The regions of interests, the BOLD activities of which correlate the most with the ADHD score variability in a sample of subjects and achieve the lowest prediction error.

The regions associated with ADHD are colored red, those associated with ADHD Hyper/Impulsive are blue, and the ones associated with ADHD Inattentive are colored green.</p

This figure displays the estimated functional coefficients by the MFG-LASSO from a hundred simulated data sets when <i>n</i> = 500, <i>σ</i> = 0.01.

The green curves are the true coefficient curves and the grey curves are the estimated coefficients. The estimated curves for the remaining of the coefficients from the seventh to the nineteenth are very similar to the fourth, fifth, and sixth functions (inactive coefficients) displayed in this figure.</p

The multi-slice display (Axial, Coronal, Sagittal) of the regions of interests, the BOLD activities of which achieves the lowest prediction error and correlate the most with the ADHD score variability in the sample when the MFG-LASSO is used.

The regions associated with the ADHD score are colored red, those associated with the ADHD Hyper/Impulsive are blue, and the ones associated with the ADHD Inattentive score are colored green.</p

Percentages of correct selection in the test set under various simulation scenarios when we have unbalanced time points for each observation.

(PDF)</p

The results of applying the proposed methods to the fMRI data when predicting the IQ and ADHD scores.

The results of applying the proposed methods to the fMRI data when predicting the IQ and ADHD scores.</p

Supplementary materials.

(PDF)</p

The multi-slice display (Axial, Coronal, Sagittal) of the regions of interests, the BOLD activities of which achieves the lowest prediction error and correlate the most with the IQ score variability in the sample when the MFG-LASSO is used.

The regions associated with the IQ score are colored red, those associated with the performance IQ are blue, and the ones associated with the verbal IQ are colored green.</p

Average test RMSE of different methods under different simulation scenarios.

In each case, 100 random samples are used to compute the mean and standard deviation with parentheses.</p

Percentages of correct selection in the test set under various simulation scenarios.

In each case, 100 random samples are used. In each sample, we count the correctly identified functional predictors for the active set of the size 3 and the inactive set of the size 16. Then, we compute the overall percentage out of 100 samples.</p

This figure displays the estimated functional coefficients by the MFG-LASSO from a hundred simulated data sets when <i>n</i> = 100, <i>σ</i> = 1.

The green curves are the true coefficient curves and the grey curves are the estimated coefficients. The estimated curves for the remaining of the coefficients from the seventh to the nineteenth are very similar to the fourth, fifth, and sixth functions (inactive coefficients) displayed in this figure.</p