The Elements of Comedy and Parody in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus

In this article the author presents the elements of comedy and parody in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus. The analysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that the composition of Nonnus’ poem is based on the principle of generic variety

Hymnic elements in Visio Dorothei

My paper argues that in the poem known as “The Vision of Dorotheos” there are some hymnic elements to be found. My paper demonstrates briefly the history of the discovery as well as the plot of the Visio Dorothei. For my analysis I have chosen two passages containing hymnic elements (102–211;105; 170–211;177). In the first passage the poet invokes God the Father, in the second one he prays to Gabriel the angel. In the analysed texts there appear some important hymnic elements such as invocation, the welcoming χαῖρε;, the change from the 2nd to 3rd person singular, the anaphora of σὺ; etc. I have also discussed in a more detailed way the presence of the ancient hymnic traditions as well as their use in the poem under review. I have also offered a possible interpretation of the analysed passages.My paper argues that one can find hymnic elements in the poem known as The Vision of Dorotheos. I have chosen two such passages (102–105; 170–177) for my analysis. Moreover, i have discussed in a more detailed way the presence of ancient hymnic traditions as well as its use in the poem under review. I have offered also a possible interpretation of the analysed passages.Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latina

The elements of comedy and parody in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus

In this article the author presents the elements of comedy and parody in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus. The ana- lysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that the composition of Nonnus’ poem is based on the principle of generic variety.Es wurde schon von einiger Zeit beobachtet, dass in Nonnos’ Epos Passagen mit parodist- ischer Färbung zu finden sind. die parodistischen Elemente befinden sich schon im Proemium der dionysiaka, wo Homers Epen mit stinkenden Robbenfellen verglichen werden (1.34–38). Eine andere Szene mit parodistischen Zügen ist die Passage aus dem 29. Buch (29.325–362), in der der Traum von Ares geschildert wird. diese Beschreibung knüpft an das 8. Buch der Odyssee an, in der die Liebesaffäre von Aphrodite und Ares dargestellt wird, und spielt sehr raffiniert mit den dort enthaltenen Motiven und Themen. die Analyse der Fragmente, die parodistischen Charakter aufweisen, zeigt, dass die dionysiaka nach dem Prinzip der literarischen und kompositorischen Vielfalt (varietas) gebaut wurden

WINO W DIONYSIAKA NONNOSA W K SIĘGACH 1.1-12.138

In this article the author presents the references and allusions to wine in the 1.1 – 12.138 Dionysiaka of Nonnus.The analysis of the passages excerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that wine is present in Nonnos’ epos beforeits discovering in book 12. The presence of wine in the first 12 book of Dionysiaka has great significance forthe composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem as based on the principle of variety. The analysis of the passagesexcerpted from the Dionysiaka shows that references to wine present in Nonnos’ epos precede the story of itsdiscovery in book 12. The occurence of references and allusions to wine in the first 12 books of Dionysiakahas an important significance for the composition and unity of Nonnus’ poem based on the principle of variety

Reaktywność naczyń mózgowych w warunkach hipokapnii i hiperkapnii u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i bez nadciśnienia tętniczego

