Business Plan: Paper Recycling Plant

This Business Plan was written for Business Plan competition organized by Ministry of Youth Affairs Government of Pakistan. It explains the paper recycling business, its pros and cons, cost of paper recycling, plant options and feasibility.Paper; recycling; business; plan; paper recycling; business plan; pakistan

Socio-demographic and built environment determinants of car use among older adults in Iran

Internationally, an age-friendly built environment, including safe, affordable, and convenient transportation, has been identified as crucial in enhancing the quality of life for increasingly large numbers of elderly people. This study presents data on the urban travel and mobility patterns of older adults in Shiraz, Iran – a country where the population is ageing faster than the average of western societies. The relationship between car use and socio-demographic and built environment variables is investigated through Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression models. These models show that the main determinants of car use among older adults are: employment status; household size; car ownership rate; trip purpose; property prices; and mixed land-uses. Also, the study reveals that car dependency is significant and more pronounced among wealthier individuals, who tend to be clustered in the northern section of the city. The population density and road network design characteristics do not affect car use among older adults, while a mix of land-uses tends to attenuate car dependency. Gender gaps in car use are much wider than in the West, and some level of spatial mismatch between travel needs and car access is observed in the southern section of the city. Clearly, Iranian cities must move away from the current car-centric development model

Synthesis and formulation of diethyltoluamide as an insect repellent

During World War II more than 10,000 chemical substances were tested as insect repellents. Perhaps the best and all-purpose repellent developed since then is diethyltoluamide, which in various tests has been shown to be the most effective agent against a wide variety of insects. In this study diethyltoluamide was synthesized and formulated as a gel. Reaction of primary acid with thionylchloride produced acyl halide, which in reaction with diethylamine produced diethyltoluamide, with 96% yield. Reaction of diethylamine with ethyl ester of primary acid did not yield diethyltoluamide even in different experimental conditions. For production of diethyltoluamid gel, various gelling agents such as carbapol and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were tested. The results showed that a suitable gel could be formulated by HPMC. Physical stability, spread and viscosity of gels were evaluated. The gels that contained 14 and 18% of diethyltoluamide were stable. Rheograms of the gels that were plotted by brockfild viscometer showed that the gels have a psudoplastic characteristic

Integrated Water Resource Management and Climate Change

The documentation of local progress assistances from climate change qualification is a likely inspiring feature to attain this. But, there is a deficiency of applied instances of how climate change qualification and progress priorities can be combined in general development procedures, chiefly in low- and internal-profits nations. Evolving information-based and practical climate change strategies requires creating science-policy lines through which information makers and politicians unite. Present investigation discloses that co-creation-depend lines conquered neither by information creators nor politicians prosper in enabling the alteration of information into policy. Amphibious vehicle is chiefly defenseless to climate changes that are predictable to source environment destruction and damage and, eventually, resident excisions. But, little is recognized about how the collaboration amongst climate change and destruction may delay the ability of amphibians to adjust to climate change

Microsatellite loci to determine population structure of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) in the Khuzestan Province (Iran)

Genetic diversity of Garra rufa was studied using 6 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. The specimens of G. rufa were collected from the Kheirabad and Maroon rivers. Despite high importance of this species, there is no genetic information about its population structure. A total of 133 alleles were detected at the 6 loci across the two populations. The Kheirabad population exhibited a lower genetic variation (Ho=0.429 and He=0.850) than the Maroon one. The average numbers of observed alleles in the Kheirabad and Maroon populations were 11.8 and 10.3, respectively. The genetic similarity and distance between the two populations were 0.721 and 0.326, respectively. It seems that Maroon population live under better conditions in contrast to the Kheirabad one. Diminution of genetic variation within examined populations decreases its adaptation to environmental alterations. Based on the results of this study, we can identify two different Garra rufa populations in the Khuzestan province

The Dynamicity and Flexibility of EFL Teachers' Role Identities in Language Institutes

Teachers’ active positioning in social space and their role identity are likely to be affected by workplace policies that impact their working conditions. By the same token, the teachers’ congruence or incongruence with the institutions’ policies can have an impact on their work-related identities. This qualitative study sets itself the objective of exploring the role identities of EFL teachers in language institutes. To this end, 36 experienced language teachers from six language institutes in Yasouj, Iran, took part in the study. The data were gathered through semi-structured individual interviews with the participants. Among the total of 9 role identities, the frequency count of the occurrences of roles demonstrated that the most recurring teacher role identity reported by teachers was teacher as “vendor” who is in charge of “selling” a particular teaching methodology. Further, the least recurring teacher role identity was teacher as “collaborator” indicating that teachers were reluctant to share with other teachers