Langmuir dark solitons in dense ultrarelativistic electron-positron gravito-plasma in pulsar magnetosphere

Nonlinear propagation of electrostatic modes in ultrarelativistic dense elelectron-positron gravito-plasma at the polar cap region of pulsar magnetosphere is considered. A nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation is obtained from the reductive perturbation method which predicts the existence of Langmuir dark solitons. Relevance of the propagating dark solitons to the pulsar radio emission is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:astro-ph/9808047 by other authors without attributio

Background information for Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Land use / Population / Climate / Rain / Water resources / Households / Income / Social aspects / Water quality / Sanitation / Drainage / Waste management / Wastewater / Public health / Bangladesh / Rajshahi City

Do Theoretical Restrictions Matter for the Translog Stochastic Production Function? Evidence from the Kansas Farm Sector

Farm Management, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis,

Ab-initio study of the bandgap engineering of Al(1-x)Ga(x)N for optoelectronic applications

A theoretical study of Al(1-x)Ga(x)N, based on full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method, is used to investigate the variations in the bandgap, optical properties and non-linear behavior of the compound with the variation of Ga concentration. It is found that the bandgap decreases with the increase of Ga in Al(1-x)Ga(x)N. A maximum value of 5.5 eV is determined for the bandgap of pure AlN which reaches to minimum value of 3.0 eV when Al is completely replaced by Ga. The static index of refraction and dielectric constant decreases with the increase in bandgap of the material, assigning a high index of refraction to pure GaN when compared to pure AlN. The refractive index drops below 1 for photon energies larger than 14 eV results group velocity of the incident radiation higher than the vacuum velocity of light. This astonishing result shows that at higher energies the optical properties of the material shifts from linear to non-linear. Furthermore, frequency dependent reflectivity and absorption coefficients show that peak value of the absorption coefficient and reflectivity shifts towards lower energy in the UV spectrum with the increase in Ga concentration. This comprehensive theoretical study of the optoelectronic properties of the alloys is presented for the first time which predicts that the material can be effectively used in the optical devices working in the visible and UV spectrum.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Thermal out-of-time-order correlators, KMS relations, and spectral functions

We describe general features of thermal correlation functions in quantum systems, with specific focus on the fluctuation-dissipation type relations implied by the KMS condition. These end up relating correlation functions with different time ordering and thus should naturally be viewed in the larger context of out-of-time-ordered (OTO) observables. In particular, eschewing the standard formulation of KMS relations where thermal periodicity is combined with time-reversal to stay within the purview of Schwinger-Keldysh functional integrals, we show that there is a natural way to phrase them directly in terms of OTO correlators. We use these observations to construct a natural causal basis for thermal n-point functions in terms of fully nested commutators. We provide several general results which can be inferred from cyclic orbits of permutations, and exemplify the abstract results using a quantum oscillator as an explicit example.Comment: 36 pages + appendices. v2: minor changes + refs added. v3: minor changes, published versio

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kekalahan Pasangan Herman Abdullah dan Agus Widayat dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Riau Putaran I di Kecamatan Tapung Hulu Kabupaten Kampar

This research was conducted in the District Tapung Hulu Kampar regency. What problem formulation Influencing factors Defeat Pair Herman Abdullah and Agus Widayat (HA) in Riau Governor Selection Round 1 in the District of Hulu Tapung Kampar Regency in 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the cause of the defeat of the couple Herman Abdullah and Agus Widayat (HA) in the first round of election of the Governor of Riau in 2013 on 4 September 2013 in the district of Hulu Tapung and to know the strategic mistakes made successful teams Herman Abdullah , Data collection techniques that writers use consists of interviews, and documentation, this study used qualitative methods are described in the discussion of descriptive. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the cause of the defeat of the couple Herman Abdullah and Agus Widayat (HA) in the first round of election of the Governor of Riau in 2013 on 4 September 2013 in the district of Hulu Tapung and to know the strategic mistakes made successful teams Herman Abdullah , Data collection techniques that writers use consists of interviews, and documentation, this study used qualitative methods are described in the discussion of descriptive. Judging is based on research results from internal factors of lack of cooperation HA successful team in rallying public voice dikecamatan Tapung Huhu, this is due to lack of team success before with the community approach and successful team that is less known to the public dikecamatan Tapung Hulu, so that the vision and mission of the HA pair is not conveyed properly. Lack of coordination is done successful teams HA pair, where the less successful teams in coordination with community leaders and also the team leader of its own success, so places that are scheduled for the campaign was not implemented due to a conflicting schedule resulted in many people are disappointed. Lack of socialization is done either through the media or through the successful teams in the district Tapung Hulu, while the dissemination through the mass media more done in other districts, so that people in the district Tapung upstream felt less close and feel less attention by HA pair and external factors that mindset that people are easily influenced in particular by the views that should be changed that Tapung Hulu district community leader who had expected a figure of participation and socialization of the high life in order to realize an area with good again. Judging is based on research results from internal factors of lack of cooperation HA successful team in rallying public voice dikecamatan Tapung Huhu, this is due to lack of team success before with the community approach and successful team that is less known to the public dikecamatan Tapung Hulu, so that the vision and mission of the HA pair is not conveyed properly. Lack of coordination is done successful teams HA pair, where the less successful teams in coordination with community leaders and also the team leader of its own success, so places that are scheduled for the campaign was not implemented due to a conflicting schedule resulted in many people are disappointed. Lack of socialization is done either through the media or through the successful teams in the district Tapung Hulu, while the dissemination through the mass media more done in other districts, so that people in the district Tapung upstream felt less close and feel less attention by HA pair and external factors that mindset that people are easily influenced in particular by the views that should be changed that Tapung Hulu district community leader who had expected a figure of participation and socialization of the high life in order to realize an area with good again. Keyword : Governor Elaction, Tapung Hulu, And Herman Abdullah Keyword : Governor Elaction, Tapung Hulu, And Herman Abdulla

Perilaku Pemilih dalam Pemilihan Wali Nagari di Kenagarian Rabi Jonggor, Gunung Tuleh, Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat Tahun 2014

Choosing is an autonomous activity, in the sense of non-pressure and coercion from others. The sociological approach tends to place voting in relation to the social context. The concrete of one's choice in elections is influenced by demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds, such as gender, residence (city-village), occupation, education, class, income and religion. The sociological approach explains, social characteristics and groupings are factors that influence voter behavior.The research method used in this research is descriptive research with qualitative analysis method. This study aims to see how the behavior of voters in the election Wali Nagari in Kenagarian Rabi Jonggor, Mount Tuleh, West Pasaman, West Sumatra Year 2014 that affect the election of one candidate in Pilwana. This study is also to find out how the shift in voter behavior in the context of the social structure of society in Rabi Jonggor kenagarian previously held by other elite groups. So that the influence of various social factors greatly influence voter behavior in determining the choice that make an elite group in government is shifted by other elite group in Kenagarian Rabi Jonggor.The selection of Wali Nagari in Rabi Jonggor Kenagarian Year 2014 shows that the main factor of voters in determining their choice based on sociological approach can be seen from education side, family background or kinship and social class. These three sides determine the voter's behavior in determining the choice because the other side of the sociological approach is not very influential in determining voter behavior, so that the three sides of voter behavior becomes a reference in determining how voters behavior in the election of Wali Nagari Year 2014