Freight Commodity Flow in Kentucky

The primary objectives of this project were to further the understanding of freight flows throughout Kentucky and to make recommendations on the potential value of freight commodity flow data as an input for statewide transportation planning models. Freight flow data are difficult to accumulate and to convert to common units for use. However, the data available from Reebie Associates that were developed with the Federal Highway Administration have proved useful. The database itself was found to be consistent with other sources of aggregate freight data for Kentucky except for airports. The data assigned to the highway network was in general agreement with weigh station counts and previous research conducted by Morehead State University. However, modeled truck volumes were found to have poor correspondence with the 1996 KYTC classification counts particularly for non-freeway routes. These errors are attributed to the large zone size (3-digit zip code) used in the model as well as the representation of Tennessee as a single zone. Specific recommendations are made for KYTC\u27s consideration for future freight transportation planning efforts

Ecological values of Hamilton urban streams (North Island, New Zealand): constraints and opportunities for restoration

Urban streams globally are characterised by degraded habitat conditions and low aquatic biodiversity, but are increasingly becoming the focus of restoration activities. We investigated habitat quality, ecological function, and fish and macroinvertebrate community composition of gully streams in Hamilton City, New Zealand, and compared these with a selection of periurban sites surrounded by rural land. A similar complement of fish species was found at urban and periurban sites, including two threatened species, with only one introduced fish widespread (Gambusia affinis). Stream macroinvertebrate community metrics indicated low ecological condition at most urban and periurban sites, but highlighted the presence of one high value urban site with a fauna dominated by sensitive taxa. Light-trapping around seepages in city gullies revealed the presence of several caddisfly species normally associated with native forest, suggesting that seepage habitats can provide important refugia for some aquatic insects in urban environments. Qualitative measures of stream habitat were not significantly different between urban and periurban sites, but urban streams had significantly lower hydraulic function and higher biogeochemical function than periurban streams. These functional differences are thought to reflect, respectively, (1) the combined effects of channel modification and stormwater hydrology, and (2) the influence of riparian vegetation providing shade and enhancing habitat in streams. Significant relationships between some macroinvertebrate community metrics and riparian vegetation buffering and bank protection suggest that riparian enhancement may have beneficial ecological outcomes in some urban streams. Other actions that may contribute to urban stream restoration goals include an integrated catchment approach to resolving fish passage issues, active reintroduction of wood to streams to enhance cover and habitat heterogeneity, and seeding of depauperate streams with native migratory fish to help initiate natural recolonisation

Truck Route Access Evaluation: United Parcel Service, Standiford Field Louisville Airport, and Ford Motor Company, Louisville, Site #6

This is a study undertaken on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC). There are two main objectives of the Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189): 1) evaluation of the access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS); and 2) furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for the areas around the Standiford Field Louisville Airport. This includes two large generators off of Fern Valley Road: Ford Motor Company and the United Parcel Service. These sites are located in Jefferson County in the KlPDA Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District #5. The location of the site and routes is shown in Figure 1. Smaller industries to the west of the airport field along Crittendon Avenue include Akzo Nobel Trucking, General Electric Supply, KT Shannon Lumber Company, Airside Commerce Center, United Catalyst Incorporated, and Rapid Runner Warehousing. Work on other specific sites throughout Kentucky as well as the freight commodity flow task is ongoing and documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated in this study were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC Highway District planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the NHS, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The site was visited for video recording on November 21, 1998, data collection on September 29, 1998 and intersection traffic counts on December 15, 1998. The facilities are located south of I-264 and west of I-65 in Louisville either on or adjacent to the airport facility. The surrounding area is generally urban and fairly commercial / industrial. A phone survey was conducted with a UPS facility manager early in the study process. The survey found that approximately 150 trucks per day normally access the site with as many as 400 in the peak of the year. The most common truck is a 28-foot drop van but trucks as large as 53-foot semi-trailers also access the site. No traffic congestion problems were raised. Attempts to contact other large truck generators in the area were unsuccessful. The phone survey is in Appendix A

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Plum Springs Industrial Site, Warren County, Site #2575

The Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189), undertaken by the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), has two main objectives. These objectives include the evaluation of access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS) and furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for one cluster of facilities located in Warren County in the Barren River Area Development District (ADD) and Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) Highway District #3. The location of the site is shown in Figure I. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task are on-going and are documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated in this project were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the National Highway System, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. This particular site was visited several times for data collection on May 13 1998 and for video recordings on January 28, 1998. Traffic counts were taken at two intersection on June 1, 1998. Aerial photographs of the area can be seen in Figures 2 and 3. The following facilities are located in the area: Bowling Green Concrete, Trace Die Cast, Nyloncraft of Kentucky, American Freightways, Vanmeter Contracting, Woodwork ofMidAmerica, Roadway, Top Drawer Manufacturing, Pepsi, Rapid Parcel Service, and Building Systems and Acoustics Incorporated. Some of these facilities are located west of Plum Springs Loop on Graham Street (approximately 0.2 miles from US 31W and Plum Springs Loop) or Commerce Street (approximately 0.9 miles from US 31 W and Plum Springs Loop), and others are located directly on Plum Springs Loop. Phone surveys were completed on three of the area facilities that were considered to have the highest volume of truck traffic. These facilities indicated that approximately 100 trucks per day (200-one way trips) are accessing the area as a result of their daily operations. From observation during the various site visits, the total number of trucks utilizing the route (from all the facilities) is only slightly higher as many of the other facilities have only 1 – 2 trucks per day

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Logan Aluminum Russellville - Logan County, Site #2657

The Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189) is being conducted by the Kentucky Transportation Center on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. There are two main objectives of the study: 1) evaluation of the access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS) and 2) furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for a facility located in Logan County in the Barren River Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District# 3. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task is ongoing and is documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC Highway District planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the national highway system, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. This site is located on US 431 in Logan County. The National Highway System route serving the area is US 68 shown in Figure 1. A phone survey was conducted with the facility truck routing personnel early in the study process. The site was visited on October 26, 1998 for data collection and December 5, 1998 for video recording. The only facility in the area is Logan Aluminum located on US 431 north of Russellville. The approximate location is also shown in Figure 1. The surrounding area is generally rural and agricultural. The phone survey found approximately 200 trucks per day accessing this site (in and out), while HIS data indicates 720 trucks per day travel along US 431. The site trucks are generally flatbed truck 45-48 feet in length. The phone survey information can be found in Appendix B. A concern mentioned in the phone survey was the absence of a southern bypass around Russellville. The Six Year Highway Plan includes the design for construction of a southern bypass. Also included in the Six Year Highway Plan is a project to widen a section of US 431 from near Logan Aluminum to north of the Russellville Bypass

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Centennial Resources, Inc./B. Four, Inc., on US 62 in Hopkins County, Site #2685

The Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98- 189) is being conducted by the Kentucky Transportation Center on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC). There are two major objectives of the study: evaluation of the access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS); and furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for a facility located in Hopkins County in the Pennyrile Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District #2. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other sites as well as the freight commodity flow task is on-going and is documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC Highway District planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the national highway system, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The Centennial Resources facility was recommended by KYTC District 2. The facility is located along US 62 in Hopkins County between Dawson Springs and Nortonville. The site was visited several times for data collection and video recording. The original survey of site layout and facility identification was done on January 15, 1998. Photographs and video were taken on that day. Additional data collection was conducted on July 8, September 28, and November 5, 1998. This is a coal facility with the entrance signs noting permits for Centennial Resources, Inc. and B. Four, Inc. of Madisonville. The surrounding area is rural. A phone survey with the facility manager was conducted as part of the study. The trucks per day using the facility is seasonal, based on demand and could range from 10 to 100. The coal is mostly hauled to the TV A Drakesboro plant. A 1998 KYTC volume count indicates a traffic volume of about 2,300 with slightly over 300 trucks trucks per day along US 4 1. The percentage of heavy trucks was estimated as about 14 percent. The site trucks are generally semi tractor trailers with a maximum trailer length of 32 feet. The phone survey information can be found in Appendix A

