123 research outputs found

    Constraining the dark energy models with H(z) data: an approach independent of H0H_{0}

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    We study the performance of the latest H(z)H(z) data in constraining the cosmological parameters of different cosmological models, including that of Chevalier-Polarski-Linder w0w1w_{0}w_{1} parametrization. First, we introduce a statistical procedure in which the chi-square estimator is not affected by the value of the Hubble constant. As a result, we find that the H(z)H(z) data do not rule out the possibility of either non-flat models or dynamical dark energy cosmological models. However, we verify that the time varying equation of state parameter w(z)w(z) is not constrained by the current expansion data. Combining the H(z)H(z) and the Type Ia supernova data we find that the H(z)H(z)/SNIa overall statistical analysis provides a substantial improvement of the cosmological constraints with respect to those of the H(z)H(z) analysis. Moreover, the w0w1w_{0}-w_{1} parameter space provided by the H(z)H(z)/SNIa joint analysis is in a very good agreement with that of Planck 2015, which confirms that the present analysis with the H(z)H(z) and SNIa probes correctly reveals the expansion of the Universe as found by the team of Planck. Finally, we generate sets of Monte Carlo realizations in order to quantify the ability of the H(z)H(z) data to provide strong constraints on the dark energy model parameters. The Monte Carlo approach shows significant improvement of the constraints, when increasing the sample to 100 H(z)H(z) measurements. Such a goal can be achieved in the future, especially in the light of the next generation of surveys.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev.

    Growth index of matter perturbations in the light of Dark Energy Survey

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    We study how the cosmological constraints from growth data are improved by including the measurements of bias from Dark Energy Survey (DES). In particular, we utilize the biasing properties of the DES Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) and the growth data provided by the various galaxy surveys in order to constrain the growth index (γ\gamma) of the linear matter perturbations. Considering a constant growth index we can put tight constraints, up to 10%\sim 10\% accuracy, on γ\gamma. Specifically, using the priors of the Dark Energy Survey and implementing a joint likelihood procedure between theoretical expectations and data we find that the best fit value is in between γ=0.64±0.075\gamma=0.64\pm 0.075 and 0.65±0.0630.65\pm 0.063. On the other hand utilizing the Planck priors we obtain γ=0.680±0.089\gamma=0.680\pm 0.089 and 0.690±0.0710.690\pm 0.071. This shows a small but non-zero deviation from General Relativity (γGR6/11\gamma_{\rm GR}\approx 6/11), nevertheless the confidence level is in the range 1.32σ\sim 1.3-2\sigma. Moreover, we find that the estimated mass of the dark-matter halo in which LRGs survive lies in the interval 6.2×1012h1M\sim 6.2 \times 10^{12} h^{-1} M_{\odot} and 1.2×1013h1M1.2 \times 10^{13} h^{-1} M_{\odot}, for the different bias models. Finally, allowing γ\gamma to evolve with redshift [Taylor expansion: γ(z)=γ0+γ1z/(1+z)\gamma(z)=\gamma_{0}+\gamma_{1}z/(1+z)] we find that the (γ0,γ1)(\gamma_{0},\gamma_{1}) parameter solution space accommodates the GR prediction at 1.72.9σ\sim 1.7-2.9\sigma levels.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, discussion added, to appear in European Physical Journal C (EPJC

    Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and job satisfaction among physicians in Greece

