Oral health status: relationship to nutrient and food intake among 80‐year‐old Japanese adults

Objectives The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the relationship of oral health status defined on the basis of presence of posterior occluding pairs ( POP s) and adequacy of removable denture fit as determined by self‐report to nutrient and food intake among older Japanese. Methods The subjects were 353 Japanese aged 80 years in 2008 and were classified into four groups according to the number of POP s, defined as pairs of occluding natural, restored, or fixed prosthetic postcanine teeth (range: 0–8) and removable denture status. The groups were: (i) good dentition ( n  =   56; 8 POP s and no removable prosthesis), (ii) well‐fitting dentures ( n  =   158; <8 POP s with self‐reported good‐fitting dentures), (iii) ill‐fitting dentures ( n  =   70; <8 POP s with self‐reported ill‐fitting dentures), and (iv) compromised dentition ( n  =   69; <8 POP s and no removable prosthesis). Multivariable analysis of the differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables which were collected via validated food frequency questionnaire among the four oral health status groups was conducted using general linear models. Results Intake of multiple nutrients was significantly ( P  <   0.05) lower in the group with ill‐fitting dentures or compromised dentition than in the good dentition group. Vegetable, fish, and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the ill‐fitting dentures or compromised dentition groups. No significant differences were seen in dietary intake between the well‐fitting dentures and good dentition groups. Conclusions Dietary intake was poorer in those with self‐perceived ill‐fitting dentures or fewer POP s than among those having all POP s. Regular dental care to maintain intact dentition, as well as dental treatment to replace missing teeth and ensure adequate denture fit and function, may be important to the diet intake and subsequent nutritional status of older Japanese.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108691/1/cdoe12100.pd

Low Body Mass Index as a Risk Factor for the Onset of Porosity of the Mandibular Bone in the Elderly

Objective: To investigate whether a low body mass index (BMI) has a significant relationship with mandibular bone porosity progression by conducting a mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification in elderly Japanese people. Material and Methods: A total of 266 study subjects, aged 70 at baseline, were recruited for this study, conducted from 1998 to 2007. The subjects were divided into two groups according to changes in the MIC on serial panoramic radiographs during this nine-year study period: a no change group (MIC-NC) and a change group (MIC-C). All subjects in the MIC-C showed changes trending toward greater fragility. We evaluated the BMI at baseline. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the MIC condition during the nine-year period (0: MIC-NC, 1: MIC-C) and BMI (kg/m2) adjusted for gender, current health status (CHS), and smoking habit (SH) at baseline. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the BMI at baseline in the MIC-NC and MIC-C were 22.8 ± 2.1 and 21.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2 for males and 23.1 ± 2.9 and 21.9 ± 2.4 kg/m2 for females. There was a significant relationship between the MIC condition and the BMI in both males (p=0.04) and females (p=0.01). The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the MIC condition over the nine-year period and the BMI (OR=0.84, p=0.003), which was adjusted depending on the gender (OR=5.18, p=0.000), CHS (OR=0.53, p=0.015), and SH (OR=4.15, p=0.002) at baseline. Conclusion: A low BMI carries a risk of developing mandibular bone porosity by measuring the MIC condition in panoramic radiographs

Mathematical analysis of the effect of portal vein cells on biliary epithelial cell differentiation through the Delta-Notch signaling pathway

journal articl

Dental Caries Prevalence in 12-year-old Children in Shenyang, China

The purpose of the survey reported herein was to evaluate the caries prevalence in 12-year-Old children in the city of Shenyang, China. In total 919 children aged 12 years attending the Shenyang School No. 126 were selected. Five calibrated dentists examined their dental health status annually uslng dental mirrors, explorers and artificial lights between 1992 and 1996. The annual caries prevalence rates ranged from 59.1% to 70.6% and no significant diferences were found among survey years. The mean DMFT was about 1.5 until 1995 and then increased to 1.8 in 1996, and a significant diference was found between the DMFT in 1992 and 1996. Among the components of the DMFT, the mean number of DT decreased and that of FT increased annually up to 1995. In 1996, conversely, the mean DT was significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with that in 1995 and the mean FT was decreased, although no significant difference was found. However, both the caries prevalence rates and the DMFT in these subjects examined between 1992 and 1996 were twice the Chinese national means. These results suggest that this school-based dental health program, implemented in 1992, should be improved to provide better dental health for the children.本調査の目的は中国瀋陽市の12歳児における最近のう蝕有病状況を評価することである。瀋陽市第126学校の12歳児合計919名を調査対象者とし、う蝕の診断はWHOの国際スタンダードに基づき、事前にキャリプレーショソを行った5名の歯科医により、人工照明下で歯鏡、探針を用い行われた｡調査期間は1992年～1996年の5年間であった。調査期間中の永久歯う蝕有病者率は59.1% (1993年)～70.6% (1996年)で統計学的に有意差は認められなかった｡平均DMFTは1995年まで約1.5本と一定であったが、1996年に1.8本に増加し、1992年のそれに対し差は有意(P<0.05)であった｡DMFTの内訳をみると、1995年まで経年的に平均DT(未処置歯数)は減少し平均FT(処置歯数)は増加した｡しかし、1996年では、逆に平均DTは有意(P<0.01)な増加に転じ、平均FTは減少した｡なお、1996年にみられたこれらの突然の変化については、今後の更なる調査が必要と思われた｡しかしながら、対象者における1992年～1996年の有病者率、および、平均DMFTは、中国の全国平均の2倍であったことから、1992年以来行われてきた学校歯科保健プログラムを改善する必要性を示唆している｡departmental bulletin pape

