Osmotic Responses of Segara Anakan Fine Shrimp (Metapenaeus Elegans) Adults in Various Salinity and Molting Stages

A research on eco-physiological characteristics of fine shrimp (Metapenaeus elegans) with special emphasis on the osmotic responses and isosmotic medium requirement for adult spawners in various molting stages was conducted. Adult stocks of M. elegans origin from the Segara Anakan lagunas of the South West of Central Java region were collected and used as experimental shrimps. The shrimps were hold in three 500 l-acclimation tanks and treated according to Anggoro and Nakamura's method. The seawater salinity level in the tank 1, 2, and 3 was 25, 28, and 22 ppt, respectively. Osmotic response of the shrimps was examined during 3 molting stages, i.e. pre-molt/ post-molt, molt, and inter-molt phases by using an automatic microosmometer Roebling. The results showed that osmotic responses were closely related to the salinity of water medium and molting stages. It was also found that the minimum osmotic works of fine shrimp occurred in isosmotic medium, i.e. 16 to 20 ppt for post-molt, 28 to 30 ppt for molt, and 22 to 25 ppt for inter-molt stages. It was concluded that the range of isosmotic media for the adult of fine shrimp was 22 to 28 ppt or equals to 642.06 to 817.31 mOsm/l H2O

Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Tangkap Ikan Hias Ramah Lingkungan terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Terumbu Karang di Gosong Karang Lebar Kepulauan Seribu

Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Banyak ancaman yang mempengaruhi kehidupan karang, salah satunya adalah aktivitas penangkapan ikan hias laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dan observasi, yaitu dengan membandingkan data tutupan karang di area tangkap ikan hias perairan Gosong Karang Lebar Kepulauan Seribu yang telah diambil pada tahun 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 dan 2011 oleh Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia. Perbandingan data tutupan karang tersebut nantinya digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kerusakan terumbu karang sebelum diterapkannya alat tangkap ikan hias ramah lingkungan yaitu sebelum tahun 2006 dan setelah diterapkan alat tangkap ikan hias ramah lingkungan yaitu tahun 2006 sampai sekarang. Dari hasil analisis statistik independent sample t-test didapatkan nilai Probabilitas/ Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,458. Hal ini berarti probabilitasnya di bawah taraf signifikansi 0,46. Maka H0 ditolak atau dapat dinyatakan bahwa persentase tutupan karang sebelum dan setelah adanya penerapan alat tangkap ikan hias ramah lingkungan berbeda. Hasil statistik deskriptif menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rata-rata persentase tutupan karang setelah adanya penerapan alat tangkap ikan hias ramah lingkungan adalah sebesar 34.2075%. Nilai ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan persentase tutupan karang sebelum adanya penggunaan alat tangkap ikan hias ramah lingkungan yaitu sebesar 27.7100%

Pola Osmoregulasi, Pertumbuhan Dan Kelulushidupan Keong Macan (Babylonia Spirata L) Pada Media Dengan Salinitas Berbeda

Keong macan (Babylonia spirata L) merupakan sejenis gastropoda yang mempunyai toleransi yang tinggi terhadap salinitas, namun salinitas juga merupakan faktor kritis terhadap kelulushidupan dan pertumbuhan keong macan. Salinitas media berperan dalam mengendalikan proses osmoregulasi keong macan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap pola osmoregulasi, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan keong macan pada media dengan salinitas berbeda. Materi yang digunakan adalah keong macan (Babylonia spirata L) yang diperoleh dari perairan Jepara dengan rata-rata bobot awal ±8,4 g/ekor dengan kepadata 2 ekor/L. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Sistematis (RAS) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan pada tiap perlakuannya dengan faktor utamanya adalah salinitas media. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah dengan perlakuan S1 dengan salinitas 27 ppt (Hipo-osmotik), S2 dengan salinitas 31 ppt (Iso-osmotik), dan S3 dengan salinitas 35 ppt (Hiper-osmotik). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap Tingkat Kerja Osmotik (TKO), pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan keong macan. Pola osmoregulasi keong macan pada perlakuan S2 (31 ppt) mengalami pola regulasi iso-osmotik, sementara pada perlakuan S1 (27 ppt) mengalami pola regulasi hiper-osmotik, sedangkan pada perlakuan S3 (35 ppt) mengalami pola regulasi hipo-osmotik. TKO terendah berada pada perlakuan S2 (31 ppt) sebesar 0,14 mOsm/l H2O, sedangkan pada perlakuan S1 (salinitas 27 ppt) memiliki tingkat kerja osmotik (TKO) tertinggi yakni sebesar 135,87 mOsm/l H2O. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik terbaik berada pada perlakuan S2 (31 ppt) dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 3,10% dan 0,35%. Tingkat kelulushidupan (SR) keong macan terbaik berada pada perlakuan S2 (31 ppt) dengan nilai SR 100%

