THE SOCIAL AND SPATIAL DIVISIONS OF PRECARIOUS LABOR

The dissertation is composed of four manuscripts, positioned within the field of economic geography. Manuscript one broadly examined how precarious forms of employment (PFEs) are spatially patterned within multiple scales and across a range of geographies. The results suggested that different PFEs exhibited distinct spatial patterns across space and scale. For example, temporary and involuntary part-time work was more prevalent in Atlantic Canada and became gradually less prevalent moving westward. In contrast, part-time employment and employment in multiple jobs were more common in western Canada than in central and Atlantic Canada. The results also confirmed that all PFEs (except for involuntary-part-time work) were more common in rural and small-town areas, and less common in large urban areas. Second, using logistic regression models, results showed that the prevalence of PFEs was reinforced by factors such as immigration status, gender, age, education, and income. These models further confirmed that spatial patterns of PFEs were robust in finer scales i.e. CMAs (census metropolitan areas) and urban/rural geographies even when controlling for socio-demographic and socio-economic effects. Manuscripts two and three builds on the findings in manuscript one by examining how PFEs are spatially patterned across social locations of gender and immigration status, respectively. Results showed that the east-west and urban-rural patterns observed in manuscript one were partially distorted when the analyses were disaggregated by gender and immigration status. The robustness of these spatial distortions was confirmed using logistic regression models. The fourth manuscript sought to understand the spatial characteristics influencing the spatial variations of temporary employment using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Key findings revealed that CMA/CAs (census metropolitan areas/census agglomerations) characterized by large shares of manufacturing, utility, and management occupations were significantly negatively associated with temporary employment. Conversely, CMA/CAs with high shares of sales and service occupations were positively associated with temporary employment. Generally, population characteristics (measured by metropolitan areas characterized by a high share of Asian immigrants, low-income earners, and employment insurance beneficiaries) contributed more to explaining positive temporary employment estimates than industry characteristics.DissertationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD

أثر القيادة الاستراتيجية في تحقيق الرشاقة التنظيمية بحث تحليلي في ديوان محافظة الانبار

يهدف البحث إلى بيان مدى دور القيادة الاستراتيجية كمتغير مستقل في تحقيق الرشاقة التنظيمية كمتغير تابع. ذلك من أجل التوصل إلى أفضل السبل لتحقيق جوانب الرشاقة التنظيمية في كافة مفاصل ديوان محافظة الانبار، إذ تم اعتماد المنهج التحليلي الوصفي من أجل انجاز البحث الحالي، إذ تم الاختبار لعدد من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية فيما يتعلق علاقات التأثير والارتباط، إذ تم التوصل إلى إجابات عن الأسئلة المتعلقة بمشكلة البحث، حيث تم اختيار عينة عمدية قصدية تمثلت بـ (60) شخصاً من القيادات العليا واصحاب القرار في ديوان محافظة الانبار، إذ تم الاعتماد على الاستبانة كأداة رئيسية في جمع المعلومات، وقد تم تحليل ومعالجة البيانات وفق برنامج (SPSS) الاحصائي، كما تم استخدام الوسائل المتمثلة بالانحراف المعياري والوسط الحسابي الموزون والأهمية النسبية ومعامل الارتباط لسبيرمان، أبرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحث هو حصول بعد اتخاذ القرار على الترتيب الأول من بين الأبعاد التي قيس بها (الرشاقة التنظيمية) ويدل ذلك على الاهتمام الواضح في صياغة اتخاذ القرارات وفق مبدأ المشاورة وعدم التفرد في اتخاذها , أما أبرز التوصيات هو زيادة الاهتمام برأس المال البشري من خلال اقامة الندوات والعمل على زيادة الالفة والتعاون بين أفرادها وزيادة مهاراتهم الابداعية والمعرفية

Structural and Molecular Insights into AipA and OmpA: Key Drivers of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Host Cell Invasion

Background: This analysis investigates invasion tactics of Anaplasma phagocytophilum which constitutes a gram-negative bacterial species that causes the tick-borne pathogen known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Aim: This study analyzes structural and molecular dynamic aspects of invasion proteins AipA and OmpA by computational means. These scientific analyzes investigate bacterial adhesion and invasion mechanisms and their receptor-specific bonds to CD13 and Sialyl Lewis x. Materials: SOPMA, VADAR 1.8, MapPred and trRosetta were used to determine secondary and tertiary structures of AipA and OmpA. The docking simulations conducted with AutoDock Vina and HDOCK identified interaction areas between AipA and CD13 and also between OmpA with Sialyl Lewis x. The analysis of residue interactions helped identify the binding sites through visual representation of their dynamical patterns. Results: The compact AipA exhibits four critical residues SER82 and THR91 and ILE150 and PHE155 that enable stable connection with CD13 host receptors. The receptor-mediated internalization process depends on the stable structural configuration of this molecule. The ability of OmpA to bind Sialyl Lewis x effectively stems from flexible composition elements GLU160 and LYS45 and HIS87 which create operative flexibility. The ability of OmpA to adapt its interactions follows both hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contact establishment patterns. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates that AipA maintains strong binding stability through tight binding interactions yet OmpA shows moderate binding affinity along with flexibility towards different receptor conformations. The analysis establishes how AipA and OmpA use different methods to facilitate their interactions between pathogens and hosts. Conclusions: The outcomes create opportunities to develop targeted medical approaches targeted at adhesion and invasion blockage thus requiring experimental verification for future application

