Il ritorno della Storia. Note su Dora Bruder, Jan Karski, Les Bienveillantes

 The trial of the realist novel that began in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in France until 1960 claimed the reduction and the elimination of history from the aesthetic project of a part of literature. In the eighties and nineties, with the collapse of ideologies, the postmodern novel reintroduce the historical dimension. Three examples, Modiano, Haenel, Littel, shows the great return of History in the novel with characters that crosses darker and more terrible sides of human condition.Il processo al romanzo realista iniziato tra la fine dell’Ottocento e l’inizio del Novecento in Francia, ed estesosi fino agli anni Sessanta, rivendicava la riduzione e persino l’eliminazione della Storia dal progetto estetico di una parte della letteratura. Tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta del Novecento, con il crollo delle ideologie, il tramonto dei valori tradizionali e il futuro offuscato da uno sguardo troppo orientato sul presente, il romanzo postmoderno torna invece a mettere in scena personaggi che guardano il passato e reintroducono la dimensione storica. Tre esempi, Modiano, Haenel, Littel, mostrano il grande ritorno della Storia nella tessitura del romanzo con personaggi dotati di una logica che attraversano i lati più oscuri e terribili della condizione umana

Errare: ossia cercare, creare, trasmutare

«Humanum fuit errare» selon Saint Augustin (Sermones164,14). Si l’on applique au domaine de la traduction la devise augustinienne et que l’on prend le mot latin non pas dans l’acception d’« être en erreur», de «se tromper», mais plutôt dans le sens de «marcher à l’aventure», on peut considérer l’erreur comme une chance, un imprévu qui permet de contribuer par le biais de la traduction à la définition d’une esthétique de l’erreur. En acceptant l’erreur on libère l’œuvre traduite du mythe du perfectumet de la fidélité et on considère l’imperfectumcomme expression artistique assumant une densité sémantique. Nombreux sont les exemples en philosophie, en histoire de l’art, en littérature qui montrent que la perfection est toujours hors de la portée humaine et que seule l’imperfection surprend, suggère des directions imprévues, suscite la polysémie, appelle à la reprise, à la réinterprétation

Commerce Numérique: traffic signals for crossroads between cultures.

Commerce is a French literary journal - founded by Princess Margherita Caetani - which relied on the collaboration of three prestigious writers: Paul Valéry, Léon-Paul Fargue, and Valéry Larbaud. The journal is composed of twenty-nine volumes published between 1924 and 1932. Each volume includes different literary material like poems and novels, written by both well- known and unknown writers, who also translated important authors like Joyce, T.S. Eliot, Pirandello, Ungaretti, Saint-John Perse, Rilke, and Hofmannsthal. Considering the historical, literary, and cultural importance of the journal Commerce, our project “Commerce numérique” aims to digitize and to make the journal contents freely available online to both the general public and the research community. This article describes the way in which the journal was encoded. Particular importance is also given to the encoding of poems present in Commerce. Some poems are in the original language and are accompanied by their French translation, other poems are in the French-translated form without the original text. In order to fully and accurately express the phenomena and their structures, we adopted some aspects of the TEI framework that will be explained in detail. The French translation of a Moroccan Arabic poem from the 13th century is also considered. The original Arabic poem is interesting because it presents aspects of both the Moroccan dialect and the oral text. The study and the encoding of the Arabic poem in parallel to its translation highlight some important structural differences between Arabic poetry and Western poetry

Leonardo e il '900

Negli ultimi decenni l’immagine di Leonardo da Vinci quale genio universale e polimorfo, straordinario anticipatore (quando non fondatore) della scienza moderna, ideatore di macchine che la tecnica avrebbe concretamente realizzato solo secoli più tardi, è stata messa radicalmente in discussione e anzi svelata nella sua natura essenzialmente ‘mitica’. Gli studi improntati ai più aggiornati criteri di rigore filologico e a una rinnovata attenzione all’analisi linguistica, hanno cercato di rimuovere gli stereotipi che avevano a lungo impedito una comprensione storicamente fondata della ricchissima riflessione affidata dall’artista filosofo al suo lascito manoscritto. Il volume mostra come alcune delle figure chiave del Novecento europeo hanno affrontato l’opera di Leonardo talvolta combattendo il mito talvolta incoraggiandolo

Elisa Chimenti, Marra. Choix de poèmes

Traducción al castellano de una selección de 10 poemas del poemario inédito Marra de Elisa Chimenti.THALIM, Sorbonne Nouvelle et ILLE, Université Haute-Alsac

A Speciation study on the perturbing effects of iron chelators on the homeostasis of essential metal ions

A number of reports have appeared in literature calling attention to the depletion of essential metal ions during chelation therapy on β-thalassaemia patients. We present a speciation study to determine how the iron chelators used in therapy interfere with the homeostatic equilibria of essential metal ions. This work includes a thorough analysis of the pharmacokinetic properties of the chelating agents currently in clinical use, of the amounts of iron, copper and zinc available in plasma for chelation, and of all the implied complex formation constants. The results of the study show that a significant amount of essential metal ions is complexed whenever the chelating agent concentration exceeds the amount necessary to coordinate all disposable iron —a frequently occurring situation during chelation therapy. On the contrary, copper and zinc do not interfere with iron chelation, except for a possible influence of copper on iron speciation during deferiprone treatment

Thermodynamic Study of Oxidovanadium(IV) with Kojic Acid Derivatives: A Multi-Technique Approach