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Seaboard Farms, Graves County, Site #2623

The Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98- 189), undertaken by the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), has two main objectives: 1) the evaluation of access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS) and 2) furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for one facility located in Graves County in the Purchase Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District #1. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task are on-going and are documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the National Highway System, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The facility for study is Seaboard Farms, and the initial trip to the site revealed that there were no other significant sources of truck traffic in the vicinity. The site was visited for route videotaping on January 15, 1 998 and data collection on August 3, 1 998. Phone surveys were conducted early into the study process so that facility managers could indicate the truck routes and provide insight into potential access-limiting issues. The phone survey, which is included in Appendix A, indicated that approximately 65 trucks per day (130 one-way trips) are accessing the site. The largest trucks using the access route are 58-foot semi-trailers with 42-foot semi-trailers being the most common

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Dravo Lime Company, Maysville, Site #30

This is a study undertaken by the Kentucky Transportation Center on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet ( KYTC). There are two main objectives of the Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189): evaluation of the access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS); and furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for the Dravo Lime Company facility located in Mason County in the Buffalo Trace Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District #9. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task is ongoing and documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated in this study were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC Highway District planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the NHS, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The site was visited for video recording and data collection on November 11, 1998. The facility is located on Springdale Road east of KY 10. The surrounding area is generally rural. A phone survey was conducted with facility managers early in the study process. The survey found that approximately 50 trucks per day normally access the site with significantly higher numbers in the summer. The trucks are generally tri-axle single units or semi trailers with a maximum length of 48 feet. The freight handled at this facility is primarily limestone. The only problem mentioned in the survey was traffic at the intersection of Springdale Road and KY 10. The phone survey information can be found in Appendix A

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Willamette Industries, Hancock County, Site #2659

The Freight Movement and lntermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189), undertaken by the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC), has two main objectives. These objectives include 1) the evaluation of access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS) and 2) furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for one facility located in Hancock County in the Green River Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC (Kentucky Transportation Cabinet) Highway District #2. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task are on-going and are documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the NHS, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The facility for study is Willamette Industries east of Hawesville, and the initial trip to the site revealed that there were no other significant sources of truck traffic in the vicinity. The site was visited for videotaping on July 6, 1998 and the site visit for data collection was on August 14, 1998. Early into the study process, phone surveys were conducted so that the facility manager could identify the truck routes and access problems. The phone survey completed for the facility, which is located in Appendix A, found that approximately 200 trucks per day (400 one-way trips) are accessing the facility. The most common size truck is a 48-foot semi-trailer

Truck Route Access Evaluation: Bullitt County Stone, Shepherdsville, Site #2031

This is a study undertaken by the Kentucky Transportation Center on behalf of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC). There are two main objectives of the Freight Movement and Intermodal Access in Kentucky Study (SPR 98-189): evaluation of the access for trucks between intermodal or other truck generating sites and the National Highway System (NHS); and furthering the understanding of freight commodity flows throughout the state. This report summarizes the access evaluation for the Bullitt County Stone facility located in Bullitt County in the KIPDA Area Development District (ADD) and KYTC Highway District #5. The location of the site is shown in Figure 1. Work on other specific sites as well as the freight commodity flow task is ongoing and documented elsewhere. The sites to be evaluated in this study were selected from two existing databases (a truck facility survey from 1994 and the intermodal facility inventory) based on ADD and KYTC Highway District planner recommendations, geographic location, distance to the NHS, and the number of trucks accessing the site. Consideration was also made for the freight type handled and transportation modes used. The site was visited for video recording on February 18, 1998. The field data were collected on September 1 and October 13, 1998. The facility is located on KY 1526 approximately 4 miles northeast of Shepherdsville. A phone survey was conducted with facility managers early in the study process. The phone survey conducted with Bullitt County Stone found that approximately 180 trucks per day access the site. The most common truck is a triaxle with the largest being a 48-foot semitrailer. The freight handled at this facility is primarily stone. The survey respondent did not indicate any problems along this route, and it was noted that a new bypass has alleviated some problems. The phone survey information can be found in Appendix A