Everyday Agri-Environmental Governance

Revitalising the way the social sciences question agri-environmental governance, this book introduces ""the everyday governance approach"" as a means to improving the sustainability of agriculture and food systems. The ""everyday"" refers to localised practices, specific networks, and practical norms that emerge in a process of interaction, translation, and reinterpretation. The authors build this approach on assemblage thinking and theory, which focuses on the collective production of the social through complex sets of connections. For this reason, assemblage thinking becomes a particularly productive guide in exploring how everyday governance is co-produced in the interaction between numerous social processes involving a diversity of actors and instruments. The authors navigate between original and contrasting case studies from Switzerland, Indonesia, and the European Union in order to reorient attention to the transformative nature of governance, which they locate along four different dimensions of the everyday: (1) the interdependence of instruments within a wider governance assemblage; (2) the uncertainty and unpredictability of effects in agri-environmental governance; (3) the distributed nature of agency and its implication for power relations; (4) the importance of capacities in the transformation of agri-food systems. This book calls for a redesigning of agri-environmental governance that should move away from the setting of fix and precise objectives and solutions, and rather aim for a consolidation of sound foundations on which desirable futures can emerge. The book will be an essential read for students and scholars interested in sustainable agriculture and food systems, governance modes and approaches, and sustainability more broadly

EFISIENSI USAHA DAN NILAI TAMBAH PENGOLAHAN UBI KAYU MENJADI MODIFIED CASSAVA FLOUR (MOCAF) PADA KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MEDAL ASRI, DESA SUKAWANGI KECAMATAN PAMULIHAN KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

Cassava is a potential commodity as a flour substitute products. Cassava can be used as flour known as mocaf (modified cassava flour). Mocaf is the product of cassava flour processed using the principle of modifying cells of cassava by fermentation. This fermentation process will produce flour which almost resembles the characteristics and qualities of wheat flour. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of business and added value analysis. The results showed that the value of business efficiency (R/C ratio) of 1,81, which means that these businesses efficiently and profitably (R/C > 1). The ratio of added value amounted to 49.0%, this means that the processing of mocaf provide added value high enough. Total profits earned by the production process (from 200 kg of cassava) were 227,500.00 IDR. Keywords: Cassava, mocaf, business efficiency, added value

Application of Compost Tea and Ascorbic Acid to Increase Productivity and Antioxidant Activity of The Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The common bean is a functional food rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that support good health. Improving common bean yield is essential for enhancing nutrition within communities. This study examined the effects of compost tea, ascorbic acid, and their combination on the productivity and antioxidant activity of upright common beans. The experiment involved six treatments, including a control (water spraying) (P1), ascorbic acid (P2), manure compost tea (P3), BSF larvae production residue (BSFR) compost tea (P4), manure compost tea and ascorbic acid (P5), and BSFR compost tea and ascorbic acid (P6). All treatments, except P6, showed significant differences in productivity. P2 recorded the highest yield at 8,13 tons/ha/cycle and increased productivity by 19,03%, followed by P5 (9,22%) and P3 (3,95%) compared to P1 (control). P4 had a slight reduction in productivity by 3,95% than P1. A combination of compost tea and ascorbic acid increased productivity by 5,07% for P5 and 4,63% for P6 compared to the treatment without combination with ascorbic acid. P2 had the lowest IC50 value, 17,46 µg/ml, indicating the highest antioxidant activity. Compost tea and ascorbic acid combined reduced the IC50 value by 23,12% for P5, but P6 increased it by 32,59%. P5 improved the antioxidant activity of common bean pods when combined with compost tea and ascorbic acid, while P6 demonstrated a better effect without the combination. P3 and P6 had higher IC50 values than the control but lacked the potential to improve the antioxidant activity of common bean pods

Analisis Resiliensi Penghidupan Petani Padi Penerima Hibah Sibedas di Kabupaten Bandung Menggunakan Kerangka Sustainable Livelihood Approaach (SLA)

