The Laser of the ALICE Time Projection Chamber

The large TPC ($95 \mathrm{m}^3$) of the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC was commissioned in summer 2006. The first tracks were observed both from the cosmic ray muons and from the laser rays injected into the TPC. In this article the basic principles of operating the $266 \mathrm{nm}$ lasers are presented, showing the installation and adjustment of the optical system and describing the control system. To generate the laser tracks, a wide laser beam is split into several hundred narrow beams by fixed micro-mirrors at stable and known positions throughout the TPC. In the drift volume, these narrow beams generate straight tracks at many angles. Here we describe the generation of the first tracks and compare them with simulations.Comment: QM06 poster proceedings, 6 pages, 4 figure

The Laser Calibration System of the ALICE Time Projection Chamber

A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is the only experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) dedicated to the study of heavy ion collisions. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking detector covering the pseudo rapidity range $|\eta|< 0.9$. It is designed for a maximum multiplicity \dNdy = 8000. The aim of the laser system is to simulate ionizing tracks at predifined positions throughout the drift volume in order to monitor the TPC response to a known source. In particular, the alignment of the read-out chambers will be performed, and variations of the drift velocity due to drift field imperfections can be measured and used as calibration data in the physics data analysis. In this paper we present the design of the pulsed UV laser and optical system, together with the control and monitoring systems.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

PLoS Biol

Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) induces endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as well as the formation of a tight junction barrier between reactive astrocytes at the Glia Limitans. We hypothesized that the CNS parenchyma may acquire protection from the reactive astrocytic Glia Limitans not only during neuroinflammation but also when BBB integrity is compromised in the resting state. Previous studies found that astrocyte-derived Sonic hedgehog (SHH) stabilizes the BBB during CNS inflammatory disease, while endothelial-derived desert hedgehog (DHH) is expressed at the BBB under resting conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of endothelial Dhh on the integrity of the BBB and Glia Limitans. We first characterized DHH expression within endothelial cells at the BBB, then demonstrated that DHH is down-regulated during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using a mouse model in which endothelial Dhh is inducibly deleted, we found that endothelial Dhh both opens the BBB via the modulation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcriptional activity and induces a tight junctional barrier at the Glia Limitans. We confirmed the relevance of this glial barrier system in human multiple sclerosis active lesions. These results provide evidence for the novel concept of "chronic neuroinflammatory tolerance" in which BBB opening in the resting state is sufficient to stimulate a protective barrier at the Glia Limitans that limits the severity of subsequent neuroinflammatory disease. In summary, genetic disruption of the BBB generates endothelial signals that drive the formation under resting conditions of a secondary barrier at the Glia Limitans with protective effects against subsequent CNS inflammation. The concept of a reciprocally regulated CNS double barrier system has implications for treatment strategies in both the acute and chronic phases of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology

The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems co-located with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to $\leq 11$ known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with 6 undetected in radio. Overall, >235 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power $\dot E$ decreases to its observed minimum near $10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results.Comment: 142 pages. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplemen

Mise en place du bilan partagé de médication : avantages, inconvénients et rôles du pharmacien d’officine

The prevalence of chronic diseases is graually increasing as a result of the rising life expectancy, and particularly affects the elderly. The various factors contributing to the rising life expectancy are clearly correlated with the improvement of living, working, lifestyle and health care conditions. The population of chronic patients represents about 15 million people in France, 3,9 million of them are involved in polypharmacy. The risk of drug interactions for these patients is considerably high, which can lead to serious and/or fatal adverse effects, called iatrogenic, and therefore to hospitalization. The Polymedication Check is a personalized follow-up and analysis of the patient’s medicines (prescription and nonprescription) with the aim of optimizing medication compliance, and reducing the number of problems related to therapy and useless additional costs. These reports are a real benefit for patients, pharmacists, as well as for public health. The establishment of these reports at the pharmacy is governed by various criteria (privacy room, population concerned, interprofessional relationship, transmission to health insurance funds) and official documents (therapeutic support survey).La prévalence des maladies chroniques augmente progressivement du fait de l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, et touche particulièrement les personnes âgées. Les différents facteurs contribuant à l’allongement de l’espérance de vie sont nettement corrélés par l’amélioration des conditions de vie, de travail, de l’hygiène de vie et des soins de santé. La population de malades chroniques représente environ 15 millions d’individus en France, dont 3,9 millions sont concernés par la polymédication. Le risque que ces personnes soient touchées par des problèmes d’interactions médicamenteuses est considérablement élevé, pouvant entraîner des effets indésirables parfois graves et/ou mortels, appelés iatrogénie, pouvant conduire à une hospitalisation. Le Bilan de Médication Partagée est un suivi personnalisé et une analyse des médicaments du patient (prescription et hors prescription) dans l’objectif d’optimiser l’observance des médicaments, de réduire le nombre des problèmes liés à la thérapeutique et de diminuer les surcoûts inutiles. Ces bilans sont un réel avantage pour les patients, pour les pharmaciens, ainsi que pour la santé publique. La mise en place de ces bilans à l’officine est régi par différents critères (local, population concernée, relation inter-professionnelle, transmission aux caisses d’assurance maladie) et documents officiels (questionnaire d’accompagnement thérapeutique)

Conception, synthèse et évaluation d'inhibiteurs de la N-myristoyltransférase (vers le développement de nouveaux antiparasitaires)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

ETUDE DE LA PHOTOACTIVITE DU DIOXYDE DE TITANE TIO 2 (APPORT DE LA RESONANCE PARAMAGNETIQUE ELECTRONIQUE)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact of different acclimation temperatures and duration on the chill coma temperature and oxygen consumption in the tenebrionid beetle Alphitobius diaperinus

