«تدبیر سماع» در طب سنتی ایران با تأکید بر دیدگاه «ابوزید بلخی»

The importance of the music as a tool for maintenance and improving the health as well as treating some diseases, has mentioned or discussed by details in the literature of Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this article is introducing this issue and presenting some traditional physician’s  opinions about it; as well as explaining the recommendations of Abu-zeide Balkhi  titleing: ”the policies to use music”;and  paying attention to his subtle approach in expressing the important and wonderful effect of sounds and music on human physical and mental health.«تدبیر سماع» و به عبارت دیگر (توجه به موسیقی) به عنوان ابزاری جهت حفظ و ارتقای سلامت و نیز درمان بعضی بیماری‌ها موضوعی است که در آثار تعدادی از اطبا وحکمای طب سنتی ایران به آن اشاره شده و یا به طور مبسوط مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. هدف این مقاله آن است که ضمن معرفی اجمالی این موضوع و اشاره به تعدادی از نظرات حکما، توصیه‌های «ابوزید بلخی» تحت عنوان «تدبیر سماع»را به طور مفصل‌تر بیان گردد و دقت نظر وی در ذکر اهمیت و تأثیر اصوات و نواها بر بهداشت و سلامتی جسم و روان انسان، به عنوان یک دیدگاه نوآورانه مورد توجه قرار گیرد

Plants from Genus Dracocephalum in Iran: Pharmacology and Phytochemistry Overview

Background: Genus Dracocephalum belongs to the Lamiaceae family, representing 11 species in Iran, containing D. ghahremanii Jamzad, D. lindbergii Rech. F, D. oligadenium Bornm. &amp; Gauba, D. kotschyi Boiss., D.multicaule, D.Aucheri, D.Subcapitatum, D.Thymifolium, D.Moldavica, D. polychaetum Borm, and D. surmandinum Rech.f. The current study aimed to investigate the morphological and phytochemical properties of Dracocephalum species in Iran and their pharmacological effects. Methods: The search was restricted to scientific articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and Scopus. The search was limited to scientific journals, books, and book chapters focusing on the medicinal properties of Dracocephalum in Iran for the era from 1993 to 2020. Results: Findings show that Dracocephalum species were utilized to treat various disorders in traditional medicine. Phytochemical studies show that the main constituents isolated from the plant consist of lignans, phytosterol, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, Sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated and hydro carbonated monoterpenes. These main components are responsible for antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antispasmodic, antioxidant, and cardiovascular effects of the plant. Conclusion: This plant has a good potential for drug discovery and curing different diseases. Therefore, more research will be done on the Iranian species of Dracocephalum based on clinical and animal studies to develop an effective drug formulation. </jats:sec