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of Bandung Regency, particularly in Ciparay and Rancaekek Districts. However, challenges such as land conversion, climate change, and market fluctuations affect agricultural productivity and sustainability. In response, the Bandung Regency Government implemented the Sibedas Farmer Card Program, aimed at improving farmers' welfare through input subsidies and access to agricultural insurance. This study examines the relationship between the Sibedas Farmer Card policy, livelihood capital, coping behavior, and livelihood resilience among rice farmers. A quantitative approach using SEM-PLS was applied, involving 72 rice farmers as respondents. The findings indicate that the Sibedas Farmer Card policy does not significantly influence livelihood capital (β = -0.168, P = 0.135). However, livelihood capital has a significant effect on coping behavior (β = 0.713, P = 0.000) and livelihood resilience (β = 0.346, P = 0.012). Additionally, coping behavior significantly impacts livelihood resilience (β = 0.536, P = 0.000). These results suggest that strengthening livelihood capital enhances farmers' adaptability and resilience. While the program has been implemented, its effectiveness in improving farmers' livelihood capital remains limited. To optimize its impact, policymakers should expand farmers' access to training, technology, and financial support. Therefore, well-directed agricultural policies are essential to enhancing the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Bandung Regency. Keywords: maksimal 5 kata kunci, dan dipisahkan dengan tanda kom

EVALUATION AND STRATEGY OF TAPPING PINE TREES AS AN ATTEMPT FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENTIN SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA

The increase in economic needs has resulted in increased community pressure on forest area. This encourage the government to open up access to utilize forest, in order to improve the community's economy. Since March 2018, access to utilize forest has been implemented in Masigit Kareumbi Game Reserve (TBMK). However, research related to the evaluation of activities has not been widely found. This study aims to evaluate and determine the optimal pine tapping management strategy in TBMK. The research was conducted in Sukajaya and Citengah Villages, South Sumedang District, using Ostrom Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, Stakeholder Analysis, and the Analysis Hierarchy Process. The result showed that, the potential of pine resin in the research location was 308,377.3 kg/year, which had a positive economic, social, and institutional impact on the community but tended to have a negative impact on the ecological aspects. Stakeholder analysis showed that the parties involved were among others KLHK, BBKSDA West Java, Sukajaya and Citengah Heads Village, Forest Farmer Group (KTH) Sawargi and Medal Kencana, Pinus Merkusii Cooperation, and the Indonesian Conservation Cadre Communication Forum (FK3I). Each stakeholder has a good relationship, however, there is still a need for a more optimal communication and coordination system between one another. The suggested strategy is to increase community assistance by FK3I and Pinus Merkusii Cooperation involvement in limiting the tapping pine resin

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Hepatitis B Infection Prevention and Screening among Indonesians

Hepatitis B has been one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world and specifically in Indonesia. Although the total conversion of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to chronic disease in Indonesia was reduced by 50%, the total number of hepatitis B cases increased by 2.5 times in 2021. Ineffective HBV immunization program in Indonesia prior to 1997 was addressed by the Ministry of Health through a more comprehensive HBV control, which, among others, involved Health Promotion to increase people’s knowledge and awareness towards hepatitis B infection prevention. In this regard, this study aims to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice/behavior of the Indonesian population towards hepatitis B infection prevention and their willingness for screening, particularly in areas with high prevalence of hepatitis B. This study used a quantitative approach in looking at correlations between this set of knowledge, attitude, and practice, mainly by using Structural Equation Model (SEM) and SmartPLS 3.3.3 toolkit in SPSS. Through an analysis of online questionnaire results from over 400 respondents in four provinces (DKI Jakarta, West Java, DI Yogyakarta, and South Sulawesi), this study shows that respondents have a very high level of knowledge about hepatitis B; high level of positive attitude; and very high level of positive practice towards hepatitis B infection prevention. However, we also noticed some dissonances between the key aspects, namely that knowledge on hepatitis B correlates negatively with the behavior of the respondents and that the behavior also correlates negatively with their willingness for screening. In conclusion, we suggest that factors such as socio-economic context and prior informed knowledge on hepatitis B be considered to build a better strategy of Health Promotion and hepatitis B diagnostic screening among the population

Investigating resilience of agriculture and food systems: insights from two theories and two case studies

