The Economic Risks of Globalization: Expert and Public Opinion Survey Results. Global Choices 1/2012

The world is changing at breathtaking speed. Global challenges, from climate change to cyber crime, are growing increasingly complex. Emerging economic powers in Asia and Latin America are assuming greater roles in geopolitical matters. The shift of economic power to the east is creating new dependencies. In short, the ground rules of international cooperation are being rewritten. The “Global Choices” publication series takes a closer look at these changes and how they affect politics, business and society. By facilitating an informed understanding of these changes, this series aims to contribute constructively to debates regarding the principles of a new global order and the reforms needed to improve international cooperation. “Global Choices” is also a call to action because globalization is not a matter of immutable fate; its trajectory can be shaped. “Global Choices” therefore underscores the fact that the power to make sound choices lies within our hands

Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher ökologischer Bewirtschaftungspraktiken auf den Bodenkohlenstoff

Zahlreiche Übersichtsstudien beschreiben den positiven Effekt des Ökolandbaus auf den organischen Bodenkohlenstoff. In dieser Arbeit wurde anhand einer Netzwerk-Meta-Analyse untersucht, welche Bewirtschaftungspraktiken weitere positive Effekte innerhalb des Ökolandbaus haben können

Wissensmanagement mittels Wiki-Systemen

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Kohlenstoffsequestrierung in einem Auengley-Vega-Boden nach drei Jahren Feldgemüsebau im Kombi-Mulch-Verfahren

Mulchsysteme sind für ihre positiven Auswirkungen auf Ackerböden und Kulturen bekannt. Ihre Auswirkungen auf die Kohlenstoffsequestrierung im Boden sind bislang kaum erforscht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einsatz und Verbleib von Mulch organischen Kohlenstoff im Oberboden aufbaut

Auswirkungen der Anwendung von Roggenmulch auf Bodenklima und bodenbürtige Treibhausgasemissionen im Kopfkohlanbau

Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Mulchen für den Gemüseanbau von Vorteil ist, da viele Bodenparameter für die Anpassung an den Klimawandel von Vorteil sind und gleichzeitig die N2O-Emissinen nicht erhöhen

Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy of Solid Proline and Proline Solutions

The amino group of proline is part of a pyrrolidine ring, which makes it unique among the proteinogenic amino acids. To unravel its full electronic structure, proline in solid state and aqueous solution is investigated using X-ray emission spectroscopy and resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering. By controlling the pH value of the solution, proline is studied in its cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic configurations. The spectra are analyzed within a “building-block principle” by comparing with suitable reference molecules, i.e., acetic acid, cysteine, and pyrrolidine, as well as with spectral calculations based on density functional theory. We find that the electronic structure of the carboxyl group of proline is very similar to that of other amino acids as well as acetic acid. In contrast, the electronic structure of the amino group is significantly different and strongly influenced by the ring structure of proline

Chemical and Electronic Structure of the i‐ZnO/Inx_xSy_y :Na Front Contact Interface in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2_2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells

The chemical and electronic structure of the front contact i-ZnO/In$_x$S$_y$:Na interface for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)$_2$-based thin-film solar cells is investigated using a combination of x-ray and electron spectroscopies. Upon i-ZnO sputter deposition on the InxSy:Na buffer layer, we find an intermixed heterojunction and the formation of InOx and Na$_2$SO$_4$. The window layer is shown to consist of a mixture of Zn(OH)$_2$ and ZnO, with decreasing relative Zn(OH)$_2$ content for thicker window layers. Moreover, we observe diffusion of sodium to the surface of the window layer. We derive electronic surface band gaps of the i-ZnO and InxSy:Na layers of 3.86 ± 0.18 eV and 2.60 ± 0.18 eV, respectively, and find a largely flat conduction band alignment at the i-ZnO/In$_x$S$_y$:Na interface