The good chelating properties of hydroxypyrone (HPO) derivatives towards oxidovanadium(IV) cation, VIVO2+, constitute the precondition for the development of new insulinmimetic and anticancer compounds. In the present work, we examined the VIVO2+ complex formation equilibria of two kojic acid (KA) derivatives, L4 and L9, structurally constituted by two kojic acid units linked in position 6 through methylene diamine and diethyl-ethylenediamine, respectively. These chemical systems have been characterized in solution by the combined use of various complementary techniques, as UV-vis spectrophotometry, potentiometry, NMR and EPR spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectrometry, and DFT calculations. The thermodynamic approach allowed proposing a chemical coordination model and the calculation of the complex formation constants. Both ligands L4 and L9 form 1:1 binuclear complexes at acidic and physiological pHs, with various protonation degrees in which two KA units coordinate each VIVO2+ ion. The joined use of different techniques allowed reaching a coherent vision of the complexation models of the two ligands toward oxidovanadium(IV) ion in aqueous solution. The high stability of the formed species and the binuclear structure may favor their biological action, and represent a good starting point toward the design of new pharmacologically active vanadium species

I ratti delle linee Roman (High e Low Avoidance) presentano differenze nel comportamento sessuale: ruolo del sistema dopaminergico mesolimbico

I RATTI DELLE LINEE ROMAN (HIGH E LOW AVOIDANCE) PRESENTANO DIFFERENZE NEL COMPORTAMENTO SESSUALE: RUOLO DEL SISTEMA DOPAMINERGICO MESOLIMBICO. Introduzione. I ratti delle linee Roman (RHA, High avoidance e RLA, Low avoidance) mostrano tratti comportamentali divergenti: i primi sono impulsivi e proni all’abuso di sostanze mentre i secondi sono iper-emotivi e proni a sviluppare sintomi depressivi. I ratti Roman differiscono anche nel comportamento sessuale: gli RHA, infatti, mostrano una maggiore motivazione e migliori prestazioni rispetto agli RLA. L’obiettivo di questo studio era indagare se queste differenze sono relate ad alterazioni nella funzione del sistema dopaminergico mesolimbico, che gioca un ruolo chiave nel comportamento motivato. Metodi. Sono stati misurati con la metodica della microdialisi intracerebrale i livelli di dopamina liberata nel nucleo accumbens di ratti RHA e RLA mai esposti prima a stimoli sessuali (naïve) oppure esperienti, quando esposti ad una femmina recettiva inaccessibile e durante la copula. Contemporaneamente, sono stati misurati diversi indici comportamentali motivazionali e di performance sessuale. L’analisi statistica è stata eseguita con ANOVA per disegni misti, seguita da test post hoc (P < 0.05). Risultati. Nei ratti RHA si riscontra una maggiore liberazione di dopamina nel nucleo accumbens rispetto ai ratti RLA sia in presenza di una femmina recettiva inaccessibile che durante l’interazione sessuale. Similmente a quanto osservato con i parametri comportamentali, le differenze sono maggiori tra i gruppi naïve, tendono a diminuire tra i gruppi esperienti, ma persistono anche dopo stabilizzazione del comportamento dovuta all’esperienza. Conclusioni. Le differenze di comportamento sessuale delle linee Roman possono essere dovute al differente tono funzionale del sistema dopaminergico mesolimbico, che nei ratti RLA appare più debole rispetto ai ratti RHA. Questa differente funzione del sistema dopaminergico mesolimbico può essere implicata anche nelle alterazioni presenti in altri aspetti del comportamento motivato di questi animali (ad es., assunzione di sostanze d’abuso, vulnerabilità alla depressione)

Effects of Cadmium chloride on human fetal cells in vitro

The principal aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of tests with substances known as teratogenic in vivo on cell types which are the real target of their teratogenic effects. To this purpose Cadmium chloride has been tested on human amniotic fluid cells using the Chromosome aberrations (CA) and Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) tests

Variants of the serotonin transporter gene and NEO-PI-R Neuroticism: No association in the BLSA and SardiNIA samples

The polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) is by far the most studied variant hypothesized to influence Neuroticism-related personality traits. The results of previous studies have been mixed and appear moderated by the personality questionnaire used. Studies that used the TCI to assess Harm Avoidance or the EPQ to assess Neuroticism have found no association with the 5-HTTLPR. However, studies that used the NEO-PI-R or related instruments (NEO-PI, NEO-FFI) to measure Neuroticism have found some evidence of association. This study examines the association of variants in the serotonin transporter gene in a sample from a genetically isolated population within Sardinia (Italy) that is several times larger than previous samples that used the NEO-PI-R (N = 3,913). The association was also tested in a sample (N = 548) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), in which repeated NEO-PI-R assessments were obtained. In the SardiNIA sample, we found no significant association of the 5-HTTLPR genotypes with Neuroticism or its facets (Anxiety, Angry-Hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Impulsiveness, and Vulnerability). In the BLSA sample, we found lower scores on Neuroticism traits for the heterozygous group, which is inconsistent with previous studies. We also examined eight SNPs in the SardiNIA (N = 3,972) and nine SNPs in the BLSA (N = 1,182) that map within or near the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and found no association. Along with other large studies that used different phenotypic measures and found no association, this study substantially increases the evidence against a link between 5-HTT variants and Neuroticism-related traits. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64573/1/30932_ftp.pd