Background and purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The origin of diabetic microangiopathy is multifactorial; it affects all layers of the artery wall, causing endothelial and vasoreactivity impairment. The incidence of cerebral vasoreactivity failure in diabetic patients without stroke history is not precisely determined yet. The aim of the study was to assess the cerebrovascular reactivity in hypocapnia and hypercapnia in patients with type 2 DM with or without arterial hypertension without artery stenosis and stroke history, with the use of transcranial Doppler examination. Material and methods The mean blood flow velocity, pulsatility index and parameters of cerebrovascular reactivity were measured in 53 patients with type 2 DM (aged 42–72 years, mean 59.5 ± 7.9) and in 27 healthy volunteers (aged 36–74 years, mean 57.0 ± 10.4). Diabetics were further divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of arterial hypertension. Results The index of cerebrovascular reactivity in hypocapnia and hypercapnia was significantly worse and time needed to normalization of blood flow velocity was significantly longer in patients with DM in comparison with healthy volunteers. Conclusions Most DM type 2 patients without stroke history had decreased values of cerebral vasoreactivity parameters, which suggests the presence of microangiopathy.Wstęp i cel pracy Cukrzyca to niezależny czynnik ryzyka rozwoju chorób układu naczyniowego. Pochodzenie cukrzycowej angiopatii jest wieloczynnikowe. Nie określono dotąd dokładnie częstości występowania upośledzenia reakcji wazoaktywnych u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 bez incydentów udarowych w wywiadzie. Celem pracy było zbadanie przy użyciu przezczaszkowej ultrasonografii prędkości średniej przepływu krwi, współczynnika pulsacji oraz parametrów reaktywności naczyń mózgowych w warunkach hipokapnii i hiperkapnii u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 z nadciśnieniem tętniczym lub bez nadciśnienia tętniczego bez ultrasonograficznych cech zwężeń tętnic szyjnych i mózgowych oraz nieobciążonych udarem mózgu. Materiał i metody Badania wykonano u 53 chorych (27 kobiet i 26 mężczyzn) w wieku od 42 do 72 lat (średnia wieku 59,5 ± 7,9 roku) z cukrzycą typu 2. Wśród chorych wydzielono podgrupy z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i bez nadciśnienia. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 27 ochotników w wieku 36–74 lat (średnia wieku 57,0 ± 10,4 roku). U wszystkich przeprowadzono badanie dopplerowskie tętnic szyjnych i mózgowych oraz oznaczono współczynnik reaktywności naczyń mózgowych w warunkach hipokapnii i hiperkapnii. Wyniki W hipokapnii i hiperkapnii u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 stwierdzono istotnie mniejsze współczynniki reaktywności naczyń mózgowych oraz znamiennie dłuższy czas normalizacji prędkości przepływu krwi w prawej tętnicy środkowej mózgu w stosunku do grupy kontrolnej. Wnioski U znacznej części chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 bez incydentów niedokrwienia mózgu w wywiadzie występują w hipokapnii i hiperkapnii mniejsze wartości parametrów reaktywności naczyń mózgowych, mogące sugerować obecność mikroangiopatii

The efficacy of risk scores for predicting abdominal wound dehiscence : a case-controlled validation study

BACKGROUND: The medical literature includes two risk scores predicting the occurrence of abdominal wound dehiscence. These risk indices were validated by the authors on the populations studied. However, whether these scoring systems can accurately predict, abdominal wound dehiscence in other populations remains unclear. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of patients treated at a tertiary-care teaching hospital between 2008 and 2011. Patients that underwent laparotomy procedures complicated by the development of postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence were included into the study. For each of the cases, three controls were selected. RESULTS: Among the 1,879 patients undergoing intra-abdominal, 56 patients developed wound dehiscence and 168 patients included in the control group. Calculation of risk scores for all patients, revealed significantly higher scores in the abdominal wound dehiscence group (p < 0.001). The median score was 24 (range: 3–46) and 4.95 (range: 2.2-7.8) vs.10 (range:-3-45) and 3.1 (range:0.4-6.9), for the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) and Rotterdam abdominal wound dehiscence risk score in the dehiscence and control groups, respectively. The area under the curve, on the ROC plot, was 0.84 and 0.76; this confirmed a good and moderate predictive value for the risk scores. The fit of the model was good in both cases, as shown by the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. CONCLUSIONS: Both the VAMC and Rotterdam scores can be used for the prediction of abdominal wound dehiscence. However, the VAMC prognostic score had better calibration and discriminative power when applied to the population in this study and taking into consideration our method of control selection

Epidemiological analysis of hospitalisations due to recurrent stroke in the Silesian Province, Poland, between 2009 and 2015

