Applying digital content management to support localisation

The retrieval and presentation of digital content such as that on the World Wide Web (WWW) is a substantial area of research. While recent years have seen huge expansion in the size of web-based archives that can be searched efficiently by commercial search engines, the presentation of potentially relevant content is still limited to ranked document lists represented by simple text snippets or image keyframe surrogates. There is expanding interest in techniques to personalise the presentation of content to improve the richness and effectiveness of the user experience. One of the most significant challenges to achieving this is the increasingly multilingual nature of this data, and the need to provide suitably localised responses to users based on this content. The Digital Content Management (DCM) track of the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL) is seeking to develop technologies to support advanced personalised access and presentation of information by combining elements from the existing research areas of Adaptive Hypermedia and Information Retrieval. The combination of these technologies is intended to produce significant improvements in the way users access information. We review key features of these technologies and introduce early ideas for how these technologies can support localisation and localised content before concluding with some impressions of future directions in DCM

Multilingual adaptive search for digital libraries

This paper describes a framework for Adaptive Multilingual Information Retrieval (AMIR) which allows multilingual resource discovery and delivery using on-the-fly machine translation of documents and queries. Result documents are presented to the user in a contextualised manner. Challenges and affordances of both Adaptive and Multilingual IR, with a particular focus on Digital Libraries, are detailed. The framework components are motivated by a series of results from experiments on query logs and documents from The European Library. We conclude that factoring adaptivity and multilinguality aspects into the search process can enhance the user’s experience with online Digital Libraries

Disambiguating past events: accurate source memory for time and context depends on different retrieval processes

Participant payment was provided by the School of Psychology and Neuroscience ResPay scheme.Current animal models of episodic memory are usually based on demonstrating integrated memory for what happened, where it happened, and when an event took place. These models aim to capture the testable features of the definition of human episodic memory which stresses the temporal component of the memory as a unique piece of source information that allows us to disambiguate one memory from another. Recently though, it has been suggested that a more accurate model of human episodic memory would include contextual rather than temporal source information, as humans’ memory for time is relatively poor. Here, two experiments were carried out investigating human memory for temporal and contextual source information, along with the underlying dual process retrieval processes, using an immersive virtual environment paired with a ‘Remember-Know’ memory task. Experiment 1 (n = 28) showed that contextual information could only be retrieved accurately using recollection, while temporal information could be retrieved using either recollection or familiarity. Experiment 2 (n = 24), which used a more difficult task, resulting in reduced item recognition rates and therefore less potential for contamination by ceiling effects, replicated the pattern of results from Experiment 1. Dual process theory predicts that it should only be possible to retrieve source context from an event using recollection, and our results are consistent with this prediction. That temporal information can be retrieved using familiarity alone suggests that it may be incorrect to view temporal context as analogous to other typically used source contexts. This latter finding supports the alternative proposal that time since presentation may simply be reflected in the strength of memory trace at retrieval – a measure ideally suited to trace strength interrogation using familiarity, as is typically conceptualised within the dual process framework.PostprintPeer reviewe

Aurophilicity under pressure: a combined crystallographic and in-situ spectroscopic study

High pressure crystallographic studies on [1,4 C6H4{PPh2(AuCl)}2] (1) reveal the largest pressure-induced contraction of an aurophilic interaction observed for any Au(I) complex; Hirshfeld surface analysis and Raman spectroscopy reveal the presence of several types of intermolecular interaction, which play an important role in the behaviour of 1 as a function of pressure

Stereoselective Lewis Acid Mediated (3+2) Cycloadditions of N-H- and N-Sulfonylaziridines with Heterocumulenes

Alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates and carbodiimides are effective substrates in (3+2) cycloadditions with N-sulfonyl-2-substituted aziridines and 2-phenylaziridine for the synthesis of iminothiazolidines and iminoimidazolidines. Additionally, the stereoselective (3+2) cycloaddition of N-H- and N-sulfonylaziridines with isothiocyanates can be accomplished, allowing for the synthesis of highly enantioenriched iminothiazolidines. Evidence for an intimate ion-pair mechanism is presented herein in the context of these chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective transformations. The demonstrated ability to remove the sulfonyl group from the heterocyclic products displays the utility of these compounds for further derivatization and application

Refactoring software development process terminology through the use of ontology

In work that is ongoing, the authors are examining the extent of software development process terminology drift. Initial findings suggest there is a degree of term confusion, with the mapping of concepts to terms lacking precision in some instances. Ontologies are concerned with identifying the concepts of relevance to a field of endeavour and mapping those concepts to terms such that term confusion is reduced. In this paper, we discuss how ontologies are developed. We also identify various sources of software process terminology. Our work to date indicates that the systematic development of a software development process ontology would be of benefit to the entire software development community. The development of such an ontology would in effect represent a systematic refactoring of the terminology and concepts produced over four decades of software process innovation

Synthesis and (spectro)electrochemistry of mixedvalent diferrocenyl–dihydrothiopyran derivatives

Three novel diferrocenyl complexes were prepared and characterised. 2,2-Diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl- 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran (1, sulphide) was accessible by the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of diferrocenyl thioketone with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Stepwise oxidation of 1 gave the respective oxides 2,2- diferrocenyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1-oxide (2, sulfoxide) and 2,2-diferrocenyl-4,5- dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-1,1-dioxide (3, sulfone), respectively. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 in the solid state were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The oxidation of sulphide 1 to sulfone 3, plays only a minor role on the overall structure of the two compounds. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (= CV), square wave voltammetry (= SWV)) and spectroelectrochemical (in situ UV-Vis/NIR spectroscopy) studies were carried out. The CV and SWV measurements showed that an increase of the sulphur atom oxidation from −2 in 1 to +2 in 3 causes an anodic shift of the ferrocenylbased oxidation potentials of about 100 mV. The electrochemical oxidation of 1–3 generates mixedvalent cations 1+–3+. These monooxidised species display low-energy electronic absorption bands between 1000 and 3000 nm assigned to IVCT (= Inter-Valence Charge Transfer) electronic transitions. Accordingly, the mixed-valent cations 1+–3+ are classified as weakly coupled class II systems according to Robin and Day.Authors (K. K. and G. M.) thank the National Science Centre (Poland) for financial support (Project Maestro-3; Dec-2012/06/ A/ST5/00219) and R. C. thanks the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for support. The support from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) in the framework of the exchange program “Ostpartnerschaften” is highly appreciated