PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FORMALIN SECARA INTRATESTIKULER TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIS TESTES MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologis dari hasil kerja formalin 3,6 % dalam menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan testes sehingga diketahui ada tidaknya efek sterilisasi formalin 3,6 % dan mengetahui keefektifitasannya. Kedua puluh empat ekor mencit jantan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini dibagi dalam tiga kelompok seeara aeak, yang semuanya terdiri dari delapan ekor. Perlakuan berupa penyuntikan intratestikuler di mana untuk kelompok kontrol (P I) dilakukan penyuntikan dengan 0,040 ml NaCl fisiologis dan untuk dua kelompok perlakuan lainnya diberikan larutan formalin 3,6 % dalam NaCl fisiologis yang masing-masing dengan dosis 0,020 ml (P II) dan 0,040 ml (P III) pada awal penelitian dan dipelihara sampai 70 hari. Semua meneit jantan pada akhir penelitian dibunuh dan diambil testesnya untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologisnya. Raneangan pereobaan yang digunakan adalah raneangan aeak lengkap (RAL) dan uji statistik yang dipakai adalah uji kruskal wallis. Apabila dalam uji ini terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. maka untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang berbeda, dilanjutkan dengan pembanciingan berganda. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan sediaan histopatologis adalah P I dengan P II berbeda nyata begitu pula P I dengan PIlI. Sedangkan P II dengan PIlI tidak menunjukkan perbedaan

Gambaran Sel Eosinofil, Monosit dan Basofil Setelah Pemberian Spirulina pada Ayam yang Diinfeksi Virus Flu Burung

Virus flu burung yang tergolong High Pathogenecity Avian Influenza (HPAI) mempunyai virulensi yang tinggi dan sering menyebabkan kematian mendadak pada sejumlah besar unggas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat pemberian Spirulina terhadap sel eosinofil, monosit, dan basofil pada ayam yang diinfeksi virus flu burung H5N1. Sebagai hewan coba digunakan ayam pedaging strain Hubbard berjumlah 21 ekor. Ayam dibagi menjadi tiga perlakuan penggunaan dosis Spirulina yang berbeda, yaitu dengan kadar 0% (sebagai kontrol), 10%, 20% dengan masing-masing terdiri dari tujuh ulangan. Perlakuan Spirulina diberikan melalui air minum pada hewan coba sejak usia 19-44 hari(selama 25 hari). Untuk perlakuan infeksi buatan, ayam diinfeksi dengan virus AI (H5N1) (A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/03) 104 EID50(A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/03) dengan memasukkan pada saluran pernafasan (tetes hidung) 0,1mL pada hari ke 19 perlakuan Spirulina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (p0,05) dengan pemberian Spirulina pada dosis 0%, 10%, dan 20%. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan Spirulina dapat mempengaruhi jumlah sel eosinofil dan monosit yang turut berperan dalam pembentukan sistem kekebalan alami (innate) pada ayam yang terinfeksi virus flu burung H5N1. Kata-kata kunci: ayam, Spirulina, virus AI H5N1, monosit, eosinofil, basofi

Potency of Bacillus cereus WPL 415 to Increase Crude Protein and Decrease Crude Fiber of Animal Feed Stuff

This research aims to identify isolate as a probiotic candidate derived from liquor rumen of local beef cattle  and to know the ability of isolates as biofermentor on basal feed to the changes in the nutrient value. The selected samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Surabaya.  This study consisted of two stages.  The first stage was the identification of bacteria through the test of morphology, Gram staining, biochemical, resistance to acidity and 16S rDNA sequencing. The second stage was a test of the ability of the isolates on the nutrient of basal feeds by fermentation for three days in an aerobic condition. Based on the findings of the first phase, it has been identified that probiotic bacterium rods, motility positive, Gram-negative, have viability at pH 2 and pH 3 for 90 minutes and 24 hours and have the ability to ferment lactose, sucrose, galactose, ribose, cellobiose and xylose. Furthermore, based on test results of 16S rDNA sequencing, the probiotic bacterium was identified as Bacillus cereus WPL 415. Based on the research results at the second stage, Bacillus cereus WPL 415 at doses of 0.25% and 0.5% could improve the nutrient content of the basal feed. The results of the proximate analysis revealed that there was an increase in crude protein content of 6.78% until 8.12% compared to the control and was able to lower the crude fiber content of 15.19% and 17.40% compared to the control. Based on these results it can be concluded that Bacillus cereus WPL 415 from local beef cattle can be used as a probiotic candidates to improve the quality of animal feed. Keywords: Bacillus cereus, probiotic, crude protein, crude fibe

The Effect of Spirulina as Feed Additive to Myocardial Necrosis and Leukocyte of Chicken on Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus Infection