Effect of Mineral Suplement in the Diet for Penaeus Monodon F. Shrimp Culture in a Low Salinity Medium

Shrimp culture in a low salinity medium has been developed widely such as in Thailand, China, Indonesia and some Federal country of USA. This new approach of shrimp culture of the tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Fab was done as low salinity shrimp farming; low-salinity inland system, inland shrimp farming, and inland culture. Water source was then treated with a step-wise dilution process with river waters to the salinity range of 25-30 ppt to be used for post-larval rearing and growing. The process of dilution will continue to salinity of 5 ppt to be used for the growing ponds until harvest. The relocation of conventional brakish water ponds for shrimp culture from coastal area to inland area was initially caused by the problems of desease, marine pollutions, environmental issues such as mangrove destructions issues and the change of spatial planning in coastal area. The aim of the study is known the effect of K+ and Mg2+ addition and its combination to the weekly growth rate (based on weight) of the shrimp and Osmotic Capacity. The study using addition of mineral in the diet with assumtion that this approach will have more effective effects to the specific growth rate (SGR), Absolute Growth (∆G), survival rate (SR) and osmotic capability (OC) of the shrimp. The experiment design was Complete Random Design with 3 replicates for each treatment. Treatment A: standard diet added with 1% K (1 gr KCl/100 gr diet), treatment B: standard diet adde with 1% Mg2+ (1 gr dolomite/100 gr diet), treatment C was a combined of 0.5% K+ and 0.5% Mg2+, and treatment D was standard diet without mineral (as control). Result of data analysis using ANOVA revealed that all mineral diet treatment had no significant effect (P > 0.05) to SGR and ∆G for Penaeus monodon cultured in low salinity. Although a combined mineral (K and Mg) treatment C had shows the highest of absolute growth (0.7023 gr) then followed by treatment A (0.6421 gr), B (0.5303 gr), and D (0.4951 gr). The treatment of C with combination of 0.5% K and 0.5% Mg had gave the highest absolute growth and provide the best result. The weekly specific growth rate (SGR) had shown a steady decreasing pattern, with the lowest rate in week-5 and increase again in week-6. All mineral suplement in the diet had revealed a significant effect to the osmoregulatory capacity (OC) with (P value < 0.05) with seawater medium variabel as already mentions earlier. All treatments had gave high survival rate (SR) of the Penaeus monodon post-larvae where treatment A: 95.83%; B: 5.83%; C: 91.67% and control D : 85.50%

The Distribution of Capture Fisheries Based Small Pelagic - Mackerel Fish Species in Balikpapan Waters, East Kalimantan

In the utilization of common property resource, long term balance in aquaculture is difficult to maintain as people trying to maximize their profit leading to considerable extensification. The objective of this research was to analyze the number of stock, production, and effort of Mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commersonii) resource based on bio-economic approach. Primary data was collected based on purposive sampling method where the respondents in this research were Small Pelagic fishers which determined deliberately due to specific consideration. Secondary data used in this research was obtained from several sources. Data production and effort (input or effort) was arranged in a time sequence according to the type of fishing gears and their targets of fishery resource being studied and then determined the value of CPUE (catch per unit effort). Mathematically, the input gear to be standardized is calculated from fishing power index multiplies with input (effort) of standardized gear. The result shows that the renewable capacity begins to decrease leading to a condition of biologically over fishing. Aside from that, the Mackerel fish resource in this area also experiences economically over fishing condition which indicated by higher economic calculation value and lower capture yield

Domestikasi Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax Quadricarinatus) Melalui Optimalisasi Media Dan Pakan

Lobster air tawar menghadapi banyak hambatan dalam upaya peningkatan produksi lobster air tawar seperti tingkat pertumbuhan yang kurang optimal serta tingginya tingkat kematian pada fase pasca larva, salah satunya karena faktor salinitas. Domestikasi merupakan suatu cara pengadopsian hewan dalam suatu populasi yang hampir punah (terancam kelestariannya) dari kehidupan liar (habitat asli) ke dalam lingkungan budidaya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh nyata (p&lt;0,05) terhadap pola osmoregulasi, pertumbuhan, dan efisiensi pakan. Pola osmoregulasi lobster air tawar pada perlakuan S3 (14 ppt) mengalami pola osmoregulasi isosmotik, sedangkan S4 (21 ppt) mengalami pola osmoregulasi hiperosmotik. TKO terendah terdapat pada perlakuan S3 (14 ppt) sebesar 30,54±0,01 mOsml/l H20, sedangkan pada perlakuan S4 (21 ppt) memiliki TKO tertinggi yaitu sebesar 287,82±0,04 mOsml/l H20. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak terbaik pada perlakuan S3 (14 ppt) yaitu 3,51 gr dan efisiensi pakan pada perlakuan S3 (14 ppt) sebesar 20,04%