Två nya språk vid sidan av ett yrke. Språklig praxis inom Novias utbildningsprogram Nursing ur student-, lärar-och arbetsplatssynvinkel

Lähtökohta tutkimukselleni on valtion kielipoliittinen linjaus, jonka mukaan Suomi on kaksikielinen maa. Hoitoalalla tämä tarkoittaa, että työntekijöiden tulisi osata palvella sekä suomen- että ruotsinkielisiä potilaita heidän omalla kielellään. Pro gradu -tutkielmassani keskityn kielellisiin käytänteisiin ruotsinkielisen ammattikorkeakoulu Novian englanninkielisessä Nursing-koulutusohjelmassa. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisen kielellisen kokonaisuuden Nursing-koulutusohjelma muodostaa yhdessä opintoihin kuuluvien harjoittelujaksojen kanssa. Tutkimusaineistoni koostuu yhteensä seitsemästä haastattelusta, joista kolmeen on vastannut Nursing-ohjelman opettaja ja neljään harjoittelupaikan edustaja. Lisäksi käytettävissäni on kaksi päiväkirjaa, jotka Nursing-opiskelijat ovat tuottaneet harjoittelujaksonsa aikana sekä kyselylomake, johon neljä opiskelijaa on vastannut. Analyysimenetelmäni on kvalitatiivinen sisällönanalyysi, jonka avulla olen luokitellut haastattelu- ja päiväkirjamateriaalin. Tekemäni luokittelun perusteella olen etsinyt kyselylomakkeesta kohdat, jotka täydentävät sisällönanalyysin tuloksia. Osoittautui, että kouluaikana opiskelijat sekä opettajat käyttävät pääasiassa englantia. Sisältöopetukseen on integroitu englannin ohella myös ruotsia ja suomea. Nursing-opintoihin kuuluu yksi kurssi ruotsin ja suomen kielen opetusta, jonka jälkeen opiskelijoita kannustetaan jatkamaan kieliopintoja itsenäisesti. Molemmat tutkimukseen osallistuvat harjoittelupaikat edellyttävät Nursing-opiskelijoilta joko ruotsin tai suomen kielen taitoa. Käytänteenä on ottaa selvää opiskelijan kielitaidosta haastattelun avulla ennen harjoittelujakson alkua. Harjoittelupaikalla useimmat opiskelijat puhuvat joko suomea tai ruotsia englannin ohella. Kielivalintaan vaikuttaa paitsi heidän oma kielitaitonsa myös työpaikan henkilöstön ja potilaan/ asiakkaan kielitaito. Kielellisiä haasteita kohdatessaan opiskelijat voivat tulosteni perusteella tukeutua kielenoppimisstrategioihin. Puutteellista kielitaitoa ei nähdä esteenä työnteolleharjoittelun aikana, mikäli opiskelija on innokas oppimaan.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Hygrothermal properties of advanced bio-based insulation materials

AbstractHygrothermal performance of buildings is one key element to the sustainable design, health, and comfort of the indoor environment. Building sustainability depends on all associated lifespan stages, from building design and material production to demounting and waste management. Many building materials are unsustainable in terms of their environmental impacts. One approach to reduce environmental impacts associated with buildings is the development and application of bio-based building materials. The aim of this study was to determine the hygrothermal properties of bio-based thermal insulators that promote energy efficiency and contribute in decreasing environmental impacts of buildings. Here, the hygrothermal properties of eight new peat-, recycled paper-, wood shaving-, and feather-based insulation materials were assessed. Measurements of these material properties will improve understanding of the energy efficiency, permeability, and sustainability of new buildings, building retrofits, or both. Data on these new materials will provide the necessary parameters to develop a hygrothermal dynamic numerical model. The studied bio-based materials appear to provide sufficient hygrothermal performance, which is comparable with conventional insulation materials with minimum embodied energy.Abstract Hygrothermal performance of buildings is one key element to the sustainable design, health, and comfort of the indoor environment. Building sustainability depends on all associated lifespan stages, from building design and material production to demounting and waste management. Many building materials are unsustainable in terms of their environmental impacts. One approach to reduce environmental impacts associated with buildings is the development and application of bio-based building materials. The aim of this study was to determine the hygrothermal properties of bio-based thermal insulators that promote energy efficiency and contribute in decreasing environmental impacts of buildings. Here, the hygrothermal properties of eight new peat-, recycled paper-, wood shaving-, and feather-based insulation materials were assessed. Measurements of these material properties will improve understanding of the energy efficiency, permeability, and sustainability of new buildings, building retrofits, or both. Data on these new materials will provide the necessary parameters to develop a hygrothermal dynamic numerical model. The studied bio-based materials appear to provide sufficient hygrothermal performance, which is comparable with conventional insulation materials with minimum embodied energy