The Role of the Federal Office of Financial Supervision in Auditing Industrial Activity to Achieve Sustainable Development

The research aims toShedding light on the nature of financial control and sustainable development in terms of dimensions and objectives.as well asLinking the observations of the Office of Financial Supervision to the dimensions and objectives of sustainable development and its relationship to industrial activityThe researchers reached a set of recommendations, including:The contribution of the activities of coke and refined petroleum products by (24%) by employing the workforce, followed by the activities of the other non-metallic minerals industry by (20.1%). They also found thatsustainable developmentMeansbalancesbetween thingsThe economic, social, environmental and institutional needs of the present and future generations on the other hand. And therefore deduceThe weak performance of the Ministry of Industry in contributing to the achievement of the sustainable development goals (eighth and ninth) and the eighth goal represented in: developing steady, comprehensive and sustainable economic growth for all, full and productive employment, and providing decent work for all, and its goal (developing efficiency in the use of global resources in the field of consumption and production), And the ninth goal: which includes encouraging inclusive and sustainable industrialization for all, and encouraging innovation, and its goal is (the development of inclusive and sustainable industrialization)

Knowledge of One Health Approach Policy and Antimicrobial Resistance Among the General Public: KAP Survey

Background: The combination of patients\u27 unsustainable use of antibiotics and doctors\u27 inappropriate prescribing practices has resulted in challenges for disease control in the community and inadequate delivery of healthcare services. Methods: The General Public\u27s understanding and awareness of AMR and the One Health Approach policy were evaluated through the use of a cross-sectional study questionnaire. Results were analysed statistically using SPSS software Study participants\u27 knowledge, attitude, and perspective scores were predicted using ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants who were self-employed have good knowledge (41.8%) about AMR and One Health Approach policy and also had higher KAP scores (CI = 4.885). Factors like age and gender were observed to have no impact on aggregate KAP scores. Conclusion: In light of the knowledge gaps identified in our survey, development and implementation of health education and campaign will help to improve awareness among General Public.   DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v13.i4.133

Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Antiviral Compounds Targeting the Norovirus RdRp Protein

Background: Human noroviruses (NV) are the primary etiological organisms causing acute gastroenteritis around the world, causing severe morbidity and imposing a significant economic burden. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for viral replication and could be a promising target for anti-NV therapeutics. Despite the discovery of a few NV RdRp inhibitors, the majority of these pharmaceuticals have demonstrated limited efficacy in inhibiting viral replication in cellular models.Methods: In this study, computational screening of antiviral compounds was conducted targeting the NV RdRp protein. The assessment was based on binding poses and the key residues of RdRp involved in interactions with compounds.Results: The compounds namely, Ribavirin, BMS806, Dihydromyricetin, R7935788, and LY2784544 were found to bind the RdRp protein with high affinity. Notably, these compounds displayed significantly lower binding affinities compared to the positive control, PPNDS. In addition, these compounds exhibited many RdRp protein binding residues that were also present in the PPNDS.Conclusion: The results presented here suggest that these compounds have the potential to be used as inhibitors of NV RdRp in the development of antiviral medications. Nevertheless, due to the computational nature of this study, it is imperative to do experimental validation.Keywords: Noroviruses; RdRp; Virtual screening; Antiviral Compounds 

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Program’s Residents in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) focuses on stimulating the body’s ability to heal itself through energy alignment, herbal supplementation, and other balancing techniques. AIM: The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) of CAM among program’s residents in Tabuk region. METHODS: A cross-sectional CAP study was conducted among program’s residents in Tabuk region. All program’s residents of all specialties in Tabuk region were included in the study. Data were collected by predesigned electronic questionnaire covering the needed items. Collected data were coded and analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA. The Chi-square test was used as a test of significance and p = 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Most (95.8%) of the participants have heard about CAM, 25% have used CAM in treatment before, and 72.3% of them reported beneficial outcome, 25.7% strongly agree and 48.6% agree that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine, 38.2% believed that the results of CAM are usually due to the placebo effect, and 52.1% recommended using CAM. On the other hand, 79.9% have knowledge about acupuncture, 54.9% spiritual healing and herbal medicine, 43.1% massage, 41% yoga, 70.8% bloodletting cupping, and 56.3% about cauterization. More than third (38.2%) of the participants agreed that the use of herbal products is a valid form of drugs which can be used for the treatment of variety of diseases, 48.6% agreed that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine, while 36.1% strongly agreed that CAM treatments are not tested in a scientifically recognized manner. CONCLUSION: In our study, the majority of program’s residents in Tabuk region agree that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine and recommended using CAM while reasonable percentage of them believed that the results of CAM are usually due to the placebo effect