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    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that psychological constructs, such as emotional intelligence and emotional labor, play an important role in various organizational outcomes in service sector. Recently, in the “emotionally charged” healthcare field, emotional intelligence and emotional labor have both emerged as research tools, rather than just as theoretical concepts, influencing various organizational parameters including job satisfaction. The present study aimed at investigating the relationships, direct and/or indirect, between emotional intelligence, the surface acting component of emotional labor, and job satisfaction in medical staff working in tertiary healthcare. METHODS: Data were collected from 130 physicians in Greece, who completed a series of self-report questionnaires including: a) the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, which assessed the four dimensions of emotional intelligence, i.e. Self-Emotion Appraisal, Others’ Emotion Appraisal, Use of Emotion, and Regulation of Emotion, b) the General Index of Job Satisfaction, and c) the Dutch Questionnaire on Emotional Labor (surface acting component). RESULTS: Emotional intelligence (Use of Emotion dimension) was significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=.42, p<.001), whereas a significant negative correlation between surface acting and job satisfaction was observed (r=−.39, p<.001). Furthermore, Self-Emotion Appraisal was negatively correlated with surface acting (r=−.20, p<.01). Self-Emotion Appraisal was found to influence job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through surface acting, while this indirect effect was moderated by gender. Apart from its mediating role, surface acting was also a moderator of the emotional intelligence-job satisfaction relationship. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that surface acting could predict job satisfaction over and above emotional intelligence dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study may contribute to the better understanding of emotion-related parameters that affect the work process with a view to increasing the quality of service in the health sector

    Preface to the health-psychology article collection

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    Η ψυχολογία της υγείας αποτελεί έναν σχετικά νέο κλάδο της ψυχολογίας που δίνει έμφαση στο βιοψυχοκοινωνικό μοντέλο, όπου η σωματική ευεξία και η ασθένεια αντανακλούν ένα σύνθετο σύνολο αλληλένδετων διαδικασιών, που περιλαμβάνουν ψυχολογικούς, κοινωνικούς και βιολογικούς παραγόντες. Οι ψυχολόγοι υγείας χρησιμοποιούν την ψυχολογική επιστήμη για την προαγωγή της υγείας, την πρόληψη των ασθενειών και τη βελτίωση των συστημάτων υγειονομικής περίθαλψης. Παρά τις σημαντικές προόδους στην έρευνα και την πρακτική, ο κλάδος αντιμετωπίζει πολυάριθμες προκλήσεις, όπως η εφαρμογή της τεχνολογίας και της τηλε-υγείας για την παρακολούθηση των συμπεριφορών υγείας, η διασύνδεση της φροντίδας ψυχικής υγείας με τις υπηρεσίες σωματικής υγείας, η μείωση των ανισοτήτων στην υγεία, η στροφή προς την πρωτογενή και δευτερογενή πρόληψη, η υιοθέτηση μιας προσέγγισης διεπιστημονικής συνεργασίας και η ανάπτυξη και εφαρμογή στρατηγικών πολιτικής και υπεράσπισης/ συνηγορίας. Σε αυτό το ειδικό τεύχος περιλαμβάνονται έξι εργασίες που σχετίζονται με την ψυχολογία της υγείας και αφορούν τον ρόλο των στρατηγικών αντιμετώπισης και της νοοτροπίας γύρω από το στρες στην ένταση των αντιδράσεων στο στρες, τη σημασία των συναισθηματικών καταστάσεων και της επιρροής των ειδικών επιστημόνων στις αποφάσεις εμβολιασμού κατά του ιού των ανθρώπινων θηλωμάτων, τη μετατραυματική ανάπτυξη κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19, τον αντίκτυπο του φόβου για τη νόσο COVID-19 στην ποιότητα ζωής των επαγγελματιών υγείας, τη σχέση μεταξύ του στρες που σχετίζεται με την νόσο COVID και των παραγόντων ανοσίας και αυτορρύθμισης που σχετίζονται με την νόσο COVID, καθώς και τις συσχετίσεις μεταξύ της αισιοδοξίας και του προσανατολισμού στην υγεία κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19. Εξετάζοντας τους ψυχοκοινωνικούς παράγοντες που σχετίζονται με την υγεία, οι συγγραφείς συμβάλλουν στην πληρέστερη κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο αυτοί οι παράγοντες μπορούν να βοηθήσουν τα άτομα να διαχειριστούν και να αντιμετωπίσουν καλύτερα τις προκλήσεις της υγείας. Τα ευρήματα αυτών των μελετών μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στη διαμόρφωση στοχευμένων παρεμβάσεων και στρατηγικών για τη βελτίωση της συνολικής ευημερίας των ατόμων και την αντιμετώπιση των ψυχολογικών πτυχών της υγείας και της ασθένειας, ιδίως στο πλαίσιο των παγκόσμιων προβλημάτων υγείας.Health psychology is a relatively new subfield of psychology that emphasizes the biopsychosocial model, where physical well-being and disease reflect a complex set of interrelated processes, involving psychological, social, and biological factors. Health psychologists use psychological science to promote health, prevent illness, and improve health care systems. Despite significant advancements in research and practice, the field faces numerous challenges, such as the application of technology and telehealth to monitoring health behaviors, the integration of mental health care with physical health services, the reduction in health disparities, the shift towards primary and secondary prevention, the adoption of an interdisciplinary collaboration approach, and the development and implementation of policy and advocacy strategies. In this special issue, six health psychology-related papers are included that address the role of coping and stress mindset in the intensity of stress responses, the importance of emotional states and expert influence in vaccination decisions against human papillomavirus, the posttraumatic growth of community residents and healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 fear on healthcare professionals’ quality of life, the relationship between COVID-related stress and COVID-related immunity and self-regulation factors, as well as the associations between optimism and health orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining psychosocial factors related to health problems and health-related issues, the authors have contributed to advancing our understanding of how such factors can help individuals better manage and cope with health challenges. The findings from these studies may help inform targeted interventions and strategies to improve overall well-being and address the psychological aspects of health and illness, particularly in the context of global health problems