کاربرد داروهای بوییدنی در پیش گیری و درمان بیماری از دیدگاه طب سنتي ايران

Nowadays "Aromatherapy" as a branch of phytotherapy is an alternative and complementary medical discipline. The historical studies show us that ancient cultures had a great attention to aromatic plants and used to apply them widely in various aspects of their life from religious rituals and embalming their deads to cosmetics and medicinal purposes. Considering the ancient litterateurs, the fragrances were used widely both for preventive and therapeutic purposes in Iranian traditional medicine. Our great physicians (Hakims) like&nbsp;Rhazes , Avecinna&nbsp;,&nbsp;Ali Ibn Rabban Tabari&nbsp;and&nbsp; so on, had designed and practiced a systematic therapeutic protocols consist of natural aromatic and&nbsp; smelling&nbsp; drugs&nbsp; beside other types of therapies, for a wide range of diseases which will be explained in the full text of this article. For example&nbsp;Ibn Nafis&nbsp;in "Al moujaz fi al-tibb" said:" pleasant smells are one of the good&nbsp; general treatments for most of the diseases." In addition, there are many methods of preparation of natural aromatic drugs in our traditional pharmaceutical texts like "Gharabadine kabir","tohfa al-momenin" and "Makhzan al-advieh". So we can conclude that Iranian traditional medicine has a more important role in innovation and progress of aromatherapy than whatever has been supposed.امروزه «رایحه درمانی» به عنوان یک روش گیاه درمانی، یکی از شاخه‌های طب آلترناتیو و مکمل محسوب می‌شود. مطالعه تاریخ پزشکی نشان می‌دهد که تمدن‌های قدیمی توجه زیادی به گیاهان معطر داشته و آن‌ها را به طور گسترده‌ای در جنبه‌های گوناگون زندگی، از مراسم مذهبی و مومیایی کردن مردگان گرفته تا اهداف آرایشی و درمانی به کار می‌بردند. بر اساس متون قدیمی طب سنتی ایران، ترکیبات معطر هم برای پیش گیری و هم درمان کاربرد فراوانی داشته است. اطبا و حکمای بزرگ طب سنتی چون «رازی، ابن سینا، علی بن ربن طبری» و دیگران؛ برای بیماری‌های مختلف برنامه‌های درمانی ویژه‌ای طراحی و اجرا می‌کردند که در آن داروهای معطر بوییدنی در کنار سایر انواع درمآن‌ها، جایگاه خاصی داشت و به نمونه‌هایی از آن اشاره خواهد شد. نمونه‌ای از تأکید حکما در استفاده از داروهای بوییدنی سخن «ابن نفیس» در کتاب «الموجز فی الطب» است که می‌گوید: «بوهای خوش یکی از درمان‌های عمومی خوب برای اغلب بیماری‌هاست». علاوه بر آن روش‌های زیادی برای تهیه داروهای معطر طبیعی در متون داروسازی سنتی ما، چون «قرابادین کبیر، تحفة المؤمنین و مخزن الادویة» وجود دارد. از این رو می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که در ابداع و پیشرفت رایحه درمانی، برای طب سنتی ایران نقشی مهم‌تر از آن‌چه که تاکنون فرض شده است، می‌توان در نظر گرفت

Eye and its health from the viewpoint of Traditional Iranian Medicine

Background: Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) pays special attention to the prevention of diseases rather than their treatment. The six considerations of maintaining health and prevention from diseases are also apply to the eye in TIM. Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between essential lifestyle and eye health and preventive factors of ocular diseases in TIM. Methods: In this library-based study, primarily the standpoints of ancient Iranian physicians on the effect of lifestyle concerning the eye health were extracted from 4 sources including Al-Qanun fi at-Teb, Al-Havi fi at-Teb, AL-mujaz fi at-Teb and Akbari’s Teb about food and drinks, climatic conditions and environment, physical activities and rest, sleep and wakefulness, evacuation and retention, and psychological states; Then some of these factors were compared to new literature. Diseases of other organs effective on ocular health were also investigated.  The findings were compared with modern medicine in medical literature such as PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: Some of the most effective factors on the eye health from the TIM point of view are foods and drinks, sleep, weather conditions, paying attention to evacuation and retention, psychological conditions, physical activities and rest and also stomach health. Conclusion: Correct lifestyle and improving the general health play important role in eye health. Lifestyle modification decrease the risk of developing near-sightedness, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract. More clinical studies should be performed to collaborate the role of all components of the six principles of health maintenance on eye health.&#x0D;  </jats:p

بررسی آموزه‌های حکیم سیداسماعیل جرجانی برای مدیریت سلامت روان: Mental health management