PROX1 and beta-catenin are prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway has a key role in regulating cellular processes and its aberrant signaling can lead to cancer development. The role of beta-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is somewhat controversial. Transcription factor PROX1 is a target of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and it is involved in carcinogenesis through alterations in its expression. The actions can be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive depending on the tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate PROX1 and beta-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: Expression of PROX1 and beta-catenin were evaluated in 156 patients by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. Associations between tumor marker expression and clinicopathological parameters were assessed by the Fischer's exact-test or the linear-by-linear association test. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were carried out by the Cox regression proportional hazard model. Results: High PROX1 expression was seen in 74 (48 %) tumors, and high beta-catenin expression in 100 (65 %). High beta-catenin expression was associated with lower tumor grade (p = 0.025). High PROX1 and beta-catenin expression associated significantly with lower risk of death from PDAC in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.63; 95 % CI 0.42-0.95, p = 0.026; and HR = 0.54; 95 % CI 0.35-0.82, p = 0.004; respectively). The combined high expression of PROX1 and beta-catenin also predicted lower risk of death from PDAC (HR = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.28-0.76, p = 0.002). Conclusion: In conclusion, high PROX1 and beta-catenin expression were independent factors for better prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Peer reviewe

Effects of Angiopoietin-2-Blocking Antibody on Endothelial Cell–Cell Junctions and Lung Metastasis

Background: Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), a ligand for endothelial TEK (Tie2) tyrosine kinase receptor, is induced in hypoxic endothelial cells of tumors, where it promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth. However, the effects of Ang2 on tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis are poorly characterized. Methods: We addressed the effect of Ang2 on tumor progression and metastasis using systemic Ang2 overexpression in mice carrying tumor xenografts, endothelium-specific overexpression of Ang2 in VEC-tTA/Tet-OS-Ang2 transgenic mice implanted with isogenic tumors, and administration of Ang2-blocking antibodies to tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice. Fisher's exact test was used for analysis of metastasis occurrence, and repeated measures one-way analysis of variance was used for the analysis of primary tumor growth curves. Unpaired t test was used for all other analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Adenoviral expression of Ang2 increased lymph node and lung metastasis in tumor xenografts. The metastatic burden in the lungs was increased in transgenic mice in which Ang2 expression was induced specifically in the vascular endothelium (tumor burden per grid, VEC-tTA/Tet-OS-Ang2 mice [n = 5] vs control mice [n = 4]: 45.23 vs 12.26 mm[superscript 2], difference = 32.67 mm[superscript 2], 95% confidence interval = 31.87 to 34.07, P < .001). Ang2-blocking antibodies reduced lymph node and lung metastasis, as well as tumor lymphangiogenesis, and decreased tumor cell homing to the lungs after intravenous injection. In the lung metastases, Ang2 overexpression decreased endothelial integrity, whereas the Ang2-blocking antibodies improved endothelial cell–cell junctions and basement membrane contacts of metastasis-associated lung capillaries. At the cellular level, the Ang2-blocking antibodies induced the internalization of Ang2-Tie2 receptor complexes from endothelial cell–cell junctions in endothelial–tumor cell cocultures. Conclusion: Our results indicate that blocking Ang2 inhibits metastatic dissemination in part by enhancing the integrity of endothelial cell–cell junctions

Yersinia enterocolitica Serum Resistance Proteins YadA and Ail Bind the Complement Regulator C4b-Binding Protein