    Mental health information-seeking in Greece from the Global Financial Crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multiple change-point Google Trends analysis

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    Κατά την πανδημία του κορωνοϊού, ο Ελληνικός πληθυσμός βίωσε μία ήδη επιβαρυμένη καθημερινότητα λόγω της δεκαετούς οικονομικής κρίσης που προκάλεσε ανασφάλεια, αβεβαιότητα, και απώλεια συμβολικού κεφαλαίου, επιβαρύνοντας σημαντικά την ψυχική του υγεία. &nbsp;Δεδομένου ότι δεν έχουν ακόμη προκύψει άλλες διακριτές αλλαγές σε επίπεδο πληθυσμού στην ψυχική υγεία, δικαιολογείται η συνεχής παρακολούθηση. Ο προσδιορισμός των αναδυόμενων αναγκών για υπηρεσίες ψυχικής υγείας ήταν ο κύριος στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης. Για το σκοπό αυτό, υιοθετήθηκε μία μέθοδος ανίχνευσης πολλαπλών σημείων αλλαγής κατάστασης σε χρονοσειρές δεδομένων προερχόμενων από την πλατφόρμα Google Trends, με στόχο την αξιολόγηση του δημόσιου ενδιαφέροντος για τους θεραπευτές ψυχικής υγείας και τις ανάλογες θεραπευτικές πρακτικές στην Ελλάδα, για τις περιόδους πριν και μετά την οικονομική και πανδημική κρίση (2004-2023). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα τελευταία περίπου έξι χρόνια, οι Έλληνες πολίτες αναζητούν συχνότερα όρους όπως «ψυχολόγος», «ψυχίατρος», «ψυχοθεραπευτής» και «νευρολόγος» και θεραπευτικές πρακτικές όπως «ψυχοθεραπεία», «διαλογισμός» και «αντικαταθλιπτικά». Μετά το 2011 (και σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις για τουλάχιστον τα επόμενα 5-7 χρόνια), παρατηρήθηκε πτώση στις αναζητήσεις για τους όρους «σύμβουλος ψυχικής υγείας», «ψυχοθεραπεία», «ψυχανάλυση», «διαλογισμός» και «γραμμές βοήθειας ψυχικής υγείας». Επιπλέον, δεν διαπιστώθηκαν σημαντικές αλλαγές στις αναζητήσεις για όρους όπως «ψυχαναλυτής», «κέντρο ψυχικής υγείας» και «αγχολυτικά» για την περίοδο μελέτης. Τα ανωτέρω ευρήματα, σε συνδυασμό με τη συνεχή επιτήρηση, παρέχουν πληροφορίες σχετικά με το δημόσιο ενδιαφέρον για την αναζήτηση πληροφοριών ψυχικής υγείας και μπορούν να κατευθύνουν τις πρωτοβουλίες δημόσιας ψυχικής υγείας ώστε να προσαρμοστούν καλύτερα στις ανάγκες της κοινότητας, αντιμετωπίζοντας τον ψυχολογικό αντίκτυπο της προηγούμενης κοινωνικοοικονομικής και της τρέχουσας μετα-πανδημικής κρίσης.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Greek population was already burdened by the strain of a decade-long financial crisis, which had caused life disruption, insecurity, uncertainty, and loss of symbolic capital, inevitably placing a huge cumulative burden on their mental health. Since other discernable population-level changes in mental health have not yet emerged, continued monitoring is warranted. Identifying emerging needs for mental health services was the major objective of the present study. To accomplish this, a multiple change-point detection and validation approach was employed to analyze Google Trends data, exploring community interest in mental health therapists and treatment practices in Greece. Specifically, Google search data from pre- and post-financial and pandemic crises periods (2004-2023) were analyzed to assess the search frequency of specific topics/terms of interest. The results revealed that, over the last six years or so, searches for terms like “psychologist”, “psychiatrist”, “psychotherapist”, and “neurologist”, as well as treatment practices such as “psychotherapy”, “meditation”,&nbsp; and “antidepressants”, have increased. However, a decline in searches for “mental health counselor”, “psychotherapy”, “psychoanalysis”, “meditation” and “mental health helplines” was observed after 2011 (persisting for at least the next 5-7 years in certain cases). Searches for “psychoanalyst”, “mental health centre” and “anxiolytics” remained relatively stable throughout the study period. These results, combined with ongoing surveillance, can offer insights into public interest in mental health services and guide public mental health initiatives to be better tailored to the needs of communities, ultimately addressing the psychological toll of the preceding socioeconomic crisis and the current COVID-19 situation

