Promoting indigenous vegetables in urban agriculture & livelihoods : policy lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa

[From Introduction] Globally, the growth of urbanised areas continues at an exponential rate, and most spectacularly in the developing world. The global urban population will increase from 2.9 billion in 2000 to 5.0 billion by 2030. The mean rate of urban growth in non-OECD countries between 2000 and 2005 was just under 3% per annum, compared to 0.5 % for rural regions of the same countries (UN-Habitat 2006). Although the proportion of Africans currently living in urban areas is the lowest in the world (+ 40%), because of this low base it is not unsurprising that the rates of urbanisation are among the highest at approximately 4.3% per annum. Projections vary, but sometime in the mid- 2020s over 50% of Africa's population will be living in urban areas, as compared to just 15% in 1950 and 34% in 1994. As urbanisation takes place another important trend is revealed, namely the locus of poverty in Africa is slowly shifting from rural to urban areas. For example, it is estimated that more than 56% of the world's absolute or chronic poor will be concentrated in urban areas (WRI 1996). Since as much as 60-80% of the income of the urban poor is spent on the purchase of food (Maxwell et al. 2000), the issue of food supply, both its quantity and quality, is increasingly a central issue in poverty reduction debates and strategies. In rural areas, a common strategy to alleviate poverty is to call for measures to boost small-holder food production. Surprisingly, this is less common in urban poverty alleviation programmes, despite the widespread promise of urban and household agriculture in contributing to improved food security

Molecular identification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly Anopheles gambiae Savannah Form) in Kamuli District, Uganda

Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly A. gambiae S molecular form), the largely anthropophilic species, is reportedly the most important malaria vector in Uganda among the A. gambiae complex species. Indoor and outdoor human-biting mosquitoes were caught for four consecutive nights in each of 48 households in Kamuli district using human-baited bed net traps for subsequent identification of the principal Anopheles sibling species responsible for transmitting malaria. Sibling species under the A. gambiae complex were characterized by polymerase chain reaction using species specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the intergenic spacer region (IGS) with primers specific for A. gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles melas, Anopheles merus and Anopheles quadriannulatus. Molecular forms of the A. gambiae s.s. were further discriminated using primers specific for Mopti and Savannah forms. Out of 300 A. gambiae s.l. amplified, 98% (n= 294) were A. gambiae s.s. Out of 142 A. gambiae s.s. samples analyzed for molecular forms, 78.9% (n=112) were identified as A. gambiae s.s. Giles (A. gambiae Savannah (S) form, while the other 21.1% were not identifiable. the presence of A. gambiae s.s. Giles in Kamuli was also reported. Considering the anthropophilic, endophagic and endophilic behavior of A. gambiae s.s. (and of the molecularly similar A. gambiae s.s. Giles), the combined use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying, larval source management and improved house design in the context of integrated vector management, may be the appropriate vector control strategies in the area. There is also need for regular monitoring of the vector species composition, distribution and behavior for proper planning of appropriate vector control interventions in the future.Key words: Sibling species, molecular forms, Anopheles gambiae complex, anthropophily, IPM

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.5

The Little Red School House, page 1 Light of Learning, page 2 A Child’s World, page 3 Sally Swings into 1940, page 4 Pet Peeves, page 6 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 Sound and Screen, page 10 Schooling at Night, page 11 Do’s and Dont’s for Would-be Teachers, page 12 Alums in the News, page 13 Behind Bright Jackets, page 14 War and Education, page 15 Biography of a Home Economist, page 16 From Journalistic Spindles, cove

Human Factors and Simulation in Emergency Medicine

This consensus group from the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Catalyzing System Change through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes held in Orlando, Florida, on May 16, 2017, focused on the use of human factors (HF) and simulation in the field of emergency medicine (EM). The HF discipline is often underutilized within EM but has significant potential in improving the interface between technologies and individuals in the field. The discussion explored the domain of HF, its benefits in medicine, how simulation can be a catalyst for HF work in EM, and how EM can collaborate with HF professionals to effect change. Implementing HF in EM through health care simulation will require a demonstration of clinical and safety outcomes, advocacy to stakeholders and administrators, and establishment of structured collaborations between HF professionals and EM, such as in this breakout group

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.8

Writing, page 1 Speak Softly, page 2 Application Letters – Precursors to your Job, page 3 Cutting Gay Capers in Sally’s Styles, page 4 Homemaker Success Stories, page 6 Women on the Air, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics, page 8 Books from Crib to College, page 10 Jumps in Journalism, page 12 Iowa State Women Gain Recognition, page 13 Fresh Air in the Mechanical Age, page 14 Fashion Writing Challenges the College Journalist, page 15 Behind Bright Jackets, page 16 Land Yourself a Scholarship, page 17 Alums in the News, page 18 Coed Trickery, page 19 Biography of a Home Economist, page 20 From Journalistic Spindles, page 2

Participation in environmental enhancement and conservation activities for health and well-being in adults: a review of quantitative and qualitative evidence

PUBHLT

The Iowa Homemaker vol.19, no.4

Art, page 1 Caroling Through Christmas, page 3 Personality Packages, page 4 Mask-Making, page 5 Chimes of Christmas, page 6 Fashion in Feasting, page 7 Sally Cheers, page 8 For a Festive Home, page 10 Hold That Tie!, page 11 What’s New in Home Economics, page 12 Packages Go Sophisticated, page 14 Silver Secrets for Santa, page 16 The Plight Before Christmas, page 18 Your Child’s Food, page 19 From Journalistic Spindles, page 20 Alums in the News, page 21 Behind Bright Jackets, page 22 Art with Practice, page 23 Biography of a Home Economist, page 2

The Iowa Homemaker vol.20, no.1

Recreation that Recreates, Editor, page 1 Dual Personalities, Catherine Raymond, page 2 Married Right Out of College, Mary Ellen Lynch Brown, page 3 Sally Bows to Summer’s Sun, Kathryn Cooley, page 4 Selling Yourself, Kathryn Monson, page 6 I Want a Cotton Dress, Marcia E. Turner, page 7 Playtime Pays Dividends, Jane Wiley, page 8 Behind Closed Doors, Margaret Kumlien, page 9 Sunshine Sports, Jeanette Woodward, page 10 Packing the Convention Bag, Shirley Ambrose, page 11 What’s New in Home Economics, page 12 Veishea Presents, Adelaide Richardson, page 14 Picnic Basket, Dorothy Jo Weber, page 16 Alums in the News, Bette Simpson, page 17 Make Room for Music, Nancy Mason, page 18 Behind Bright Jackets, Betty Bice, page 20 Journalistic Spindles, Dorothy Anne Roost, page 23 Biography of a Home Economist, Eleanor White, page 2