Analisis Penguraian Masalah pada Program Zakat Produktif

. Productive zakah program that run by BAZNAS and LAZ was a real contribution to reduced poverty. Productive zakat aimed to made mustahiq became more productive. However, these goals had not been achieved maximum. There were two main problems in running productive zakah program. They were problem from internal party of BAZNAS/LAZ and problem from external party of BAZNAS/LAZ. Among the internal problems were: 1) Immaturity of program planning, 2) Less of capable human resources, 3) No fixed success indicators. The external problems were: 1) Lack of zakat institution management, 2) Lack of entrepreneurial spirit among mustahiq, 3) Mustahiq was not understand about the rule of productive zakah program. This study concluded that the dominant problem was an internal problem of the BAZNAS / LAZ –with priority problem lied in \u27immaturity of program planning\u2

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Di Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kota Semarang

Environment Agency Semarang is one of the technical institutions of local government has a fundamental duty to implement the preparation and implementation of policies that are specific areas in the environmental field. To carry out the basic tasks of the Environmental Agency of Semarang has a function which is one implementation of government affairs and public services in the environmental field. Quality of service can be determined by comparing the service that has been given to indicators measuring the quality of service. Quality of service can be said to be good if in accordance with the expectations of society. To measure the quality of service in Semarang city environmental agency used five indicators such as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.. The purpose of this research was analyze the quality of public services at the Environment Agency of Semarang to the public so that people feel the need basically is to get a good service from government acceptable and achieve maximum satisfaction. This research is using descriptive qualitative research design with informants from the employees in environmental agency and publicathat propose service

Pemanfaatan Lignin Hasil Isolasi Dari Lindi Hitam Proses Biopulping Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus Asper) Sebagai Media Selektif Jamur Pelapuk Putih

Lindi hitam merupakan limbah industri pulp yang belum termanfaatkan dengan baik. Pemanfaatan lignin dari lindi hitam selama ini biasanya hanya digunakan sebagai perekat. Dalam bidang mikrobiologi lignin dari lindi hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media selektif untuk isolasi jamur pelapuk putih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat lignin hasil isolasi proses biopulping sebagai media selektif untuk jamur pelapuk putih. Lignin dari lindi hitam hasil biopulping bambu, dengan proses pemasakan soda dan kraft, diisolasi dengan penambahan asam. Padatan lignin kemudian dimurnikan menggunakan larutan dioksan dan ditimbang berat serta dianalisa secara kualitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer. Lignin hasil isolasi ditambahkan pada media agar untuk uji selektifitas jamur pelapuk putih Phanerochaete crysosporium dan Trametes versicolor. Pretreatment bambu pada 30 hari inkubasi menghasilkan lignin yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan inkubasi selama 45 hari. Padatan lignin yang diperoleh dari hasil biopulping proses kraft juga lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan pada proses soda. Pengujian selektifitas jamur pada media alkali lignin menunjukkan bahwa fungi T. versicolor mensekresi enzim lebih cepat daripada P. chrysosporium

Fiber Disruption of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) by Combined Fungal and Microwave Pretreatment

Combined fungal and microwave pretreatment is an attractive method to alter carbohydrate and lignin structure of lignocellulosic materials for improving hydrolysis process in order to convert these lignocellulosic materials to bioethanol. This study was conducted to obtain the information on the characteristic changes of cellulose and lignin after combined biologicaland microwave pretreatment of Betung Bamboo. Based on our previous research, incubation for 30 days both for 5 and 10% liquid-inoculum loading of white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor, was chosen as the fungal pretreatment prior to microwave pretreatment at 30% power level for 5, 10 and 12.5 minutes. The evaluation of characteristic changes after combined pretreatment was performed using the analysis of FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and SEM.FTIR spectra demonstrated that the combined pretreatment only affected the decrease of intensity bands of FTIR spectra with increasing microwave irradiation time, without any changes in the functional groups.This band intensity decrease occured on unconjugated bonds of carbohydrate peaked at 1736 (C=0 in xylan), 1373 (C-H deformation in cellulose and hemicellulose), 1165 (C-O-C vibration in cellulose and hemicellulose), and 895 (C-H deformation or C-O-C stretching at β-glicosidic linkage characteristic in cellulose) cm-1. The pretreatment decreased the hydrogen bond stretching of cellulose and the linkage between lignin and carbohydrate. This decrease of hydrogen bond was associated with crystallinity of bamboo cellulose,ilustrated by occurring structural changes. Syringil propane units were more soluble than guiacyl moieties. The crystallinity of cellulose tended to increase slightly due to the cleavage of the amorphous fraction. SEM images illustrated that the pretreatment disrupted the fiber structure while the longer microwave irradiation, the greater fiber degradation level. Prolonging microwave irradiation on 5% inoculum loading decreased lignin degrading ability. Crystalline allomorph of 5% inoculum loading for 10 minutes showed that Iβ (triclinic) structure of cellulose has transformed into monoclinic (Iα) structure

Kraft and Soda Pulping of White Rot Pretreated Betung Bamboo

This research was conducted to study the effects of pre-treatment with white-rot fungi on pulp properties of betung bamboo. Inoculum stocks of white-rot fungi (25 ml) were injected into polybags contained barkless fresh bamboo chips. Each polybag contained 214.9–286.8 g oven dry weight of chips. Bamboo chips in the polybags were inoculated by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Both of them were then incubated for 30 and 45 days at room temperature. Bamboo chips were cooked using soda and Kraft processes. The cooked bamboo chips were then defiberize using disc refiner for 3 times. Pulp yield, kappa number and degree of freeness of the pulp were then analyzed. The treatment of two white rot fungi, gave different effects on the characteristic of betung bamboo pulp. The effects of fungi treatment on kappa number and degree of freeness can be seen only at samples cooked using kraft process. Incubation time did not affect pulp yield of bamboo treated with both fungi, but it affected kappa number and degree of freeness of bamboo pulp cooked using kraft process. Bamboo treated with T. versicolor incubated for 45 days and cooked using kraft process produced the best pulp quality with high pulp yield