Many pathogens are equipped with factors providing resistance against the bactericidal action of complement. Yersinia enterocolitica, a Gram-negative enteric pathogen with invasive properties, efficiently resists the deleterious action of human complement. The major Y. enterocolitica serum resistance determinants include outer membrane proteins YadA and Ail. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen (O-ag) and outer core (OC) do not contribute directly to complement resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze a possible mechanism whereby Y. enterocolitica could inhibit the antibody-mediated classical pathway of complement activation. We show that Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:8, and O:9 bind C4b-binding protein (C4bp), an inhibitor of both the classical and lectin pathways of complement. To identify the C4bp receptors on Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 surface, a set of mutants expressing YadA, Ail, O-ag, and OC in different combinations was tested for the ability to bind C4bp. The studies showed that both YadA and Ail acted as C4bp receptors. Ail-mediated C4bp binding, however, was blocked by the O-ag and OC, and could be observed only with mutants lacking these LPS structures. C4bp bound to Y. enterocolitica was functionally active and participated in the factor I-mediated degradation of C4b. These findings show that Y. enterocolitica uses two proteins, YadA and Ail, to bind C4bp. Binding of C4bp could help Y. enterocolitica to evade complement-mediated clearance in the human host

Role of Cancer Microenvironment in Metastasis: Focus on Colon Cancer

One person on three will receive a diagnostic of cancer during his life. About one third of them will die of the disease. In most cases, death will result from the formation of distal secondary sites called metastases. Several events that lead to cancer are under genetic control. In particular, cancer initiation is tightly associated with specific mutations that affect proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. These mutations lead to unrestrained growth of the primary neoplasm and a propensity to detach and to progress through the subsequent steps of metastatic dissemination. This process depends tightly on the surrounding microenvironment. In fact, several studies support the point that tumour development relies on a continuous cross-talk between cancer cells and their cellular and extracellular microenvironments. This signaling cross-talk is mediated by transmembrane receptors expressed on cancer cells and stromal cells. The aim of this manuscript is to review how the cancer microenvironment influences the journey of a metastatic cell taking liver invasion by colorectal cancer cells as a model

Tepelně vyhkostní chování pokročilých bio izolačních materiálů

Hygrothermal performance of buildings is one key element to the sustainable design, health, and comfort of the indoor environment. Building sustainability depends on all associated lifespan stages, from building design and material production to demounting and waste management. Many building materials are unsustainable in terms of their environmental impacts. One approach to reduce environmental impacts associated with buildings is the development and application of bio-based building materials. The aim of this study was to determine the hygrothermal properties of bio-based thermal insulators that promote energy efficiency and contribute in decreasing environmental impacts of buildings. Here, the hygrothermal properties of eight new peat-, recycled paper-, wood shaving-, and feather-based insulation materials were assessed. Measurements of these material properties will improve understanding of the energy efficiency, permeability, and sustainability of new buildings, building retrofits, or both. Data on these new materials will provide the necessary parameters to develop a hygrothermal dynamic numerical model. The studied bio-based materials appear to provide sufficient hygrothermal performance, which is comparable with conventional insulation materials with minimum embodied energy

Growth, freezing tolerance, and yield performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown under controlled and field conditions in northern latitudes

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β-catenin plus PROX1 immunostaining stratifies disease progression and patient survival in neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the transcription factor PROX1. The role of β-catenin and PROX1 in pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, as some studies have associated their expression with tumor regression and some with tumor progression. OBJECTIVE: We have investigated their expression in surgically treated pancreatic cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and patients treated upfront with surgery (US). We furthermore compared the expression of β-catenin and PROX1 between patients who had a good or poor response to NAT. METHODS: We evaluated β-catenin and PROX1 expression through immunohistochemistry in 88 neoadjuvant and 144 upfront surgery patients by scoring the intensity of the immunopositivity as 0–3, corresponding to negative, weak, moderate, or strong. We developed a six-tier grading scheme for the neoadjuvant responses by analyzing the remaining tumor cells in surgical specimen histological sections. RESULTS: Strong β-catenin immunopositivity associated with improved survival in the patients with good NAT-response (≤10% residual tumor cells) (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.26 95%, confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.88 p = 0.030). Additionally, the combined moderate β-catenin and PROX1 expression associated with improved survival (HR 0.20 95% CI 0.05–0–76 p = 0.018) among the good responders. Among the patients with a poor NAT-response (&gt; 10% residual tumor cells), both strong β-catenin immunopositivity and strong combined β-catenin and PROX1 associated with shorter survival (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.16–3.55 p = 0.013, and HR 3.1 95% CI 1.08–8.94 p = 0.03, respectively). PROX1 alone was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Strong β-catenin immunopositivity and combined strong or moderate β-catenin and PROX1 immunopositivity associated with improved survival among the good NAT-responders and worse survival among the poor NAT-responders.</jats:p