International audienceWhen the ambient temperature is lowered to an insect's lower thermal limit, the insect enters into chill coma. Chill coma temperature and chill coma recovery can vary within species as a result of thermal acclimation, although the physiological basis of the onset of chill coma remains poorly understood. The present study investigates how the temperature of acclimation (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ◦C for 2 or 7 days) affects chill coma temperature and oxygen consumption in adult Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). It is hypothesized that the threshold decline in metabolic rate corresponds to the entry into chill coma. Oxygen consumption (as a proxy of metabolism) is measured across the chill coma temperature threshold, and a strong decline in oxygen consumption is expected at entry into chill coma. The acclimation decreases the chill coma temperature significantly from 6.6 ± 1.1 ◦C in control insects to 3.1 ± 0.7 ◦C in those acclimated to 10 ◦C. The change in metabolic rate (Q10) after acclimation to temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 ◦C is 3.7. Despite acclimation, the metabolic rate of A. diaperinus conforms to Arrhenius kinetics, suggesting that the response of this beetle does not show metabolic compensation. The data suggest the existence of a threshold decline in metabolic rate during cooling that coincides with the temperature at which an insect goes into chill coma

Que nous apprennent les étudiants de troisième cycle en études médicales de médecine générale de Rennes du « travailler ensemble » en temps de crise sanitaire ?

International audienceIntroduction. The interprofessional collaboration in the face of the magnitude of the health crisis of Covid-19 need to be reassessed and updated. The purpose of this study was to draw from the accounts of the experiences of junior doctors in general practice in Rennes in the aftermath of the first lockdown their experience and reflection on “working together”.Method. This is a textual data analysis, on 287 narratives written by junior doctors in general practice in the Rennes subdivision between April and June 2020, with a textual data analysis on 35 texts identified as relating to interprofessional relations.Results. This study highlights the interest of 1st semester interns and hospital interns during the writing of accounts on the concept of “working together”. It shows the importance of decisions, tensions and the organizational framework that surrounds them. The sharing of skills is the predominant type of relationship in the texts. It is noted that authoritarian management is opposed to the federation of actors, while meetings that exacerbate conflict are opposed to team mediation. Finally, federation is reported in the accounts of ambulatory placements, while conflict is reported in the accounts of hospital placements.Conclusion. This work raises several notions already observed in social science and provides avenues for reflection. It shows the influence of structure on the practice of collective work. The interns were able to develop their power to act and became aware of their skills during this health crisis.Introduction. La collaboration interprofessionnelle devant l’ampleur de la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 est à réévaluer et à actualiser. L’objectif de cette étude était de tirer des récits d’expériences réalisés par les étudiants de 3e cycle de médecine générale de Rennes dans les suites du premier confinement, leur vécu et réflexions sur le « travailler ensemble ».Méthode. Analyse de données textuelles, portant sur 287 récits écrits par les étudiants de médecine générale de la subdivision rennaise entre avril et juin 2020, avec une analyse de données textuelles sur 35 textes identifiés comme relevant des relations interprofessionnelles.Résultats. Cette étude a permis de mettre en avant l’intérêt des étudiants de premier semestre et des étudiants en stage hospitalier durant la rédaction des récits concernant le « travailler ensemble ». Elle montre l’importance des décisions, des tensions et de leur cadre organisationnel. La mutualisation des compétences est la nature de relation prédominante dans les textes. La direction autoritaire s’oppose à la fédération d’acteurs, tandis que des réunions exacerbant le conflit s’opposent à une médiation d’équipe. La fédération est rapportée aux récits de stages ambulatoires, le conflit aux récits de stages hospitaliers.Conclusion. Ce travail soulève plusieurs notions déjà constatées en sciences sociales, et permet des pistes de réflexion. Il montre l’influence de la structure sur la pratique du travail collectif. Les internes ont pu développer leur pouvoir d’agir et conscientisé leurs compétences durant cette crise sanitaire

Fronts, meanders and eddies in Drake Passage during the ANT-XXIII/3 cruise in January-February 2006: A satellite perspective

International audienceWe used satellite altimetric data to provide a context for the results of the ANT-XXIII/3 cruise in January-February 2006 both in time (16 years) and space (the whole of Drake Passage). The repeat of the hydrographical section within 3 weeks permitted different comparisons between the in-situ datasets and the satellite data products. Comparisons suggested that the multi-satellite product improved the temporal resolution on a Jason-1 track.A detailed analysis of the four absolute dynamic topography maps contemporaneous with the ANT-XXIII/3 cruise permitted identification of the location of the frontal branches of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, of the major meanders and eddies. This spatial context proved particularly valuable for the interpretation of the in-situ data (see companion papers of Provost et al., 2011; Renault et al., 2011; Sudre et al., 2011).The altimetric time-series documented the long-term trends in sea-surface height, the recurrence of major frontal meanders and eddies and the statistical links between them. Negative trends in the Yaghan Basin indicated that both the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front have shifted to the north of their climatological location. This northward shift in the Yaghan Basin contrasts with the large-scale southward shift in the Polar Front current core described in the literature, and is probably related to the local bottom topography in Drake Passage.Sea-level anomaly patterns observed during the cruise were related to statistical modes of the corresponding variations in Drake Passage. For example, the southward meander of the Subantarctic Front at the entrance to Drake Passage was part of a dipole comprising an adjacent Polar Front meander and occurred with a close to annual periodicity.A census of eddies in the Ona Basin revealed that the spatial distribution of anticyclonic eddies was consistent with generation from a meander of the Polar and Southern ACC Fronts over the Ona Seafloor Depression, while cyclonic eddies mostly originated from meanders of southern fronts associated with two rises on the continental slope: the Ona Rise and the Terror Rise