Background and aim. There is a lack of recent epidemiological studies on recurrent stroke (RS) in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyse all hospitalisations related to RS in Silesia – an industrial region covering 12% of the Polish population.Material and methods. We carried out statistical analysis of data contained in stroke questionnaires transferred to the Polish National Health Fund by hospitals in Silesia, Poland, between 2009 and 2015.Results. In the analysed period, the number of RS hospitalisations in Silesia was 18,063 (22.2% of all acute strokes). The percentage of RS significantly decreased during the period under consideration (p &lt; 0.001). The same observation concerned recurrent ischaemic stroke (RIS), but not recurrent haemorrhagic stroke (RHS). The median hospitalisation time was 14 days for RHS, and 11 days for RIS. Large-artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolisms were significantly more often recognised in RIS than in first-ever ischaemic stroke (FIS) (consecutively, 38.2% vs 36.0%, and 21% vs 18.1%; p &lt; 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher for RS than for first-ever stroke (18.4% vs 17.2%; p &lt; 0.001). The same observation wasdone for RIS vs FIS (16.2% vs 13.9%; p &lt; 0.001), and for RHS vs FHS (39.8% vs 36%; p = 0.004). The rtPA therapy was applied to 5.3% of FIS and 3.2% of RIS patients (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions. This is the first such comprehensive and long-term analysis of recurrent stroke in Silesia, Poland. It could help in the implementation of appropriate educational programmes, and thus help to improve the health status of society

Characteristics of hospitalizations due to acute stroke in the Silesian Province, Poland, between 2009 and 2015

Introduction The available data on acute stroke (AS) in Poland come mainly from non-representative cohorts or are outdated. Therefore, the current study was done to access the most recent data on AS in the industrial region that covers 12% (4.6mln) of the country's population. Objective To evaluate the epidemiological data of AS in the Silesian Province, Poland. Patients and methods Analysis of the data from stroke questionnaires, obligatory for all patients hospitalized due to AS and administered by the only public health insurer in Poland (the National Health Fund) between 2009 and 2015 (n=81,193). Results The annual number of hospitalizations due to AS in the analyzed period was between 239 and 259 per 100,000 inhabitants of the Silesian Province. Haemorrhagic stroke constituted 13.3%, ischaemic stroke – 85.5%, and unspecified stroke – 1.2%. The average age of patients was 71.6±12.2 years (M 68.2±11.9, F 74.8±11.9, P&lt;0.05). The mean duration of hospitalization was 17±16 days for haemorrhagic stroke, and 14±11 days for ischaemic stroke. Large-artery atherosclerosis (36.1%) and cardioembolism (18.7%) constituted the main causes of ischaemic stroke. Overall hospital mortality for AS was 18% (haemorrhagic – 40.8%, ischaemic – 14.9%). A decreasing trend in mortality was observed in ischaemic but not in haemorrhagic stroke. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in women than in men (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions This comprehensive long-term analysis of the epidemiological situation related to AS in the industrial region of Poland should encourage further development of educational and treatment programmes for improvement in the health status of the population

Diagnostics, treatment and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in the Silesian Province, Poland between 2009 and 2015

Background The available data on diagnostics and treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) in Poland come mainly from non-representative cohorts or are outdated. Objective Therefore, the current study was done to access the most recent data on IS in the industrial region that covers 12% of the country's population. Materials & methods Analysis of the data from stroke questionnaires, obligatory for all patients hospitalized due to acute stroke and administered by the National Health Fund (the only public health insurer in Poland) between 2009 and 2015 (n=81,193). Results The number of hospitalizations due to IS in the Silesian Province was 69,403 and constituted 85.5% of all stroke cases reported to the NHF between 2009 and 2015. Neuroimaging of the brain (CT/MRI) was performed in 68,696 (99%) subjects, while ultrasonography of extra- and/or intracranial arteries in 57,886 (83.4%). The rtPA therapy was applied in 3282 patients (4.7% of all IS subjects). The rate of patients treated with rtPA gradually increased (1.2% in 2009, 9.3% in 2015). Among all patients with IS, 57,636 (83.1%) subjects were administered antiplatelet drugs, 16,199 (23.3%) – oral anticoagulants, and 55,971 (80.7%) – antihypertensive drugs. Also, 2260 (3.3%) patients were referred for vascular intervention. In subjects with cardioembolic stroke etiology, 37.8% were treated with anticoagulants. Conclusions There has been observed a significant improvement in the quality of diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke during recent years. However, further actions are required both in terms of reperfusion treatment (thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy) and secondary prevention of stroke