25 research outputs found

    Adjusted<sup>*</sup> hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for use of individual vitamin or mineral supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

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    <p>*Adjustments included age at cohort entry, sex, education, smoking status and intensity, alcohol use, fruit intake, vegetable intake, body mass index (BMI), vigorous physical activity, usual physical activity during the day, and total energy intake.</p><p>**Any use defined as reporting use more than once per month. ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EADC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; GCA = gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; GNCA = gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma.</p

    Cohort characteristics by frequency of multivitamin supplement use in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

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    <p>Cohort characteristics by frequency of multivitamin supplement use in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.</p

    Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for any use of multivitamin supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers stratified by sex or smoking in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

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    <p>Of the eight tests, only smoking status for esophageal adenocarcinoma showed significant effect modification (P = 0.022), but the estimates in both strata have confidence intervals that include 1.</p

    Crude and adjusted<sup>*</sup> hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for use of multivitamin supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

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    <p>*Adjustments included age at cohort entry, sex, education, smoking status and intensity, alcohol use, fruit intake, vegetable intake, body mass index (BMI), vigorous physical activity, usual physical activity during the day, and total energy intake. ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EADC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; GCA = gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; GNCA = gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma.</p

    Population characteristics of Parkinson Cases and controls.

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    #<p>Chi-Square tests for categorical variables, t-tests for continuous variables *number of participants that provided data.</p

    Alcohol Consumption, Types of Alcohol, and Parkinson’s Disease

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>The epidemiologic evidence on alcohol consumption and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is equivocal. We prospectively examined total alcohol consumption and consumption of specific types of alcoholic beverage in relation to future risk of PD.</p><p>Methods</p><p>The study comprised 306,895 participants (180,235 male and 126,660 female) ages 50–71 years in 1995–1996 from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Consumption of alcoholic beverages in the past 12 months was assessed in 1995–1996. Multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from logistic regression models.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 1,113 PD cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2006 were included in the analysis. Total alcohol consumption was not associated with PD. However, the association differed by types of alcoholic beverages. Compared with non-beer drinkers, the multivariate ORs for beer drinkers were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.92) for <1 drink/day, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.07) for 1–1.99 drinks/day, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.21) for ≥2 drinks/day. For liquor consumption, a monotonic increase in PD risk was suggested: ORs (95% CI) were 1.06 (0.91, 1.23), 1.22 (0.94, 1.58), and 1.35 (1.02, 1.80) for <1, 1–1.99, and ≥2 drinks/day, respectively (P for trend <0.03). Additional analyses among exclusive drinkers of one specific type of alcoholic beverage supported the robustness of these findings. The results for wine consumption were less clear, although a borderline lower PD risk was observed when comparing wine drinkers of 1–1.99 drinks/day with none drinkers (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.02).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our results suggest that beer and liquor consumption may have opposite associations with PD: low to moderate beer consumption with lower PD risk and greater liquor consumption with higher risk. These findings and potential underlying mechanisms warrant further investigations.</p></div

    Relative risk of death from any cause according to waist circumference and body mass index.

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    <p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). The analysis of waist circumference was additionally adjusted for body-mass index (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</p

    Odds Ratios of Parkinson’s Disease According to Consumption of Total Alcohol and Specific Types of Alcoholic Beverages, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 1995–2006.

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    <p>CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PD = Parkinson’s disease.</p>a<p>Adjusted for age.</p>b<p>Additional adjustment for sex, race, education, marital status, smoking, caffeine intake, physical activity, and self-evaluated health status.</p>c<p>Based on Model 2, individual types of alcoholic beverages were adjusted simultaneously.</p

    Multivariate relative risk of death from any cause and death from specific causes according to joint categories of waist circumference and body mass index.

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    <p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). Participants with a waist circumference of <80 cm (women) or <94 cm (men) served as the reference group.</p

    Relative risk of death from any non-cancer/non-cardiovascular diseases and from selected non-cancer/non-cardiovascular diseases according to waist circumference and body mass index.

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    <p>The multivariate models used person-time as the underlying time metric and included the following covariates: age at entry (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian), smoking status (never, former, current), and alcohol intake (0, <1, <3, ≥3 drinks per day). The analyses of waist circumference were additionally adjusted for body-mass index (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</p
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