Abstract &nbsp; Background and Aim: Persian Medicine (PM) scholars have six recommendations for maintaining health, among which the management of psychological events is mentioned as one of the most effective and fastest ways to improve health. Hakim Seyyed Ismayil Jorjani, in his books including “Zakhire Khārazmshāhi” as well as “Khafi Alā'I” provided brief recommendations for the management of psychological events, which are mentioned under the title of “spiritual medicine”. The purpose of this study is to present some practical solutions for managing mental health and improving the health level in today's modern life, emphasizing Hakim Jorjani's recommendations. Material and Methods: In the first step, the teachings of Hakim Jorjani in the mentioned books are extracted, separated, explained and analyzed. Also, relevant evidences from new studies are searched and presented from reliable databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Finally, the findings are analyzed according to the goals and questions of the research. Ethical Considerations: This study has been approved by the ethics committee of Shahid University with code IR.SHAHED.REC.1399.051. Findings: Using methods that create happiness, using good words, music, and instructive stories and anecdotes, useful entertainment, social interactions and family communication, appropriate natural drinks, and strengthening psychological skills in order to increase resilience; are the mental health management strategies recommended by Hakim Jorjani, which also have been noted in recent studies. Discussion and conclusion: According to the evidences and new studies, it seems that using the PM scholar’s recommendation in current life, resulted to mental health achievement by managing the stress of today's inappropriate and pathogenic lifestyle. Key words: Persian medicine, Seyed Ismayil Jorjani, Spiritual medicine, Mental health, Psychological events, lifestyle modificationزمینه و هدف: حکمای طب ایرانی توصیه‌های شش‌گانه‌ای برای حفظ سلامتی دارند که از بین ‌آن‌ها مدیریت اعراض نفسانی یا حالات روحی روانی، به عنوان یکی از مؤثرترین و سریع‌ترین راهکارها برای ارتقای سلامتی ذکر شده است. حکیم سیداسماعیل جرجانی، در کتاب ذخیره خوارزمشاهی و نیز کتاب خفی‌ علائی، توصیه‌های موجزی برای کنترل اعراض نفسانی ارائه نموده که تحت عنوان طب روحانی ذکر شده است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارائه برخی راهکارهای کاربردی جهت مدیریت هیجانات و ارتقای سطح سلامتی در زندگی مدرن امروزی با تأکید بر توصیه‌های حکیم جرجانی می‌باشد. روش: در گام نخست آموزه‌های حکیم جرجانی در کتب ذکر‌شده، استخراج و به صورت تفکیک‌شده شرح و بررسی می‌شوند. همچنین شواهد مرتبط برگرفته از مطالعات جدید از بانک‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر نظیر PubMed و Scopus جستجو و ارائه ‌می‌گردد. در نهایت یافته‌ها با توجه به اهداف و سؤالات پژوهش مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار ‌می‌گیرند. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در این مطالعه رعایت امانتداری لحاظ شده است. یافته‌ها: ‌بهره‌گیری از روش‌های شادی‌بخش، به کارگیری کلام، نوا و موسیقی‌ نیکو، داستان‌ها و حکایات‌ پندآموز، ‌سرگرمی‌های مفید، تعاملات اجتماعی و ارتباطات خانوادگی، نوشیدنی‌های طبیعی متناسب و تقویت مهارت‌های روان‌شناختی در راستای افزایش تاب‌آوری، راهکارهای مدیریت سلامت روان برگرفته از توصیه‌های حکیم جرجانی است که در مطالعات جدید هم به آن توجه شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به شواهد و مطالعات جدید، به نظر می‌رسد ‌بهره‌گیری از راهکارهای حکمای طب ایرانی و کاربرد آن در زندگی، بتواند با مدیریت استرس‌های ناشی از سبک زندگی نامناسب و بیماری‌زای امروزی، باعث دستیابی به سلامت روان شود.

The Effect of Myrtus communis Aqueous Extract-Containing Gel on Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: : The medicinal plant Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) has been medicinal properties including antiinflammatory and wound healing in Persian Medicine. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the wound healing potential of the local application of a gel containing aqueous extract of the plant berry in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Seven days after diabetes establishment, full-thickness excision skin wounds were made in normal and diabetic rats and treated groups received topical application of a gel containing 6% aqueous extract of myrtle berries for 3 weeks. The rate of wound healing and the level of epidermal and dermal maturation in the wound tissue were determined. Results: The results showed that after 3 and 7 days of wound injury, the gel significantly improved wound healing by accelerating epidermal and dermal maturation in diabetic rats with no significant effect in control group. However, the wounds of all groups almost completely healed after 3 weeks. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that aqueous extract of myrtle possesses a definite wound healing potential in diabetic condition. Our present findings may suggest the use of topical myrtle berries aqueous extract gel 6% to treat and manage intractable diabetic wounds. </jats:sec

Useful Medicinal Plants for Vision Impairment in Traditional Iranian Medicine

Vision impairment is an important general health issue that imposes many costs on governments and the health system every year. Despite the decline in infectious eye diseases, which has reduced the vision impairment and blindness over the past two decades, vision impairment is still a major health problem in some parts of the world. In traditional medicine books, visual weakness is referred to as “any disturbance in the act of seeing”. Many medicinal herbs have been mentioned in books of Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) for the management of vision impairment. The aim of this study is to review the medicinal plants mentioned in TIM, which are considered effective for the treatment of vision impairment or its enhancement. In this library-based study, medicinal plants effective in the treatment of vision impairment were searched using 6 valid sources of traditional medicine, including Makhzan ol-Adawiya, The Canon of Medicine, Tuhfat al-Momenin, Al-Abniyah An Haqaiq al-adwiya, Al-Shamil Fi al-Sana’at al-tebiyah, and Ekhtiarate Badiee. This was done in 10 steps (finding keywords, searching for resources, preparing a single list, finding synonyms, classifying, reviewing, extracting plants from compositions, summarizing, scoring and sorting based on the obtained score). A total of 89 medicinal plants were extracted, most of which had a hot and dry temperament. Based on the obtained score, 12 plants got the highest scores (10 and above). The extracted plants can be the basis for further clinical studies to make new effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of vision impairment.[GMJ.2019;8:e1285]</jats:p