There has been a growing concern described in the literature for the sustainability and resilience of agriculture and food (agrifood) sector towards local and global shocks. Resilience, defined in this context, is the ability of a system or society to recover from crisis while maintaining its function and identity. This thesis identifies two contrasting perspectives influencing contemporary resilience thinking and debated in the literature: one emphasises resilience as a system’s emergent property, and the other emphasises the agency of the system’s components to actively shape the system to be resilient. In response to those perspectives and drawing their significance to the agrifood sector, this thesis seeks to clarify and understand what ‘resilience’ means for agrifood systems in the context of local and global changes. It does so by offering a novel theoretical framework in which resilience thinking is in dialogue with two social theoretical approaches that are commonly recognised (albeit usually as contradictory perspectives) in agrifood studies: food regime theory and actor-network theory (ANT). This framework facilitates the assessment of resilience in different agrifood systems by bridging the conflicting perspectives within resilience thinking by means of a theoretical pluralism. The application of this theoretical framework illustrates how resilience is influenced by both a global structure that rises and declines in response to social, economic and environmental drivers, as well as local actors (both humans and material objects) that, through their relational effects, perform agency to enhance the adaptive capacity of the society. The theoretical framework is examined empirically through case studies of two agrifood systems: Indonesia’s rice agriculture and the New Zealand kiwifruit industry. Data was collected from official documents, published reports and semi-structured interviews with 61 participants as representatives of various stakeholders of the two agrifood systems. The findings of this thesis illustrate that both agrifood systems have demonstrated resilience towards various shocks, but in different ways in response to differing variables. Food regime analysis suggests both that resilience of the two agrifood systems is influenced by the expansions and contractions of the global food regimes over the course of their development and, to some extent, that each agrifood system shaped the trajectories of the food regimes in which they reside. However, food regime theory fails to address the idiosyncrasies that occur and the agency of local actors in shaping the resilience of the systems. Analysis through ANT enables a closer look at how networks of human and non-human actors adapt to the shocks at a particular time and in a particular space. Findings indicate that the multiplicity of rice creates a diversity of meanings and actions by which resilience is enacted in the broad context of Indonesia, while kiwifruit facilitates a process of transformative resilience within the industry in New Zealand as a means to adapt to changing circumstances and shocks. This thesis finds that, firstly, resilience is a dynamic, multi-dimensional, context-dependent process; secondly, different contemporary theoretical models focus on different aspects while over-looking others; and thirdly, therefore, resilience cannot be accurately gauged through generic models and measures. It concludes that resilience needs to be assessed using multiple tools that take account of and accommodate the uniqueness of each agriculture and food system

Investigating resilience of agriculture and food systems: insights from two theories and two case studies

There has been a growing concern described in the literature for the sustainability and resilience of agriculture and food (agrifood) sector towards local and global shocks. Resilience, defined in this context, is the ability of a system or society to recover from crisis while maintaining its function and identity. This thesis identifies two contrasting perspectives influencing contemporary resilience thinking and debated in the literature: one emphasises resilience as a system’s emergent property, and the other emphasises the agency of the system’s components to actively shape the system to be resilient. In response to those perspectives and drawing their significance to the agrifood sector, this thesis seeks to clarify and understand what ‘resilience’ means for agrifood systems in the context of local and global changes. It does so by offering a novel theoretical framework in which resilience thinking is in dialogue with two social theoretical approaches that are commonly recognised (albeit usually as contradictory perspectives) in agrifood studies: food regime theory and actor-network theory (ANT). This framework facilitates the assessment of resilience in different agrifood systems by bridging the conflicting perspectives within resilience thinking by means of a theoretical pluralism. The application of this theoretical framework illustrates how resilience is influenced by both a global structure that rises and declines in response to social, economic and environmental drivers, as well as local actors (both humans and material objects) that, through their relational effects, perform agency to enhance the adaptive capacity of the society. The theoretical framework is examined empirically through case studies of two agrifood systems: Indonesia’s rice agriculture and the New Zealand kiwifruit industry. Data was collected from official documents, published reports and semi-structured interviews with 61 participants as representatives of various stakeholders of the two agrifood systems. The findings of this thesis illustrate that both agrifood systems have demonstrated resilience towards various shocks, but in different ways in response to differing variables. Food regime analysis suggests both that resilience of the two agrifood systems is influenced by the expansions and contractions of the global food regimes over the course of their development and, to some extent, that each agrifood system shaped the trajectories of the food regimes in which they reside. However, food regime theory fails to address the idiosyncrasies that occur and the agency of local actors in shaping the resilience of the systems. Analysis through ANT enables a closer look at how networks of human and non-human actors adapt to the shocks at a particular time and in a particular space. Findings indicate that the multiplicity of rice creates a diversity of meanings and actions by which resilience is enacted in the broad context of Indonesia, while kiwifruit facilitates a process of transformative resilience within the industry in New Zealand as a means to adapt to changing circumstances and shocks. This thesis finds that, firstly, resilience is a dynamic, multi-dimensional, context-dependent process; secondly, different contemporary theoretical models focus on different aspects while over-looking others; and thirdly, therefore, resilience cannot be accurately gauged through generic models and measures. It concludes that resilience needs to be assessed using multiple tools that take account of and accommodate the uniqueness of each agriculture and food system