11 research outputs found

    The distribution of malaria relative risk in Africa.

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    <p>Three different types of risk were calculated as follows: (a) the probability of occurrence of each vector in each cell was multiplied by both the human population density of the cell and the HBI of the vector. The relative risk of malaria in the cell was calculated as the sum of these values; (b) the vector possessing the maximum probability of occurrence was identified for each cell. Its probability of occurrence was multiplied by its HBI and the human population density of the cell. The relative risk of malaria in the cell was calculated as the product of these three values; and (c) the probability of occurrence of each vector in each cell was multiplied by the human population density of the cell and the HBI of the vector. The relative risk of malaria in the cell was calculated as the maximum of these values. The maps plot the natural logarithm of the relative risk.</p

    The distributions of 10 malaria vectors in Africa.

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    <p>Distributions are provided for: (a) <i>A</i>. <i>arabiensis</i>; (b) <i>A</i>. <i>coustani</i>; (c) <i>A</i>. <i>funestus</i>; (d) <i>A</i>. <i>gambiae</i>; (e) <i>A</i>. <i>melas</i>; (f) <i>A</i>. <i>merus</i>; (g) <i>A</i>. <i>moucheti</i>; (h) <i>A</i>. <i>nili</i>; (i) <i>A</i>. <i>paludis</i>; (j) <i>A</i>. <i>quadriannulatus</i>.</p

    Contributions of the Environmental Parameters

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    <p>Column (i) lists the 10 <i>Anopheles</i> species for which niche models were constructed. Columns (ii–iv) list the three parameters that produced the largest AUC when taken individually. These parameters are listed in decreasing order from (ii) to (iv) on the basis of their associated AUC values. Thus column (ii) lists the environmental parameter that possesses the most information regarding the niche of each species. Columns (v–vii) list the three parameters that produced the smallest AUC when omitted. These parameters are listed in increasing order from (ii) to (iv) on the basis of their associated AUC values. Thus column (v) lists the environmental parameter that possesses the most information not possessed by the other parameters regarding the niche of each species. Average AUC values are provided next to each environmental parameter with the standard deviation of the values provided in parenthesis.</p

    Population density in Africa.

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    <p>The population densities have been normalized so as to range over the unit interval.</p

    Accuracy of the Niche Models

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    <p>100 niche models were produced for each of the species listed in column (i). Column (ii) lists the average area under the curve of each model. Column (iii) lists the average omission rate of each model. Column (iv) lists the average <i>p</i> value of each model.</p

    Human Blood Index Values

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    <p>A list of the species is included in column (i). Columns (ii) and (iii) list the mean and standard deviation of the HBI values for each species. A list of the references from which the HBI values were drawn is provided in column (iv).</p

    Environmental Parameters Used in Niche Modelling

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    <p>Environmental Parameters Used in Niche Modelling</p

    Occurrence Data used in Niche Modelling

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    <p>Included in column (i) are each of the 29 <i>Anopheles</i> species responsible for the spread of malaria in Africa. Column (ii) contains the number of records drawn from the MARA database for each species. Column (iii) contains the references from which the MARA data were obtained. Column (iv) contains the number of records drawn from sources not included in the MARA database. Column (v) contains the references from which these additional records were obtained.</p
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