Eye and its health from the viewpoint of Traditional Iranian Medicine: Eye and its health with Traditional Iranian Medicine

Background: Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) pays special attention to the prevention of diseases rather than their treatment. The six considerations of maintaining health and prevention from diseases are also apply to the eye in TIM. Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship between essential lifestyle and eye health and preventive factors of ocular diseases in TIM. Methods: In this library-based study, primarily the standpoints of ancient Iranian physicians on the effect of lifestyle concerning the eye health were extracted from 4 sources including Al-Qanun fi at-Teb, Al-Havi fi at-Teb, AL-mujaz fi at-Teb and Akbari’s Teb about food and drinks, climatic conditions and environment, physical activities and rest, sleep and wakefulness, evacuation and retention, and psychological states; Then some of these factors were compared to new literature. Diseases of other organs effective on ocular health were also investigated.&nbsp; The findings were compared with modern medicine in medical literature such as PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: Some of the most effective factors on the eye health from the TIM point of view are foods and drinks, sleep, weather conditions, paying attention to evacuation and retention, psychological conditions, physical activities and rest and also stomach health. Conclusion: Correct lifestyle and improving the general health play important role in eye health. Lifestyle modification decrease the risk of developing near-sightedness, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataract. More clinical studies should be performed to collaborate the role of all components of the six principles of health maintenance on eye health. &nbsp

سبک زندگی سالم در پیشگیری و درمان افسردگی از دیدگاه طب سنتی ایران

Depression is a common disease that causes disability in affected people. Also it seems that conventional treatments have various side effects and patients face off recurrent relapse. As a fact prevention programs with focus on life style can reduce the prevalence of depression. Sadness that is one of the important Spiritual symptoms and descripted in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) as inner gradual movement of soul is one of the main diagnostic criteria of depression. In this literature review, the methods of prevention of depression based on health maintaining doctrine of ITM have been evaluated. Valid Traditional Iranian Medicine books and various data bases have been searched. Temperate and fresh weather is one of the basis which helps brain and heart to act their function better. Fast foods and inappropriate diet have a direct relationship with depression incidence. Exhilarant herbs can treat depression. Moderate exercise, waste expulsion, good and suitable sleep and good sexual function are the most important criteria for prevention from depression. The emphasis of ITM on the role of prevention should be considered seriously.افسردگی بیماری شایعی است که باعث ایجاد ناتوانی در مبتلایان می‌شود. درمان‌های رایج دارای عوارض جانبی مختلفی بوده و مبتلایان دچار عود بیماری می‌شوند. اجرای برنامه‌های پیشگیری، باعث کاهش شیوع افسردگی می‌شود. غم که یکی از اعراض نفسانی مهم بوده و در طب سنتی، حرکت تدریجی روح به داخل توصیف شده است، از معیارهای اصلی افسردگی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه که یک بررسی کتابخانه‌ای و مروری می‌باشد، به بررسی روش‌های پیشگیری از افسردگی بر اساس اصول حفظ سلامتی ذکرشده در طب سنتی ایران می‌پردازیم. کتب معتبر طب سنتی ایران و پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مختلف مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. هوای معتدل و صاف باعث بهبود عملکرد قلب و مغز می‌شود. غذاهای آماده و تغذیه نامناسب رابطه مستقیمی با افسردگی داشته، استفاده از مفرحات باعث درمان افسردگی می‌شود. ورزش در حد متوسط، دفع مواد زائد، عملکرد جنسی مناسب و خواب خوب و در حد نیاز از عوامل مهم پیشگیری از افسردگی هستند. تأکید طب سنتی ایران بر نقش پیشگیری، باید به صورت جدی مورد توجه قرار گیرد