    Global meaning and emotional expressivity as possible protective and mediating factors to mental health status and psychological adjustment to breast cancer.

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    Based on theories of adjustment to chronic illness, cognitive and emotional processing of traumatic events, and meaning- making in the context of stress and coping, this study explored two factors believed to influence psychological adjustment to breast cancer. The main variables of interest was existential meaning (defined as the existence of purpose, and personal meaning in life) and emotional expressivity (characterized by the outwardly display of emotions). The aim was twofold: First, to test whether high levels of existential meaning or expressivity (moderators) could weaken the effect of adverse psychological responses to breast cancer (intrusive thoughts) on psychological adjustment to it. Second, to test whether the higher the intensity of the adverse psychological responses to cancer (e.g., intrusive thoughts, helplessness), the lower a patient’s existential meaning or emotional expressivity levels (mediators), which would, in turn, be associated with higher levels of psychological maladjustment. One hundred and fifty three women with breast cancer, five years on average after diagnosis of their disease, were recruited from the breast clinic of an Athenian public cancer hospital, during their follow- up. They completed interview and mail surveys that assessed their level of existential meaning, emotional expressivity, and approach to coping. Main results of the study show that (a) as unwanted, recurrent, and uncontrollable intrusive thoughts and memories about breast cancer become more disturbing, psychological adjustment becomes poorer, (b) as sense of existential meaning, coherence and purpose in life become stronger, psychological adjustment to breast cancer is enhanced, (c) existential meaning partially mediates the relationship between psychological responses to breast cancer and psychological adjustment to it. Implications of these findings for future research, theory development, and clinical practice are discussed

