31 research outputs found
Relative risks of death from any cause according to BMI and age at enrollment among men and women who are never smokers without prevalent disease, CPS-II 1982β2010.
a<p>Rate per 100,000 standardized to the age-distribution of the CPS-II men/women.</p>b<p>Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, alcohol use, marital status, aspirin use, fat consumption, vegetable consumption, and postmenopausal estrogen use (women)</p><p>Relative risks of death from any cause according to BMI and age at enrollment among men and women who are never smokers without prevalent disease, CPS-II 1982β2010.</p
Relative risks of death from any cause among women according to BMI, smoking, prevalent disease status and race, CPS-II 1982β2010.
a<p>One or more of the following conditions was reported at study entry: prevalent cancer (except non melanoma skin), heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma), currently sick, or weight loss of β₯10 lbs. in past year.</p>b<p>Rate per 100,000 standardized to the age-distribution of the CPS-II women.</p>c<p>Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, alcohol use, marital status, aspirin use, fat consumption, vegetable consumption, and postmenopausal estrogen use</p>d<p>None of the conditions listed in footnote(a) were reported.</p><p>Relative risks of death from any cause among women according to BMI, smoking, prevalent disease status and race, CPS-II 1982β2010.</p
Rates and relative risks of death from any cause among men according to BMI, smoking, prevalent disease status and race, CPS-II 1982-2010.
a<p>One or more of the following conditions was reported at study entry: prevalent cancer (except non melanoma skin), heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma), currently sick, or weight loss of β₯10 lbs. in past year.</p>b<p>Rate per 100,000 standardized to the age-distribution of the CPS-II men.</p>c<p>Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, alcohol use, marital status, aspirin use, fat consumption, and vegetable consumption</p>d<p>None of the conditions listed in footnote(a) were reported.</p><p>Rates and relative risks of death from any cause among men according to BMI, smoking, prevalent disease status and race, CPS-II 1982-2010.</p
Relative risk of death from cardiovascular, cancer, or other causes according to BMI among men and women who are never smokers without prevalent disease, CPS-II 1982β2010.
a<p>Rate per 100,000 standardized to the age-distribution of the CPS-II men/women.</p>b<p>Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, race, education, physical activity, alcohol use, marital status, aspirin use, fat consumption, vegetable consumption, and postmenopausal estrogen use (women).</p><p>Relative risk of death from cardiovascular, cancer, or other causes according to BMI among men and women who are never smokers without prevalent disease, CPS-II 1982β2010.</p
Leisure time physical activity and hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40.
<p>Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p>a<p>HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1β14.9, 15.0β29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5β19.9, 20β22.4, 22.5β24.9, 25β27.4, 27.5β29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current).</p
Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality, stratified by cohort.
<p>HRs (95% CIs) were calculated in models that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1β14.9, 15.0β29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5β19.9, 20β22.4, 22.5β24.9, 25β27.4, 27.5β29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current).</p>a<p>Meta-analysis estimates were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random effects models <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-DerSimonian1" target="_blank">[29]</a>, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> statistic <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Higgins1" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p><p>AARP, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study; ref, reference; USRT, U.S. Radiologic Technologists cohort; WHS, Women's Health Study; WLH, Women's Lifestyle and Health study.</p
Leisure time physical activity level and hazard ratios for mortality and gains in life expectancy after age 40.
<p>The points shown represent the HR (A) or years of life gained (B) for each of the physical activity categories examined, and the vertical lines represent the 95% CIs for that physical activity category. The reference category for both (A) and (B) is 0.0 MET-h/wk of leisure time physical activity. The lines connecting the points help to illustrate the doseβresponse relationship between physical activity and risk of mortality; the shape of the association shown here is similar to that obtained using spline modeling (<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335.s001" target="_blank">Figure S1</a>). HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1β14.9, 15.0β29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5β19.9, 20β22.4, 22.5β24.9, 25β27.4, 27.5β29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current). Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+ y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p
Years of life expectancy lost after age 40 in relation to joint categories of physical activity level and body mass index.
<p>The bars indicate the number of years of life lost for each category, and the vertical lines are the 95% CIs. The reference category is normal weight and 7.5+ MET-h/wk of physical activity (i.e., meeting US recommended physical activity levels). Normal weight is a BMI of 18.5β24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, overweight is a BMI of 25.0β29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, obese class I is a BMI of 30.0β34.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and obese class II+ is a BMI of 35.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> or greater. Years of life expectancy lost after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+ y of age at baseline and not underweight (96.5% of participants). Life expectancy models used age as the underlying time scale and were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1β14.9, 15.0β29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, and smoking status (never, former, current).</p
Selected characteristics according to prospective cohort study.
a<p>History of cancer and/or heart disease.</p><p>IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.</p
Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40 for all participants and according to gender and race/ethnicity.
<p>HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1β14.9, 15.0β29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5β19.9, 20β22.4, 22.5β24.9, 25β27.4, 27.5β29.9, 30+ kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and smoking status (never, former, current). If a covariate was a stratification variable for a particular model, then it was excluded from multivariable adjustment. Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Ghali1" target="_blank">[31]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335#pmed.1001335-Makuch1" target="_blank">[32]</a> for participants who were 40+y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).</p