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of Spirulina sp. as feed additive to myocardial necrosis and leukocytes which were infected by Avian Influenza H5N1 virus. This research comprised three level treatment of Spirulina 0%, 10%, 20% of the fresh water algae as a liquid supplement, each of which consisted of seven replicates given to 7 day to 32 day old broiler chicken. Artificial infection of Avian Influenza virus H5N1 by entering the respiratory tract (nose drops) using a dose of 0.1 ml inoculum. Blood samples were collected from brachialis vein 0.5–1 ml to calculate leukocyte cell. Heart tissue of chicken were taken to histopathologic and immunohistochemistry examination. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in myocardial necrosis and significant difference (p<0.05) in leukocyte in the treatment of Spirulina sp. The result indicates that Spirulina sp.can be used as feed additive to increase immunity in broiler chicken. Keywords: feed additive; Spirulina sp; Avian Influenza H5N1 virus; chicken; myocardial necrosis; leukocyt

Lactococcus lactis Lactic Acid Bacteria from Intestine Beef Cattle as a Candidate Probiotics

Probiotics is one feeds additive that can be used to increase production of animal husbandry and to reduce the use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). This research aims to identify isolates of lactic acid bacteria from intestine beef cattle that can be used as a candidate probiotics. Survival test on acidity was performed with some modification survival test on bile salts, antagonistic test on enteric pathogen was performed with agar diffusion method with modification in the pouring of pathogenic bacteria. The research showed that Lactococcus lactis showed viability in pH 2 as much as 6.9 x 10' CFU/ml and isolate viability on bile salts 3.9 x 10” CFU/ml. Antagonist test on Staphylococcus aureus showed inhibition diameter as much as 3.0 mm and in antagonist test on Escherichia coli as much as 3.5 mm. Based on the result of the research showed that Lactococcus lactis derived from intestine beef cattle has tolerant on acidity, bile salt and antagonistic on enteric pathogen £.coli dan S.aureus so it has potency as candidate probiotic. Key words : Lactococcus lactis, lactic acid bacteria, beef cattle intestine

Blood Type Synchronization Using Dipstick Membrane in Domestic Cats (Felis domestica) on the Persian Cat (Felis silvestris) in Surabaya

This research objective was to identify blood type polymorphism in domestic cats (Felis domestica) and Persian cats(Felis silvestris) using dipstick membrane and to know a blood cross match between domestic cats (Felisdomestica) and Persian cats (Felissilvestris). A total of 10 male domestic cats, 10 female domestic cats, 10 male Persian cats and 10 female Persian cats were studied. The cats were clinically healthy, one year of age and blood was collected intravenously. The result of blood type test showed that a total of 60% female domestic cats had blood type A and 40% blood type B. A total of 70% male domestic cats had blood type A and 30% blood type B. A total of 70% male Persian cats had blood type A and 30% blood type B. A total of 60% female Persian cats had blood type A and 40% blood type B. The Cross match blood test between male domestic cats and male Persian cats revealed 50% match and 50% did not match, while between female domestic cats and female Persian cats, 70% match and 30% did not match

Sekuensing 16S DNA Bakteri Selulolitik Asal Limbah Cairan Rumen Sapi Peranakan Ongole (SEQUENCING OF 16S DNA OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM BOVINE RUMEN FLUID WASTE ONGOLE CROSSBREED)

This study aimed to identified cellulolytic inoculant code WPL 214 isolated from bovine rumen fluid waste of Ongole Cross Breed of Surabaya Slaughter house. A single colony of isolates celulolytic grown on 5 mL of liquid media Luria Bertani (LB) consist of 1 % NaCl , 1% tripton , 0.5 % yeast extract, containing1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at temperature 37°C, using a shaker of incubator during 16-18 hours. That isolate determined by 16S DNA gen analysis using High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase with primer forward PB36 5’-AGR GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG-3’ and primer reverse PB38 5’-GMT ACCTTG TTA CGA CTT-3’ for PCR. Nucleotide sequence of 16S DNA fragment was determined through the sequencing method. The result was then compared with GenBank database to recognize the type of the sample bacteria. DNA isolation and 16S DNA coding genes amplification were carried out using Kit High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase. Afterward, BLAST was applied to identify the phylogenetic tree. The bacteria was capable of indicating the existence of clear zone in a media CMC by congo red staining. The existence of the clear zone associated with the activity of microbes to degrade cellulose. The conclusión of this research based on the results was the sequencing nucleotides genome 16S DNA showed that cellulolytic inoculant was identified as Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi lebih lanjut isolat selulolitik kode WPL 214 yang telah diisolasi dari cairan rumen sapi peranakan ongole dari limbah Rumah Potong Hewan Surabaya. Koloni tunggal dari isolat selulolitik ditumbuhkan pada 5 mL media cair Luria Bertani (LB) dengan komposisisi 1% NaCl, 1% tripton, 0,5% yeast ekstrak, yang mengandung 1% substrat carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) pada suhu 37°C, dengan pengocokan menggunakan shaker incubator selama ±16-18 jam. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, tahap pertama dilakukan isolasi DNA, tahap kedua dilakukan identifikasi gen penyandi 16S DNA, amplifikasi DNA dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplifikasi gen penyandi 16S DNA menggunakan Kit High Fidelity Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase dengan primer forward PB36 5’-AGR GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG-3’ dan primer reverse PB38 5’-GMT ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT-3’ yang digunakan untuk PCR. Hasil sekuensing nukleotida dari 16S DNA selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan urutan nukleotida dari GenBank database untuk dilakukan BLAST untuk mengidentifikasi berdasarkan pohon filogeni. Bakteri tersebut mampu menunjukkan adanya zona bening pada media Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dengan pewarnaan congo red. Adanya zona bening tersebut berhubungan dengan aktivitas mikrob untuk mendegradasi selulosa. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil urutan nukleotida genom 16S DNA serta pohon filogeni, maka isolat selulolitik tersebut diidentifikasi sebagai Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214