The influence of age, sex, and mandibular morphometric parameters on cortical bone width and erosion: a panoramic radiography study

AimThis study evaluated the relationship between age, sex, and mandibular morphological changes, focusing particularly on mandibular cortical width (MCW) and mandibular cortical index (MCI), using panoramic radiography.MethodsA total of 300 panoramic radiographs were analyzed. Mandibular morphometric parameters were measured, including ramus height, maximum and minimum ramus width, gonial angle, bigonial width, condylar height, coronoid height, MCW, and MCI. Statistical analysis included Spearman's correlation, multiple regression, and logistic regression to assess the relationships between mandibular morphology, cortical width, and cortical erosion with age and sex.ResultsSignificant differences were observed across age and sex groups in most mandibular parameters. Men had significantly larger values for ramus height, bigonial width, and condylar height, while women showed a wider gonial angle. Age was negatively correlated with MCW (r = −0.522, p = 0.000) and positively correlated with MCI (r = 0.388, p = 0.000), indicating that cortical width decreases and cortical erosion increases with age. In the multiple regression analysis, age (B = −0.028, p = 0.000) and MCI (B = −0.391, p = 0.000) were strong negative predictors of MCW. In contrast, condylar height (B = 0.024, p = 0.007) positively influenced MCW, explaining 41.5% of the variance in cortical width (R² = 0.415). The logistic regression analysis revealed that MCW [Exp(B) = 0.157, p = 0.000], sex [Exp(B) = 2.251, p = 0.005], and age [Exp(B) = 1.062, p = 0.000] significantly predicted MCI, with thinner mandibular cortices, female sex, and older age associated with higher MCI values (severe cortical erosion). Each 1 mm decrease in MCW increased the likelihood of being in a higher MCI class by 84%.ConclusionsWomen were more than twice as likely to exhibit greater cortical erosion than men. This study demonstrated that age, sex, and mandibular morphometric parameters significantly influenced MCW and erosion

Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults

AimTo evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Materials and methodsThis 6‐year study included 374 Japanese 70‐year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors—cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality—were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the “healthy lifestyle score” (0–4 points). Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth‐specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss.ResultsAfter 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0–1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth‐specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.77).ConclusionsSimultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/1/jcpe12920_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/2/jcpe12920.pd

Association of liver enzyme levels and alveolar bone loss : a cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island

The interaction of periodontopathic bacteria with host immune system induces the production of inflammatory mediators which leads to alveolar bone loss (ABL), the essential feature of periodontitis. Concurrently, periodontal diseases cause the elevation of blood cytokine levels, the alteration of gut microbiota and the dissemination of enterobacteria to the liver. Owing to these mechanisms, periodontal disease might be a risk for liver dysfunction. Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between periodontal diseases and liver dysfunction, although the association between ABL and liver dysfunction has not been investigated. This cross-sectional study determined if elevated serum liver enzyme levels were associated with ABL in Japanese adults. Japanese adults living on Sado Island who visited Sado General Hospital were invited to participate in the study. Participants over 40 years of age who underwent dental panoramic radiography and blood tests were included. Drinking and smoking habits were self-administered. After excluding patients with edentulous jaw, diagnosed liver diseases, and those on dialysis, data from 44 men and 66 women with a mean age of 73 years were analyzed. The average percentage of ABL for each participant was calculated for mesial and distal sites of all remaining teeth. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. Univariate analyses were performed to select covariates to be put in multivariate analyses. The association between elevated serum liver enzyme levels and the highest quartile of ABL were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for covariates, no significant association was found between elevated serum AST, ALT, or GGT levels as dependent variables and the highest quartile of ABL as an explanatory variable. There was no significant association between the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels and ABL in Japanese adults