) Overall group; (B) DSC group; (C) ASL group; (D) DCE group.</p

Forest plot showing the sensitivity and specificity of different groups for the differentiation of HGGs from PCNSLs.

<p>(A) Overall group; (B) DSC group; (C) ASL group; (D) DCE group.</p

Methodological quality analysis of the 12 eligible studies using QUADAS-2 tool.

<p>Methodological quality analysis of the 12 eligible studies using QUADAS-2 tool.</p

Table_1_Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) Protects Against Neuronal Apoptosis via Activation of Akt/MDM2/p53 Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.DOCX

<p>Neuronal apoptosis plays key roles in secondary brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study first reported the role of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in alleviating secondary brain injury through anti-apoptosis in rat model of ICH. The recombinant human-MANF (rh-MANF) and selective Akt inhibitor MK2206 was administrated intracerebroventricularly 1 h after ICH. Brain water content, behavioral assessment, BBB (blood brain barrier) leakage was evaluated 24 h after the induction of ICH. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression level of target proteins (MANF, mouse 3T3 cell double-minute 2 (MDM2), P53, Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was applied to evaluate the neuronal cell death. Besides, whether MANF was expressed in neurons was verified with double immunofluorescence staining. The results suggested that the level of MANF, and its downstream proteins, Akt, MDM2 was upregulated and reached peak at 24 h after ICH. MANF was mainly expressed in neurons. The administration of rh-MANF could significantly increase the level of p-Akt, p-MDM2, Bcl/Bax ratio, but reduce the expression of p53, caspase-3 and neuronal death, thus ameliorate the neurological functions at 24 h after ICH. However, these effects of rh-MANF could be obviously reversed by MK2206. MANF could exert its neuronal anti-apoptotic effects via Akt/MDM2/P53 pathways. Therefore, MANF could be a valuable drug target in the treatment of ICH.</p

MOESM1 of Apelin-13/APJ system attenuates early brain injury via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress in a AMPK-dependent manner after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

Additional file 1: Table S1 Study design and animal usage. Table S2. Rats physical data after surgeries. Figure S1. The ventral side was divided into six parts. SAH severity score: a grade from 0-3 is dependent on the amount of blood clot in each segment as follows: grade 0:no blood clot; 1: minimal blood clot; 2: moderate blood clot with recognizable arteries; 3: blood clot obliterating all arteries. The SAH grade was the total scores of the six parts, with minimal score of 0 and maximal score of 18. Figure S2. Effects of apelin-13 on brain edema: the quantification of brain water content of cerebellum and brain stem at 24 h after SAH. Figure S3. Depletion Efficiency of APJ siRNA with Naïve Rats. (A) Representative Western blot images. (B) Quantitative analyses of APJ. n=6 for each group. The bars represent the mean ± SD. *p<0.05 versus naïve

Table_1_Prognostic models for survival and consciousness in patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage.DOCX

ObjectivesPrimary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is one of the most catastrophic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage diseases, with a mortality rate of 70–80%. We explored the predictive factors for survival and consciousness in patients with PBSH (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04910490).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 211 patients with PBSH admitted to our institution between January 2014 and October 2020. Clinical outcomes included the 30-day survival rate and the 90-day consciousness rate as evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsThe overall 30-day survival rate of 211 patients with PBSH was 70%. Several predictive factors including hematoma volume, hematoma location, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) upon admission, and therapeutic strategy were significantly related to 30-day survival. Compared with conservative treatment, stereotactic aspiration in our prediction model is strongly associated with improved 30-day survival (odds ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence interval, 3.13–14.29; P ConclusionIn patients with PBSH, conscious state upon admission, coagulation function, hematoma volume, hematoma location, and therapeutic strategy were significantly associated with prognosis. Stereotactic aspiration could significantly reduce the 30-day mortality rate.</p