Physicians’ Perspective on Diabetes Mellitus Management within the Context of Personalized Medicine Era in Tabuk Governorate, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Minimizing the number of therapy failures and decreasing the diabetic complications can be achieved by the application of personalising diabetes therapy, based on patient`s genetics, however, currently, personalised Medicine (PM) in diabetes mellitus management is not extensively applied. AIM: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and willingness of physicians in practising of PM in diabetes management. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was implemented among 126 physicians from six different governmental hospitals and 12 primary care centres selected by the stratified random sampling technique in the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia. A structured self-administered questionnaire was utilised for data collection. A simple scoring system (scale of 5 points) was utilised to assess knowledge and willingness. Likert scale was applied to evaluate the attitudes towards practising PM in DM management by the fixed choice response formats. RESULTS: The majority of the participants (97.62%) claimed not receiving any PM and/or genomic medicine training. Most of them (82.54%) expressed unsatisfactory knowledge concerning personalised DM, whereas the medium level of attitudes was reported among 57.14% of them and a good level of willingness had been observed among 76.98% of the physicians. CONCLUSION: Emphasizing on essential personalised DM management knowledge aspects should be given a considerable priority. Fortunately, positive attitudes and goodwill of physicians towards PM are encouraging and should be supported by policymakers

Associations between widowhood status/duration, depression, and cognitive function among community-dwelling Indians age 60 years or older: Exploration of sex and residential factors

BackgroundThe death of a spouse is considered one of the most life challenging stressors. Widowhood has a profound influence on health and may increase the risk of depression and poorer cognitive function. Discriminatory practices in India, such as taboos against remarrying, a lack of occupational opportunities, and social support, may lead to differential widowhood experiences, especially among women. This study examined the associations between widowhood status/duration, depression and cognitive function among community-dwelling men and women in India. Considering the unique cultural and societal context in India, this study also sought to examine differences by sex, rural/urban residence, and multigenerational living status.MethodsWe used baseline data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India. Data were collected between 2017 and 2019. The study sample consisted of 14,691 men and 15,948 women age ≥ 60 years. Depression was measured using the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview and global cognitive functioning was measured using an assessment adapted from the Mini-Mental State Examination and the cognitive module of the United States Health and Retirement Study, and its sister studies. We employed adjusted multivariable logistic and linear regression models to examine the association of widowhood status/duration with the risk of depression, and cognitive function.ResultsCompared to currently married, those widowed within 0-9 years had a higher risk of depression (Men: aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.27; Women: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.25, 1.98) and worse cognitive functioning (Men: B = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.30; Women: B = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.91). Among those widowed within 0-9 years, men had a slightly greater risk of worse cognitive functioning than women. As widowhood duration increased, the association between widowhood and worse cognitive functioning was no longer significant among men but remained significant among women. Analyses stratified by rural/urban residence and multigenerational living status and their interactions with widowhood status/duration revealed similar trends. However, the associations between widowhood status/duration and worse cognitive function were more pronounced among women in non-multigenerational households (interaction p <.05).ConclusionsOlder adults who were widowed within 0-9 years had a higher risk of depression and worse cognitive functioning. The adverse effects of widowhood on cognition were no longer significant among men but persisted for women with longer widowhood duration. Non-multigenerational households exacerbated the influence of widowhood on the higher risk of depression and worse cognitive functioning, but findings by urban/rural residence were mixed. Future research should explore what other factors moderate widowhood and health relations and examine changes in widowhood duration over time

Overview on Epidemiology and Management of Myxedema Coma or Crisis

The most severe type of hypothyroidism is known as myxedema coma, which can quickly lead to death if not identified and treated aggressively. The condition known as hypothyroidism is easily detected and treated. But if ignored, it might eventually progress to myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism. Since the majority of patients do not initially appear in a coma, the term "myxedema coma" is usually regarded as misleading. Lethargy usually progresses to stupor, which then becomes a coma with hypothermia and respiratory failure. only clinical criteria are used for diagnosis because thyroid hormone assays are unable to distinguish between simple hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. Apart from essential medical interventions, the treatment focuses on preventing thyroid hormone production and secretion as antithyroid medications, and preventing the peripheral effects of thyroid hormone as β-blocker, glucocorticoids. The diagnosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood is the same as that of simple hypothyroidism. As soon as a diagnosis is obtained, treatment should start right away. The majority of hospital and commercial laboratories can turnaround a TSH test in a matter of hours