Production and Assay of Cellulolytic Enzyme Activity of Enterobacter Cloacae WPL 214 Isolated from Bovine Rumen Fluid Waste of Surabaya Abbatoir, Indonesia

Aim: This study aims to produce and assay cellulolytic enzyme activity (endo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase, exo-(1,4)-β-Dglucanase, and β-glucosidase, at optimum temperature and optimum pH) of Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214 isolated from bovine rumen fluid waste of Surabaya Abbatoir, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: To produce enzyme from a single colony of E. cloacae WPL 214, 98 × 1010 CFU/ml of isolates was put into 20 ml of liquid medium and incubated in a shaker incubator for 16 h at 35°C in accordance with growth time and optimum temperature of E. cloacae WPL 214. Further on, culture was centrifuged at 6000 rpm at 4°C for 15 min. Pellet was discarded while supernatant containing cellulose enzyme activity was withdrawn to assay endo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase, exo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase, and β-glucosidase. Results: Cellulase enzyme of E. cloacae WPL 214 isolates had endoglucanase activity of 0.09 U/ml, exoglucanase of 0.13 U/ml, and cellobiase of 0.10 U/ml at optimum temperature 35°C and optimum pH 5. Conclusion: E. cloacae WPL 214 isolated from bovine rumen fluid waste produced cellulose enzyme with activity as cellulolytic enzyme of endo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase, exo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase and β-glucosidase. Keywords: endo-(1,4)-β -D-glucanase, exo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase, β-glucosidase., Enterobacter cloacae WPL 214

Potensi Inokulan Selulolitik Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Bekatul dan Performan Pertumbuhan Ayam Pedaging

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bakteri selulolitik yang berasal dari cairan rumen terhadap peningkatan kualitas nutrisi bekatul serta pengaruhnya terhadap performans pertumbuhan ayam broiler. Metode penelitian pada tahap pertama adalah mengetahui kemampuan isolat terhadap perubahan kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar pada bekatul, terdiri dari empat perlakuan dengan lima kali pengulangan. Tahap kedua adalah mengetahui efek penggunaan bekatul yang difermentasi pada tahap pertama terhadap rasio konversi pakan dan pertambahan berat badan ayam potong, terdiri dari empat perlakuan dengan masing-masing enam kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan inokulan selulolitik dapat meningkatkan kandungan protein kasar dari 7,45% menjadi 10,68% serta menurunkan kandungan serat kasar dari 37,38% menjadi 34,39%. Hasil uji pada ayam pedaging menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bekatul yang difermentasi dapat menurunkan rasio konversi pakan dari 2,49 menjadi 1,80 serta meningkatkan berat badan dari 45,69 menjadi 59,88 gram/ekor/hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan inokulan selulolitik dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan nutrisi bahan pakan dan produktivitas pada ayam pedaging. Kata kunci: bakteri selulolitik, bekatul padi, FCR, pertambahan berat badan, broile

Effect of Combination of Probiotics and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Nutrients Intake in Ducks

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of combination probiotics and Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) extract in nutrient consumption of ducks. This study used 48 Peking ducks. The concentration of probiotic was 1.2 x 108 CFU/ml. The treatments of this research were P0 (control), P1 (4 ml probiotics), P2 (4 ml M. oleifera extract) and P3 (2 ml probiotics + 2 ml M. oleifera extract). The data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that feed consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract were no significant difference (p>0.05) between all treatments. It can be concluded that the addition of combination probiotics and M. oleifera extract can be used to maintain nutrient consumption and safe for health ducks