ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) AIR DINGIN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP DEBIT PUNCAK

Perubahaan tata guna lahan merupakan sesuatu yang pasti terjadi sebagai akibat adanya pertambahan penduduk dan perkembangan ekonomi. Namun perubahan tata guna lahan sering kali mengabaikan respon hidrologi sebagai akibat pertambahan penduduk. Adanya banjir di tahun 2016 mengindikasikan adanya permasalahan dalam tata guna lahan pada DAS Air Dingin. Berpijak pada permasalahan tersebut penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (a) menganalisa pengaruh perubahaan penggunaan lahan terhadap respon hidrologi di DAS Air Dingin, dan (b) menentukan pengelolaan lahan optimal sehingga mengurangi laju aliran permukaan yang terjadi di DAS Air Dingin. Menggunakan model HEC-HMS dan metode Curve Number – Soil Conservation Service (CN-SCS) dalam merumuskan skenario penggunaan lahan sehingga aliran permukaan di DAS Air Dingin dapat digambarkan dalam bentuk hidrograf. Nilai CN-SCS divalidasi menggunakan metode Nash-Sutclife dengan nilai efisiensi (E) 0,75 yang berarti model memiliki akurasi tinggi dan dapat diterapkan. Hasil simulasi terhadap skenario 1 menghasilkan debit puncak 497 m3/s lebih kecil jika dibandingkan debit puncak lahan existing 502,4 m3/s

Rancang Bangun Alat Pemeras Santan Portable Dengan Sistem Ulir Horizontal

Santan kelapa adalah komoditas pertanian serbaguna, terutama sebagai bahan makanan dalam hidangan dan minuman, dengan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Berbagai desain mesin telah dikembangkan untuk mendukung industri pengolahan santan. Salah satu metode tersebut adalah ekstraksi mekanis menggunakan proses pengepresan. Makalah ini menyajikan desain dan pengembangan alat ekstraktor santan kelapa portabel dengan sistem ulir horizontal. Setelah desain selesai, dilakukan pengujian kinerja dan evaluasi ekonomi, yang menunjukkan kapasitas rata-rata sebesar 11,3 kg/jam dan titik impas (BEP) sebesar 2.925,57 kg/tahun. Mesin ini juga mencapai hasil rendemen hingga 76%. Pengujian kinerja lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa suhu air secara signifikan memengaruhi proses ekstraksi sebagai katalis. Secara khusus, penggunaan air mendekati titik didih menghasilkan hasil optimal. Mesin portabel ini ditujukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan teknologi usaha mikro dan kecil dalam pengolahan santan kelapa

Peningkatan Peluang Wirausaha di Nagari Koto Tuo Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring

Abstract:  Dish soap making training can provide many benefits for community empowerment in Nagari Koto Tuo. This training can improve entrepreneurial skills, creativity, independence, and understanding of the production process and environmental awareness of the trainees. Therefore, training in making dish soap needs to be given to the nagari community as a form of community empowerment. This program of activities aims to: 1.) Improve the ability of the PKK Nagari Koto Tuo group to be skilled at entrepreneurship, 2.) Motivate to be active and creative in self-development of the PKK Nagari Koto Tuo group, 3). Have expertise in product tips and tricks, 4. Have skills in producing products. The method in this activity is the counselling and demonstration method in which direct demonstrations of making dish soap, clearly describe each step and provide practical examples to the PKK Nagari Koto Tuo group. The results obtained from community service activities are increased ability and motivation of the PKK Nagari Koto Tuo group in entrepreneurship and self-development as well as increased expertise and skills in producing products.Abstrak: Pelatihan pembuatan sabun cuci piring dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi pemberdayaan masyarakat di Nagari Koto Tuo. Pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan keterampilan wirausaha, kreativitas, kemandirian, dan pemahaman tentang proses produksi serta kesadaran lingkungan peserta pelatihan. Program kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk :1.) Meningkatkan kemampuan kelompok PKK Nagari Koto Tuo untuk terampil berwirausaha, 2.) Memotivasi untuk aktif dan kreatif dalam pengembangan diri kelompok PKK Nagari Koto Tuo, 3). Memiliki keahlian tips dan trik produk, 4. Memiliki keterampilan memproduksi produk. Metode dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode penyuluhan dan demonstrasi dimana melakukan demonstrasi langsung tentang pembuatan sabun cuci piring, menggambarkan setiap langkah dengan jelas dan memberikan contoh-contoh praktis kepada kelompok PKK Nagari Koto Tuo. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah meningkatnya kemampuan dan motivasi kelompok PKK Nagari Koto Tuo dalam berwirausaha dan pengembangan diri serta meningkatnya keahlian dan keterampilan dalam memproduksi produk

STUDI PENGARUH KEMASAN BUAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA PROSES TRANSPORTASI YANG DIUJI PADA MEJA GETAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi yang terjadi pada permukaan buah pepaya selama proses transportasi dengan cara pengemasan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai dengan Mei 2015 di Laboratorium Teknik Pengolahan Pangan dan Hasil Petanian Universitas Andalas, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memakai 4 perlakuan pada buah, yaitu perlakuan dengan diberi pembungkus koran, perlakuan dengan diberi sekam, perlakuan dengan diberi serbuk kayu dan perlakuan tanpa diberi pembungkus. Pengamatan buah pepaya setelah penggetaran dilakukan selama seminggu. Buah pepaya dengan perlakuan diberi bungkus koran mengalami kerusakan sekitar 50%, tanpa pembungkus dan diberi serbuk kayu mengalami kerusakan yang sama yaitu 55,5%, sedangkan yang diberi sekam, kerusakannya adalah sebesar 72,22%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa perlakuan dengan diberi kertas koran adalah perlakuan yang paling tepat untuk buah pepaya selama proses transportasi. Kata kunci – buah pepaya, transportasi, kerusaka

Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Abstract: Background Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health -related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods We measured progress on 41 health-related S DG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2.5th percentile and 100 as the 97.5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59.4 (IQR 35.4-67.3), ranging from a low of 11.6 (95% uncertainty interval 9.6-14.0) to a high of 84.9 (83.1-86.7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attaimnent by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health -related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health -related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence -related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains curative interventions in the case of NCDs towards multisectoral, prevention -oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the S DGs. What is clear is that our actions or inaction today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

Protecting stable biological nomenclatural systems enables universal communication : a collective international appeal

The fundamental value of universal nomenclatural systems in biology is that they enable unambiguous scientific communication. However, the stability of these systems is threatened by recent discussions asking for a fairer nomenclature, raising the possibility of bulk revision processes for "inappropriate" names. It is evident that such proposals come from very deep feelings, but we show how they can irreparably damage the foundation of biological communication and, in turn, the sciences that depend on it. There are four essential consequences of objective codes of nomenclature: universality, stability, neutrality, and transculturality. These codes provide fair and impartial guides to the principles governing biological nomenclature and allow unambiguous universal communication in biology. Accordingly, no subjective proposals should be allowed to undermine them