    Observational constraints on extended Proca-Nuevo gravity and cosmology

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    We confront massive Proca-Nuevo gravity with cosmological observations. The former is a non-linear theory involving a massive spin-1 field, that can be extended incorporating operators of the Generalized Proca class, and when coupled to gravity it can be covariantized in a way that exhibits consistent and ghost-free cosmological solutions, without experiencing instabilities and superluminalities at the perturbative level. When applied at a cosmological framework it induces extra terms in the Friedmann equations, however due to the special non-linear construction the field is eliminated in favor of the Hubble function. Thus, the resulting effective dark energy sector is dynamical, however it contains the same number of free parameters with the Λ\LambdaCDM concordance model. We use data from Supernovae Ia (SNIa) and Cosmic Chronometers (CC) observations and we construct the corresponding likelihood-contours for the free parameters. Interestingly enough, application of various information criteria, such as AIC, BIC and DIC, shows that the scenario of massive Proca-Nuevo gravity, although having exactly the same number of free parameters with Λ\LambdaCDM paradigm, it is more efficient in fitting the data. Finally, the reconstructed dark-energy equation-of-state parameter shows statistical compatibility with the model-independent, data-driven reconstructed one.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, 2 Tables, version published in JCA

    Ο ρυθμός διαστολής του Σύμπαντος σε κοσμολογικά μοντέλα σκοτεινής ενέργειας

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    H καθιερωμένη κοσμοεικόνα έχει να κάνει με ένα διαστελλόμενο Σύμπαν, στο οποίο κυριαρχεί ενεργειακά η σκοτείνή ενέργεια και η οποία αποτελεί το αίτιο της επιταχυνόμενης διαστολής. Λόγω του ότι η φύση της σκοτεινής ενέργειας είναι άγνωστη, αναπτύχθηκαν πληθώρα κοσμολογικών μοντέλων, πολύ διαφορετικά ως προς τη φυσική τους, έχοντας ωστόσο εκφυλισμό ως προς τις προβλέψεις τους. Η άρση του παραπάνω εκφυλισμού αποτελεί σημαντικό πρόβλημα της σύγχρονης κοσμολογίας. Ταυτόχρονα, είναι αναγκαίο να περιοριστούν επαρκώς οι ελεύθερες παράμετροι του κάθε μοντέλου. Σε αυτή τη κατεύθυνση χρησιμοποιούνται εξωγαλαξιακά αστροφυσικά φαινόμενα ως κοσμικοί ιχνηλάτες. Το βασικό μειονέκτημα των περισσότερων κοσμικών ιχνηλατών είναι το γεγονός ότι τα αποτελέσματα της αναλυσης τους εξαρτώνται απο την μορφή της διαστολής Hubble, ήτοι το κοσμολογικό μοντέλο. Παρουσιάζουμε την χρήση απευθείας μετρήσεων της διαστολής Hubble, ανεξάρτητων απο υποθέσεις για το κοσμολογικό μοντέλο με τελικό σκοπό τον περιορισμό των κοσμολογικών παραμέτρων. Επίσης, γίνεται συζευγμένη ανάλυση των προηγούμενων δεδομένων με δεδομένα απο SN Ia. Η εργασία μας διαφοροποιείται απο αντίστοιχες της βιβλιογραφίας στο οτι η ανάλυση που πραγματοποιήθηκε είναι ανεξάρτητη της τιμής της σταθεράς του Hubble. Τα αποτελέσματα μας είναι σε καλη συμφωνία με τα αντίστοιχα απο το PLANCK.In the standard scenario the currently accelerating cosmological expansion is a consequence of dark energy dominating the current cosmological energy budget. Due to the unknown nature of the dark energy, a significant number of cosmological models has been developed. The predictions of the latter are highly degenerate, which is a major problem in modern Cosmology. It is also important to constrain the cosmological parameters of each model. For that purpose, extragalactic luminous sources are utilized, e. g SN Ia as cosmological probes. The main disadvantage of the most of currently available cosmological probes is that we have to assume a cosmological model a priori. In this work we used direct measurements of the Hubble function, independent of the implied cosmological model, to constrain the cosmological parameters. The basic difference of this work from others in the literature is that our formalism is totally independent of the Hubble constant. We also used data from SN Ia to perform a joint analysis with the latter. Our results are in a good agreement with the latest results of PLANCK
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